scholarly journals Comparison of BTX Profiles and Their Mutagenicity Assessment at Two Sites of Agra, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyoma Singla ◽  
Tripti Pachauri ◽  
Aparna Satsangi ◽  
K. Maharaj Kumari ◽  
Anita Lakhani
Keyword(s):  
Base Pair ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Tropospheric Chemistry ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Frame Shift ◽  
Mutagenic Response ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Petrol Pump

In the present study, the concentrations of three volatile organic compounds (VOCs), namely, acronym for benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX) were assessed because of their role in the tropospheric chemistry. Two representative sites, a roadside and a petrol pump, were chosen for sample collection. VOCs were collected using SKC-activated charcoal tubes and SKC personal sampler and characterized by gas chromatograph using flame ionization detector. Among BTX, benzene had the highest concentration. At the roadside, mean concentration of benzene, toluene, o-,m-xylene, and p-xylene were 14.7 ± 2.4 μgm−3, 8.1 ± 1.2 μgm−3, 2.1 ± 0.8 μgm−3, and 5.1 ± 1.2 μgm−3, respectively. At the petrol pump, the mean concentrations of benzene, toluene, o-,m-xylene and p-xylene were 19.5 ± 3.7 μgm−3, 12.9 ± 1.1 μgm−3, 3.6 ± 0.5 μgm−3and 11.1 ± 1.5 μgm−3, respectively, and were numerically higher by a fraction of 2. Monthly variation of BTX showed maximum concentration in winter. Inter-species ratios and inter-species correlation indicated traffic as the major source of BTX. Extracts of samples were positive in both Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98 and TA100 without metabolic activation suggesting the presence of direct mutagens in ambient air that can cause both frame-shift and base-pair mutation. The mutagenic response was greater for TA100 than TA98 suggesting greater activity for base-pair mutagenicity than frame-shift mutagenicity and was found to be statistically significant.

scholarly journals Concentrations of Benzene, Toluene and Xylene (BTX) in Ambient air of Rohtak city, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Poonam Dalal ◽  
Vinay Malik ◽  
Dhruva Chaudhry ◽  
Vineeta Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Traffic Intersection ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Petrol Pump

Environmental monitoring of a particular locality is very important because it has become a serious threat to human beings.The levels of benzene, toluene and xylene of Rohtak (one of the districts of Haryana) were monitored by Passive sampling method.  The air samples collected from six different sites using thermal desorption tube were analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detector (FID).  Among all the selected sites, levels of benzene were found maximum at petrol pump as compared to the residential site, traffic intersection and industrial area.  During winter season the BTX level was higher (Benzene: 4.3, 16.5, 12.2, 7.6, 22.3 and 15.6 µg/m3, Toluene: 16.3, 56.2, 30.9, 40.8, 55.5 and 50.2 µg/m3, Xylene: 6.3, 9.6, 8.5, 8.9, 9.2 and 8.4 µg/m3) as compared to summer (Benzene: 4.0, 12.6, 8.5, 8.8, 12.3 and 10.8 µg/m3, Toluene: 38.2, 53.1, 39.8, 42.6, 49.6 and 47.2 µg/m3 xylene: 2.3, 8.4, 6.8, 8.0, 7.5 and 5.4 µg/m3) and monsoon (Benzene: 2.3, 7.2, 5.6, 6.0, 7.0 and 7.4 µg/m3, Toluene: 5.0, 24.0, 14.5, 16.3, 24.8 and 24.6 µg/m3, Xylene: 1.8, 6.6, 4.2, 6.3, 6.6 and 6.4 µg/m3) seasons among all the sites. The levels of toluene were observed three times higher (50.2 µg/m3) than the benzene (15.6 µg/m3). The benzene level at petrol pump, industrial area and traffic intersection were observed higher than the standard values.

scholarly journals Ambient Air Measurement of Benzene, Toluene and Xylene Within a Nigerian Petroleum Products Depot and Its Host Environment Using Carbon Adsorption and GC-FID Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Ismail Eniola Muhibbu-din
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Disulphide ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Air Sampler ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Air Concentrations

Health effects of benzene, toluene and xylene emissions from a Nigerian Petroleum Products depot make stringent adherence to maximum allowable concentration very important. The storage facilities and distribution network and other installations of petroleum products depot are significant sources of benzene, toluene and xylene therefore ambient air of the depot requires observation and assessment. The ambient air concentrations of BTX were been measured within Pipelines and Product Marketing Company, Mosimi Depot and its immediate environment. Air samples were collected on granular activated charcoal through low volume air sampler and extracted with carbon disulphide (CS2) by desorption process.The extracted solutions were subjected to Flame Ionization Detection analysis in a gas chromatograph (Model: HP 6890) using a capillary column HP 5MS with length, inner diameter and particle size set at 30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm. The gas chromatograph was powered with chemstation RevA09.01 [1206] software to determine the concentrations of each of the identified VOCs species. The concentrations of benzene, toluene, p xylene, m xylene and o xylene ranged between 0.0104 - 0.0711, 0.0019 - 0.0998, 0.0010 - 0.0022, 0.0014 - 0.0026 and 0.0006 0.0019 mg/m3 respectively. The mean values were 0.0277, 0.0389, 0.0013, 0.0019 and 0.00010 mg/m3, respectively. On the average, the observed concentrations did not exceed the tolerance (air concentrations) limits set for Nigeria environment by the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA).

