scholarly journals Design and Control of Glycerol-tert-Butyl Alcohol Etherification Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Vlad ◽  
Costin Sorin Bildea ◽  
Grigore Bozga
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Extractive Distillation ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Distillation Columns ◽  
Control Structures ◽  
Amberlyst 15 ◽  
Plantwide Control ◽  
The Stability

Design, economics, and plantwide control of a glycerol-tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) etherification plant are presented. The reaction takes place in liquid phase, in a plug flow reactor, using Amberlyst 15 as a catalyst. The products' separation is achieved by two distillation columns where high-purity ethers are obtained and a section involving extractive distillation with 1,4-butanediol as solvent, which separates TBA from the TBA/water azeotrope. Details of design performed in AspenPlus and an economic evaluation of the process are given. Three plantwide control structures are examined using a mass balance model of the plant. The preferred control structure fixes the fresh glycerol flow rate and the ratio glycerol + monoether : TBA at reactor-inlet. The stability and robustness in the operation are checked by rigorous dynamic simulation in AspenDynamics.

scholarly journals Robust generic model feedback under model uncertainties: Application of a tubular reactor for the treatment of industrial plating wastewater

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Aguilar-López ◽  
Ricardo Acevedo-Gómez ◽  
Marí­a Isabel Neria González ◽  
Alma Rosa Domí­nguez-Bocanegra
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Generic Model ◽  
Model Uncertainties ◽  
Kinetic Rate ◽  
Integral Action ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Plating Wastewater

The goal of this work is to describe the design of a feedback controller to regulate the Hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) concentration in industrial plating wastewater in a tubular reactor. Cr(VI) is a major pollutant present in industrial wastewaters common to the metal and mineral processing as well as to plating industries. For control purposes, a dynamic model of a plug flow reactor with dispersion is developed in the form of partial differential equations (PDE) via applying classical conservation principles; this model is experimentally corroborated using laboratory data. The proposed controller is based on uncertainty observer to infer unknown terms as diffusive transport and Cr(VI) kinetic rate; also Generic Model Controller (GMC) is coupled with this estimation methodology to provide robustness against model uncertainties. The controller leads to nonlinear PID plus double integral action, where the tuning rules are given in terms of the observer and GMC gains. A theoretical frame is given in order to show the stability properties of the closed-loop system under the proposed controller. Numerical simulation illustrates performance of the methodology proposed; a comparison with observer based I/O linearizing controller and a well tuned PID controller is done, which allows concluding that the observer based Generic Model Controller exhibits better performance.

Conversion of Biodiesel By-Product Glycerol to Fuel Ethers over Different Solid Acid Catalysts

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalan Ozbay ◽  
Nuray Oktar ◽  
Gulsen Dogu ◽  
Timur Dogu
Keyword(s):  
Solid Acid ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Amberlyst 15 ◽  
Continuous Flow Reactor ◽  
Tert Butyl Alcohol

In this study, the etherification reaction of glycerol (G) with tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) was investigated for the production of high quality transportation fuel additives. The reaction was carried out in liquid phase, in a continuous flow reactor in the presence of various solid acid catalysts. Activities of acidic resin catalysts, such as Amberlyst-15 (A-15), Amberlyst-16 (A-16) and Amberlyst-35 (A-35), Nafion-SAC-13 and ?-alumina were compared. Significant increase in conversion was observed with an increase in temperature. Amberlyst 15 showed the highest activity at about 110°C, giving glycerol conversion values of about 0.5 at a space time of 18 g cm-3 s. However, A-16 gave higher di-ether selectivity values. Nafion-SAC-13 showed activity at higher temperatures, while the activity of ?-alumina was very low, even at 400°C.

A stochastic model for two-station hydraulics exhibiting transient impact

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Jacobsen ◽  
H. Madsen ◽  
P. Harremoès
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Stochastic Methods ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Water Level Variation ◽  
Deterministic Description ◽  
Linear Reservoir

The objective of the paper is to interpret data on water level variation in a river affected by overflow from a sewer system during rain. The simplest possible, hydraulic description is combined with stochastic methods for data analysis and model parameter estimation. This combination of deterministic and stochastic interpretation is called grey box modelling. As a deterministic description the linear reservoir approximation is used. A series of linear reservoirs in sufficient number will approximate a plug flow reactor. The choice of number is an empirical expression of the longitudinal dispersion in the river. This approximation is expected to be a sufficiently good approximation as a tool for the ultimate aim: the description of pollutant transport in the river. The grey box modelling involves a statistical tool for estimation of the parameters in the deterministic model. The advantage is that the parameters have physical meaning, as opposed to many other statistically estimated, empirical parameters. The identifiability of each parameter, the uncertainty of the parameter estimation and the overall uncertainty of the simulation are determined.

