scholarly journals Different Modulating Effects of Adenosine on Neonatal and Adult Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Chen Hou ◽  
Hong-Ren Yu ◽  
Ho-Chang Kuo ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Li-Yan Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Good Strategy ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Pmn Functions

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are the major leukocytes in the circulation and play an important role in host defense. Intact PMN functions include adhesion, migration, phagocytosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release. It has been known for a long time that adenosine can function as a modulator of adult PMN functions. Neonatal plasma has a higher adenosine level than that of adults; however, little is known about the modulating effects of adenosine on neonatal PMNs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adenosine on neonatal PMN functions. We found that neonatal PMNs had impaired adhesion, chemotaxis, and ROS production abilities, but not phagocytosis compared to adult PMNs. As with adult PMNs, adenosine could suppress the CD11b expressions of neonatal PMNs, but had no significant suppressive effect on phagocytosis. In contrast to adult PMNs, adenosine did not significantly suppress chemotaxis and ROS production of neonatal PMNs. This may be due to impaired phagocyte reactions and a poor neonatal PMN response to adenosine. Adenosine may not be a good strategy for the treatment of neonatal sepsis because of impaired phagocyte reactions and poor response.

Danshensu Rescues Ischemia/Reperfusion Caused Human Hepatocyte Death

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
Sun Maw-Sheng ◽  
Liang Chun-Ya ◽  
Hsieh Po-Chun ◽  
Kuo Chan-Yen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Good Strategy ◽  
Ros Accumulation ◽  
Dichlorofluorescin Diacetate ◽  
Hepatocyte Damage ◽  
Hepatocyte Death

Apoptosis of hepatocyte, under ischemia/reperfusion (IR) conditions, has been identified as an essential process in the progression of liver transplantation. Under these conditions, mitochondria can become a threat to the cell because of their capacity to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, ROS overproduction may induce inflammation. As ROS accumulation appears to cause hepatocyte damage or death, there has been considerable interest in identifying the candidate natural products involved and in developing strategies to reduce oxidative stress. In this study, we use Danshensu as a candidate product to speculate whether has the protective effect on apoptotic hepatocyte upon IR. To speculate the apoptotic phenomena was reversed by Danshensu, we detected the p53, cleaved-caspase 3 expression by western blotting, as well as caspase-3 activity. Additionally, we analyzed the ROS levels by 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA) staining. We also detected the cell viability by WST-1. Results showed that Danshensu alleviated hypoxia-caused cell apoptosis via ROS overproduction. We suggested that Danshensu is a good strategy for treating hepatocyte damage upon IR.

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species in Host Plant Are Required for an Early Defense Response against Attack of Stagonospora nodorum Berk. Necrotrophic Effectors SnTox

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1586
Author(s):  
Svetlana Veselova ◽  
Tatyana Nuzhnaya ◽  
Guzel Burkhanova ◽  
Sergey Rumyantsev ◽  
Igor Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Stagonospora Nodorum ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Necrotrophic Effectors

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role in plant immune responses. The most important virulence factors of the Stagonospora nodorum Berk. are multiple fungal necrotrophic effectors (NEs) (SnTox) that affect the redox-status and cause necrosis and/or chlorosis in wheat lines possessing dominant susceptibility genes (Snn). However, the effect of NEs on ROS generation at the early stages of infection has not been studied. We studied the early stage of infection of various wheat genotypes with S nodorum isolates -Sn4VD, SnB, and Sn9MN, carrying a different set of NE genes. Our results indicate that all three NEs of SnToxA, SnTox1, SnTox3 significantly contributed to cause disease, and the virulence of the isolates depended on their differential expression in plants (Triticum aestivum L.). The Tsn1–SnToxA, Snn1–SnTox1and Snn3–SnTox3 interactions played an important role in inhibition ROS production at the initial stage of infection. The Snn3–SnTox3 inhibited ROS production in wheat by affecting NADPH-oxidases, peroxidases, superoxide dismutase and catalase. The Tsn1–SnToxA inhibited ROS production in wheat by affecting peroxidases and catalase. The Snn1–SnTox1 inhibited the production of ROS in wheat by mainly affecting a peroxidase. Collectively, these results show that the inverse gene-for gene interactions between effector of pathogen and product of host sensitivity gene suppress the host’s own PAMP-triggered immunity pathway, resulting in NE-triggered susceptibility (NETS). These results are fundamentally changing our understanding of the development of this economical important wheat disease.

scholarly journals Production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species both affect reproductive success in male and female Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biz R. Turnell ◽  
Luisa Kumpitsch ◽  
Klaus Reinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Respiratory Pathway ◽  
Male And Female