Mutagenicity of Bisbenzimidazole Derivatives

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filiz Susuz Alanyalı ◽  
Merve Arıcı ◽  
Öge Artagan ◽  
İlhan Işıkdağ ◽  
Yusuf Özkay
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Base Pair ◽  
Frameshift Mutation ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Mutagenic Response ◽  
Base Pair Substitution ◽  
Incorporation Assay ◽  
Substitution Mutation

The mutagenicities of 2,2’-(di-3-hydroxyphenyl)-1H,1H’-[5,5’]-bisbenzimidazole, 2,2’-(di- 4-hy droxyphenyl)-1H,1H’-[5,5’]-bisbenzimidazole, 2,2’-(di-3-methoxyphenyl)-1H,1H’-[5,5’]- bisbenzimidazole, 2,2’-bis-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H,1H’-[5,5’]-bisbenzimidazole, 2,2’-bis-(3-nitrophenyl)- 1H,1H’-[5,5’]-bisbenzimidazole, 2,2’-bis-(4-methylphenyl)-1H,1H’-[5,5’]-bisbenzimidazole, 2,2’-(di-4-methoxyphenyl)-1H,1H’-[5,5’]-bisbenzimidazole, and 2,2’-bis-(3-me thylphenyl)- 1H,1H’-[5,5’]-bisbenzimidazole were studied in vitro using two strains of Salmonella typhimurium with frameshift mutation (TA98) and base-pair substitution mutation (TA100) as the plate incorporation assay in the absence of metabolic activation. These compounds are currently used to treat cancer. 4-Nitrophenyl and 3-nitrophenyl compounds were found to be mutagenic on both strains of Salmonella. A clear mutagenic response was seen in nitro-bound derivatives. The mutagenic response in Salmonella test strains (TA98, TA100) and structures of molecules suggest that nitro-bound molecules could be mutagenic.

scholarly journals Identification and quantification of organic pollutants in the air of the city of Astana using solid phase microextraction

2017 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Dina Orazbayeva ◽  
Ulzhalgas Karatayeva ◽  
Kulzhan Beysembayeva ◽  
Kulyash Meyramkulova
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
The City

Solid-phase microextraction in combination with gas chromatography and mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene (BTEX), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and for identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient air of the city of Astana, Kazakhstan. The screening of the samples showed the presence of mono- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes, alkenes, phenols, and benzaldehydes. The concentrations of naphthalene were 5-7 times higher than the permissible value, it was detected in all studied air samples. Average concentration of naphthalene was 18.4 μg/m3, acenaphthylene – 0.54 μg/m3, acenaphthene – 1.63 μg/m3, fluorene – 0.79 μg/m3, anthracene – 3.27 μg/m3, phenanthrene – 0.22 μg/m3, fluorantene – 0.74 μg/m3, pyrene – 0.73 μg/m3. Average concentrations of BTEX in the studied samples were 31.1, 84.9, 10.8 and 11.6 μg/m3, respectively. Based on the statistical analysis of the concentrations of BTEX and PAH, the main source of city air pollution with them was assumed to be vehicle emissions.

Environmental Genotoxicity in an Estonian Oil Shale Industrial Area

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-422
Author(s):  
Reet Pruul ◽  
Lars Nyland ◽  
Kimmo Peltonen ◽  
Marja Sorsa ◽  
Toomas Veidebaum
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Oil Shale Ash ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Shale Ash

The genotoxicity of environmental samples (ambient air, drinking and river waters, purified waste water and oil shale ash) from an oil shale mining and processing area was studied by using the Ames Salmonella/microsome assay. Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and YG1021 were used, with and without metabolic activation with rat liver homogenate S9. The water samples were treated with amberlite adsorbent XAD-2 for concentrating non-polar compounds. The air samples were collected on glass fibre filters by using a high volume air sampler, and extracted with dichloromethane by using a Soxhlet apparatus. The air samples were mutagenic in both strains, both with and without S9-mix. The air mutagenicity data were compared with data from similar tests on cigarette smoke condensate as a positive control. Based on the fact that the average 8-hour respiratory volume at occupational activities is between 10m3 and 20m3, the load of airborne mutagenicity at the cokery plant during one week was estimated to be equal to the mutagenicity produced by the mainstream smoke of one cigarette. The drinking and river water samples were tested with both strains, but no dose-related increases in water counts per plate were noted. The oil shale ash sample showed no mutagenic activity, but showed cytotoxicity at the higher doses tested.

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