scholarly journals Effect of Long-Term Paddy-Upland Yearly Rotations on Rice (Oryza sativa) Yield, Soil Properties, and Bacteria Community Diversity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Chen ◽  
Xi Zheng ◽  
Dangying Wang ◽  
Liping Chen ◽  
Chunmei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Time Dependency ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Upland Crop ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter

A 10-year-long field trial (between 2001 and 2010) was conducted to investigate the effect of paddy-upland rotation on rice yield, soil properties, and bacteria community diversity. Six types of paddy-upland crop rotations were evaluated: rice-fallow (control; CK), rice-rye grass (RR), rice-potato with rice straw mulches (RP), rice-rapeseed with straw incorporated into soil at flowering (ROF), rice-rapeseed incorporated in soil after harvest (ROM), and rice-Chinese milk vetch (RC). Analysis of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) was used to determine microbial diversity among rotations. Rice yield increased for upland crops planted during the winter. RC had the highest average yield of 7.74 t/ha, followed by RR, RP, ROM, and ROF. Soil quality differences among rotations were found. RC and RP improved the soil mean weight diameter (MWD), which suggested that rice rotated with milk vetch and potato might improve the paddy soil structure. Improved total nitrogen (TN) and soil organic matter (SOM) were also found in RC and RP. The positive relationship between yield and TN/SOM might provide evidence for the effect of RC rotation on rice yield. A strong time dependency of soil bacterial community diversity was also found.

Effects of fertilisation on microbial communities in short-term coal mine reclamation

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 779
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Yinghe Xie ◽  
Ying Wei ◽  
Huisheng Meng ◽  
Yanzhuan Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Beneficial Effects

The recovery of the belowground microbial community structure and diversity that occurs in long-term coal mining reclamation is critical to reclamation success. However, long-term coal mining reclamation can take ~10–30 years. Therefore, finding an effective method for promoting coal mine soil restoration in the short-term is necessary to minimise reclamation time. This study investigated the response of soil bacterial communities to fertilisation along a chronosequence of short-term reclamation. Fertilised and unfertilised soils with three short-term reclamation stages were examined to characterise soil properties, as well as bacterial structure and diversity. Fertilisation promoted available nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, and soil organic matter, as well as benefits in bacterial community diversity across the three stages, with the most beneficial effects at 7 years. 16S rRNA sequencing data showed that the predominant phyla across all soils were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Gemmatimonadetes. Abundance of each phylum was altered by reclamation time and fertilisation. Clustering and functional analysis indicated that the bacterial community structure in soils with a longer reclamation time was more similar to that in natural soils, suggesting that longer reclamation resulted in increased soil activity and bacterial community diversity, which is likely also true for fertilisation. Our results demonstrate that reclamation duration is the main driving force to recover soil properties and bacterial communities, and fertilisation could enhance the beneficial effects with longer reclamation duration. Therefore, short-term reclamation, combined with fertiliser, is a potential strategy to improve soil conditions in coal mine areas and shorten the recovery time of reclaimed soils.

scholarly journals Slope position and management practices as factors influencing selected properties of topsoil

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Vladimír Šimanský ◽  
Martin Juriga ◽  
Łukasz Mendyk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Structure Parameters ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter

Abstract An interaction between the slope position and type of soil management practices could be one of the most important factor affecting several soil properties including soil structure. Therefore, we evaluated selected soil properties including soil structure parameters in relation to slope gradient and soil management practices between Trakovice and Bučany villages (western Slovakia). The sampling sites were located in two adjacent, gently sloping fields with a NW-SE orientation. The sites also differ in soil management type: Field No. 1 was used as arable land with intensive cultivation (IC) of crops, while a greening system (GS) had been established on Field No. 2. Soil samples were taken from five geomorphological zones at each slope: summit, shoulder, back-slope, toe slope and flat terrain under the slope. Results showed that soil pH, content of soil organic matter (SOM) and carbonates depended on land use of the slopes. In GS, the water-stable macro-aggregates (WSAma) 0.5–3 mm (favourable size fraction) displayed statistical significant quadratic polynomial trend along the slope gradient. In IC the values of mean weight diameter of dry sieved aggregates (MWDd) decreased significantly along the slope gradient, while in GS the opposite trend was observed. In IC significant correlations between carbonates content (r=-0.775, P<0.01), humic acids (HA) content (r=0.654, P<0.05), colour quotients of humic substances (r=-0.706, P<0.05), colour quotients of HA (r=-0.723, P<0.05) and MWDd were determined. In GS higher content of carbonates was followed by a decrease in content WSAma, MWDd, mean weight diameter of wet sieved aggregates (MWDw) and stability index of aggregates. At the same time stabile and labile soil organic matter improved soil structure parameters in GS.