AbstractSperm aging is accelerated by the buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause oxidative damage to various cellular components. Aging can be slowed by limiting the production of mitochondrial ROS and by increasing the production of antioxidants, both of which can be generated in the sperm cell itself or in the surrounding somatic tissues of the male and female reproductive tracts. However, few studies have compared the separate contributions of ROS production and ROS scavenging to sperm aging, or to cellular aging in general. We measured reproductive fitness in two lines of Drosophila melanogaster genetically engineered to (1) produce fewer ROS via expression of alternative oxidase (AOX), an alternative respiratory pathway; or (2) scavenge fewer ROS due to a loss-of-function mutation in the antioxidant gene dj-1β. Wild-type females mated to AOX males had increased fecundity and longer fertility durations, consistent with slower aging in AOX sperm. Contrary to expectations, fitness was not reduced in wild-type females mated to dj-1β males. Fecundity and fertility duration were increased in AOX and decreased in dj-1β females, indicating that female ROS levels may affect aging rates in stored sperm and/or eggs. Finally, we found evidence that accelerated aging in dj-1β sperm may have selected for more frequent mating. Our results help to clarify the relative roles of ROS production and ROS scavenging in the male and female reproductive systems.

scholarly journals Reactive oxygen species rescue regeneration after silencing the MAPK–ERK signaling pathway in Schmidtea mediterranea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Jaenen ◽  
S. Fraguas ◽  
K. Bijnens ◽  
M. Heleven ◽  
T. Artois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Erk Signaling ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Planarian Regeneration ◽  
Egfr Signaling Pathway

AbstractDespite extensive research on molecular pathways controlling the process of regeneration in model organisms, little is known about the actual initiation signals necessary to induce regeneration. Recently, the activation of ERK signaling has been shown to be required to initiate regeneration in planarians. However, how ERK signaling is activated remains unknown. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are well-known early signals necessary for regeneration in several models, including planarians. Still, the probable interplay between ROS and MAPK/ERK has not yet been described. Here, by interfering with major mediators (ROS, EGFR and MAPK/ERK), we were able to identify wound-induced ROS, and specifically H2O2, as upstream cues in the activation of regeneration. Our data demonstrate new relationships between regeneration-related ROS production and MAPK/ERK activation at the earliest regeneration stages, as well as the involvement of the EGFR-signaling pathway. Our results suggest that (1) ROS and/or H2O2 have the potential to rescue regeneration after MEK-inhibition, either by H2O2-treatment or light therapy, (2) ROS and/or H2O2 are required for the activation of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, (3) the EGFR pathway can mediate ROS production and the activation of MAPK/ERK during planarian regeneration.

scholarly journals Somatic production of reactive oxygen species does not predict its production in sperm cells across Drosophila melanogaster lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biz R. Turnell ◽  
Luisa Kumpitsch ◽  
Anne-Cécile Ribou ◽  
Klaus Reinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Transport Chain

Abstract Objective Sperm ageing has major evolutionary implications but has received comparatively little attention. Ageing in sperm and other cells is driven largely by oxidative damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the mitochondria. Rates of organismal ageing differ across species and are theorized to be linked to somatic ROS levels. However, it is unknown whether sperm ageing rates are correlated with organismal ageing rates. Here, we investigate this question by comparing sperm ROS production in four lines of Drosophila melanogaster that have previously been shown to differ in somatic mitochondrial ROS production, including two commonly used wild-type lines and two lines with genetic modifications standardly used in ageing research. Results Somatic ROS production was previously shown to be lower in wild-type Oregon-R than in wild-type Dahomey flies; decreased by the expression of alternative oxidase (AOX), a protein that shortens the electron transport chain; and increased by a loss-of-function mutation in dj-1β, a gene involved in ROS scavenging. Contrary to predictions, we found no differences among these four lines in the rate of sperm ROS production. We discuss the implications of our results, the limitations of our study, and possible directions for future research.

scholarly journals Environmentally persistent free radicals are ubiquitous in wildfire charcoals and remain stable for years

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Sigmund ◽  
Cristina Santín ◽  
Marc Pignitter ◽  
Nathalie Tepe ◽  
Stefan H. Doerr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Pyrogenic Carbon ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Long Time ◽  
High Concentrations

AbstractGlobally landscape fires produce about 256 Tg of pyrogenic carbon or charcoal each year. The role of charcoal as a source of environmentally persistent free radicals, which are precursors of potentially harmful reactive oxygen species, is poorly constrained. Here, we analyse 60 charcoal samples collected from 10 wildfires, that include crown as well as surface fires in forest, shrubland and grassland spanning different boreal, temperate, subtropical and tropical climate. Using electron spin resonance spectroscopy, we measure high concentrations of environmentally persistent free radicals in charcoal samples, much higher than those found in soils. Concentrations increased with degree of carbonization and woody fuels favoured higher concentrations. Moreover, environmentally persistent free radicals remained stable for an unexpectedly long time of at least 5 years. We suggest that wildfire charcoal is an important global source of environmentally persistent free radicals, and therefore potentially of harmful reactive oxygen species.

scholarly journals Intracellular Sources of ROS/H2O2 in Health and Neurodegeneration: Spotlight on Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Tasuku Konno ◽  
Eduardo Pinho Melo ◽  
Joseph E. Chambers ◽  
Edward Avezov
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Antioxidative Enzymes ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Specific Target