Efficient Production of Light Olefin Based on Methanol Dehydration: Simulation and Design Improvement

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Majid Abdoli ◽  
Mahsa Kianinia
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Ether ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Light Olefins ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Light Olefin ◽  
Aspen Hysys ◽  
Improved Design

Background: Ethylene, propylene, and butylene as light olefins are the most important intermediates in the petrochemical industry worldwide. Methanol to olefins (MTO) process is a new technology based on catalytic cracking to produce ethylene and propylene from methanol. Aims and Objective: This study aims to simulate the process of producing ethylene from methanol by using Aspen HYSYS software from the initial design to the improved design. Methods: Ethylene is produced in a two-step reaction. In an equilibrium reactor, the methanol is converted to dimethyl ether by an equilibrium reaction. The conversion of the produced dimethyl ether to ethylene is done in a conversion reactor. Changes have been made to improve the conditions and get closer to the actual process design done in the industry. The plug flow reactor has been replaced by the equilibrium reactor, and the distillation column was employed to separate the dimethyl ether produced from the reactor. Result and Conclusion: The effect of the various parameters on the ethylene production was investigated. Eventually, ethylene is

Enhancing Fenton-like oxidation of crystal violet over Fe/ZSM-5 in a plug flow reactor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Modarresi-Motlagh ◽  
Fatemeh Bahadori ◽  
Mohammad Ghadiri ◽  
Arash Afghan
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Plug Flow Reactor

scholarly journals The Effect of Mg and Zn Dopants on Pt/Al2O3 for the Dehydrogenation of Perhydrodibenzyltoluene

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 490
Author(s):  
Rudaviro Garidzirai ◽  
Phillimon Modisha ◽  
Innocent Shuro ◽  
Jacobus Visagie ◽  
Pieter van Helden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Programmed

The effects of Mg and Zn dopants on the catalytic performance of Pt/Al2O3 catalyst were investigated for dehydrogenation of perhydrodibenzyltoluene (H18-DBT) as a liquid organic hydrogen carrier. Al2O3 supports were modified with Mg and Zn to produce Mg-Al2O3 and Zn-Al2O3 with a target loading of 3.8 wt.% for dopants. The modified supports were impregnated with chloroplatinic acid solution to produce the catalysts Pt/Al2O3, Pt/Mg-Al2O3 and Pt/Zn-Al2O3 of 0.5 wt.% Pt loading. Thereafter, the catalysts were characterised using inductively coupled plasma- optical emission spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction, carbon-monoxide pulse chemisorption, ammonia temperature-programmed desorption, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The dehydrogenation experiments were performed using a horizontal plug flow reactor system and the catalyst time-on-stream was 22 h. Pt/Mg-Al2O3 showed the highest average hydrogen flowrate of 29 nL/h, while an average of 27 nL/h was obtained for both Pt/Al2O3 and Pt/Zn-Al2O3. This has resulted in a hydrogen yield of 80% for Pt/Mg-Al2O3, 71% for Pt/Zn-Al2O3 and 73% for Pt/Al2O3. In addition, the conversion of H18-DBT ranges from 99% to 92%, Pt 97–90% and 96–90% for Pt/Mg-Al2O3, Pt/Zn-Al2O3 and Pt/Al2O3, respectively. Following the latter catalyst order, the selectivity to dibenzyltoluene (H0-DBT) ranges from 78% to 57%, 75–51% and 71–45%. Therefore, Pt/Mg-Al2O3 showed improved catalytic performance towards dehydrogenation of H18-DBT.

Anaerobic digestion of pineapple pulp and peel in a plug-flow reactor

2012 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pimjai Namsree ◽  
Worakrit Suvajittanont ◽  
Chureerat Puttanlek ◽  
Dudsadee Uttapap ◽  
Vilai Rungsardthong
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Plug Flow Reactor ◽  
Pineapple Pulp

Optimization of esterification of fatty acid rubber seed oil for methyl ester synthesis in a plug flow reactor

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 720-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tho Dinh Son Van ◽  
Nghia Phan Trung ◽  
Vu Nguyen Anh ◽  
Huong Nguyen Lan ◽  
Anh To Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Plug Flow Reactor ◽  
Ester Synthesis ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed
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