Long-term organic fertilizer substitution increases rice yield by improving soil properties and regulating soil bacteria

Geoderma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 404 ◽  
pp. 115287
Author(s):  
Jiai Liu ◽  
Aiping Shu ◽  
Weifeng Song ◽  
Wenchong Shi ◽  
Mingcong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Organic Fertilizer

scholarly journals Effect of Long-Term Soil Management Practices on Tree Growth, Yield and Soil Biodiversity in a High-Density Olive Agro-Ecosystem

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1036
Author(s):  
Sauro Simoni ◽  
Giovanni Caruso ◽  
Nadia Vignozzi ◽  
Riccardo Gucci ◽  
Giuseppe Valboa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Carbon Pools ◽  
Grass Cover ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Canopy Effect ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Pools

Edaphic arthropod communities provide valuable information about the prevailing status of soil quality to improve the functionality and long-term sustainability of soil management. The study aimed at evaluating the effect of plant and grass cover on the functional biodiversity and soil characteristics in a mature olive orchard (Olea europaea L.) managed for ten years by two conservation soil managements: natural grass cover (NC) and conservation tillage (CT). The trees under CT grew and yielded more than those under NC during the period of increasing yields (years 4–7) but not when they reached full production. Soil management did not affect the tree root density. Collecting samples underneath the canopy (UC) and in the inter-row space (IR), the edaphic environment was characterized by soil structure, hydrological properties, the concentration and storage of soil organic carbon pools and the distribution of microarthropod communities. The soil organic carbon pools (total and humified) were negatively affected by minimum tillage in IR, but not UC, without a loss in fruit and oil yield. The assemblages of microarthropods benefited, firstly, from the grass cover, secondly, from the canopy effect, and thirdly, from a soil structure ensuring a high air capacity and water storage. Feeding functional groups—hemiedaphic macrosaprophages, polyphages and predators—resulted in selecting the ecotonal microenvironment between the surface and edaphic habitat.

scholarly journals Unmapped exome reads implicate a role for Anelloviridae in childhood HIV-1 long-term non-progression

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Savannah Mwesigwa ◽  
◽  
Lesedi Williams ◽  
Gaone Retshabile ◽  
Eric Katagirya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Sequencing Platform ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Survival Status ◽  
Significant Public Health

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a significant public health burden globally. The role of viral co-infection in the rate of progression of HIV infection has been suggested but not empirically tested, particularly among children. We extracted and classified 42 viral species from whole-exome sequencing (WES) data of 813 HIV-infected children in Botswana and Uganda categorised as either long-term non-progressors (LTNPs) or rapid progressors (RPs). The Ugandan participants had a higher viral community diversity index compared to Batswana (p = 4.6 × 10−13), and viral sequences were more frequently detected among LTNPs than RPs (24% vs 16%; p = 0.008; OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.6–2.3), with Anelloviridae showing strong association with LTNP status (p = 3 × 10−4; q = 0.004, OR, 3.99; 95% CI, 1.74–10.25). This trend was still evident when stratified by country, sex, and sequencing platform, and after a logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, sex, country, and the sequencing platform (p = 0.02; q = 0.03; OR, 7.3; 95% CI, 1.6–40.5). Torque teno virus (TTV), which made up 95% of the Anelloviridae reads, has been associated with reduced immune activation. We identify an association between viral co-infection and prolonged AIDs-free survival status that may have utility as a biomarker of LTNP and could provide mechanistic insights to HIV progression in children, demonstrating the added value of interrogating off-target WES reads in cohort studies.

scholarly journals Natural and Managed Grasslands Productivity during Multiyear in Ex-Arable Lands (in the Context of Climate Change)

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Liudmila Tripolskaja ◽  
Asta Kazlauskaite-Jadzevice ◽  
Virgilijus Baliuckas ◽  
Almantas Razukas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Rainfall Amount ◽  
Rainfall Variation ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Term Change ◽  
The Impact

Ex-arable land-use change is a global issue with significant implications for climate change and impact for phytocenosis productivity and soil quality. In temperate humid grassland, we examined the impact of climate variability and changes of soil properties on 23 years of grass productivity after conversion of ex-arable soil to abandoned land (AL), unfertilized, and fertilized managed grassland (MGunfert and MGfert, respectively). This study aimed to investigate the changes between phytocenosis dry matter (DM) yield and rainfall amount in May–June and changes of organic carbon (Corg) stocks in soil. It was found that from 1995 to 2019, rainfall in May–June tended to decrease. The more resistant to rainfall variation were plants recovered in AL. The average DM yield of MGfert was 3.0 times higher compared to that in the AL. The DM yields of AL and MG were also influenced by the long-term change of soil properties. Our results showed that Corg sequestration in AL was faster (0.455 Mg ha−1 year−1) than that in MGfert (0.321 Mg ha−1 year−1). These studies will be important in Arenosol for selecting the method for transforming low-productivity arable land into MG.

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