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced continuously throughout the cell as products of various redox reactions. Yet these products function as important signal messengers, acting through oxidation of specific target factors. Whilst excess ROS production has the potential to induce oxidative stress, physiological roles of ROS are supported by a spatiotemporal equilibrium between ROS producers and scavengers such as antioxidative enzymes. In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a non-radical ROS, is produced through the process of oxidative folding. Utilisation and dysregulation of H2O2, in particular that generated in the ER, affects not only cellular homeostasis but also the longevity of organisms. ROS dysregulation has been implicated in various pathologies including dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases, sanctioning a field of research that strives to better understand cell-intrinsic ROS production. Here we review the organelle-specific ROS-generating and consuming pathways, providing evidence that the ER is a major contributing source of potentially pathologic ROS.

scholarly journals Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors Ameliorate Endothelium Barrier Dysfunction Induced by Cyclic Stretch through Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6044
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Li ◽  
Gregor Römer ◽  
Raphaela P. Kerindongo ◽  
Jeroen Hermanides ◽  
Martin Albrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cyclic Stretch ◽  
Cell Permeability ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Human Coronary Artery ◽  
Oxidative Effect

SGLT-2i’s exert direct anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects on resting endothelial cells. However, endothelial cells are constantly exposed to mechanical forces such as cyclic stretch. Enhanced stretch increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thereby impairs endothelial barrier function. We hypothesized that the SGLT-2i’s empagliflozin (EMPA), dapagliflozin (DAPA) and canagliflozin (CANA) exert an anti-oxidative effect and alleviate cyclic stretch-induced endothelial permeability in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). HCAECs were pre-incubated with one of the SGLT-2i’s (1 µM EMPA, 1 µM DAPA and 3 µM CANA) for 2 h, followed by 10% stretch for 24 h. HCAECs exposed to 5% stretch were considered as control. Involvement of ROS was measured using N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). The sodium-hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1) and NADPH oxidases (NOXs) were inhibited by cariporide, or GKT136901, respectively. Cell permeability and ROS were investigated by fluorescence intensity imaging. Cell permeability and ROS production were increased by 10% stretch; EMPA, DAPA and CANA decreased this effect significantly. Cariporide and GKT136901 inhibited stretch-induced ROS production but neither of them further reduced ROS production when combined with EMPA. SGLT-2i’s improve the barrier dysfunction of HCAECs under enhanced stretch and this effect might be mediated through scavenging of ROS. Anti-oxidative effect of SGLT-2i’s might be partially mediated by inhibition of NHE1 and NOXs.

scholarly journals FRI0370 DUAL OXIDASE MATURATION FACTOR 1 POSITIVELY REGULATES RANKL-INDUCED OSTEOCLASTOGENESIS VIA ACTIVATING REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES PRODUCTION AND TRAF6-MEDIATED SIGNALING

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 782.2-782
Author(s):  
C. H. Lee ◽  
C. H. Chung ◽  
Y. J. Choi ◽  
W. H. Yoo ◽  
J. Y. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Maturation Factor ◽  
Intracellular Ros ◽  
Dual Oxidase ◽  
Rankl Stimulation

Background:Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are one of the significant factors of chemical or physical cell signaling in a wide variety of cell types including skeletal cells. Receptor activator of NF-βB ligand (RANKL) induces generation of intracellular ROS, which act as second messengers in RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Dual oxidase maturation factor 1 (Duoxa1) was first identified as aDrosophilaNumb-interacting protein (NIP), and has been associated with the maturation of ROS generating enzymes including dual oxidases (Duox1 and Duox2). In the progression of osteoclast differentiation using mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs), we identified that only Duoxa1 level showed an effective change upon RANKL stimulation, but not Duox1, Duox2, and Duoxa2.Objectives:we hypothesized that Duoxa1 could independently act as a second messenger for RANKL stimulation and regulate ROS production during osteoclast differentiation.Methods:Using siRNA or retrovirus transduction and knockdown of Duoxa1 via siRNAResults:Duoxa1 level gradually increased during RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. We found that Duoxa1 regulated RANKL-stimulated osteoclast formation and bone resorption positively. knockdown of Duoxa1 via siRNA decreased the RANKL-induced ROS production. During Duoxa1-related control of osteoclastogenesis, activation of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)-mediated early signaling molecules including MAPKs, Akt, IβB, Btk, and PLC 2 was affected, which sequentially modified the mRNA or protein expression levels of key transcription factors in osteoclastogenesis, such as c-Fos and NFATc1, as well as mRNA expression of osteoclast-specific markers including OSCAR, ATP6v0d2, and CtsK.Conclusion:Overall, our data indicate that Duoxa1 plays a crucial role in osteoclastogenesis via regulating RANKL-induced intracellular ROS production and activating TRAF6-mediated signaling.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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