scholarly journals Characterization of the pixB gene in Xenorhabdus nematophila and discovery of a new gene family

Microbiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 164 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lucas ◽  
Mary Goetsch ◽  
Matt Fischer ◽  
Steven Forst
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Xenorhabdus Nematophila ◽  
New Gene

scholarly journals The awr Gene Family Encodes a Novel Class of Ralstonia solanacearum Type III Effectors Displaying Virulence and Avirulence Activities

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 941-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Solé ◽  
Crina Popa ◽  
Oriane Mith ◽  
Kee Hoon Sohn ◽  
Jonathan D. G. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Tomato Dc3000 ◽  
Type Iii Effectors ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
New Gene ◽  
Transient Overexpression ◽  
Effector Recognition

We present here the characterization of a new gene family, awr, found in all sequenced Ralstonia solanacearum strains and in other bacterial pathogens. We demonstrate that the five paralogues in strain GMI1000 encode type III-secreted effectors and that deletion of all awr genes severely impairs its capacity to multiply in natural host plants. Complementation studies show that the AWR (alanine-tryptophan-arginine tryad) effectors display some functional redundancy, although AWR2 is the major contributor to virulence. In contrast, the strain devoid of all awr genes (Δawr1-5) exhibits enhanced pathogenicity on Arabidopsis plants. A gain-of-function approach expressing AWR in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 proves that this is likely due to effector recognition, because AWR5 and AWR4 restrict growth of this bacterium in Arabidopsis. Transient overexpression of AWR in nonhost tobacco species caused macroscopic cell death to varying extents, which, in the case of AWR5, shows characteristics of a typical hypersensitive response. Our work demonstrates that AWR, which show no similarity to any protein with known function, can specify either virulence or avirulence in the interaction of R. solanacearum with its plant hosts.

Characterization of a new gene family developing pleiotropic phenotypes upon mutation inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

1995 ◽  
Vol 1263 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Revardel ◽  
Marc Bonneau ◽  
Pascal Durrens ◽  
Michel Aigle
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
New Gene

scholarly journals Nocardia sp. Carboxylic Acid Reductase: Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of a New Aldehyde Oxidoreductase Family

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1874-1881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimin He ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Lacy Daniels ◽  
Ian Fotheringham ◽  
John P. N. Rosazza
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Affinity Tag ◽  
Aldehyde Oxidoreductase ◽  
Nocardia Sp ◽  
New Gene ◽  
Ferulic Acids

ABSTRACT We have cloned, sequenced, and expressed the gene for a unique ATP- and NADPH-dependent carboxylic acid reductase (CAR) from a Nocardia species that reduces carboxylic acids to their corresponding aldehydes. Recombinant CAR containing an N-terminal histidine affinity tag had Km values for benzoate, ATP, and NADPH that were similar to those for natural CAR, and recombinant CAR reduced benzoic, vanillic, and ferulic acids to their corresponding aldehydes. car is the first example of a new gene family encoding oxidoreductases with remote acyl adenylation and reductase sites.

Whole-Genome Sequence Characterization of Primary Auxin-Responsive Aux/IAA Gene Family in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 688-694
Author(s):  
Yi-Jun WANG ◽  
Yan-Ping LÜ ◽  
Qin XIE ◽  
De-Xiang DENG ◽  
Yun-Long BIAN
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Sequence Characterization ◽  
I Gene

Genome-wide Characterization of Major Intrinsic Protein (MIP) Gene Family in Brachypodium distachyon

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 536-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankush Ashok Saddhe ◽  
Shweta ◽  
Kareem A. Mosa ◽  
Kundan Kumar ◽  
Manoj Prasad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Major Intrinsic Protein ◽  
Intrinsic Protein ◽  
Genome Wide

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization Of Rice R Genes: Evidence for Distinct Evolutionary Paths in Rice and Maize

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 1021-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianping Hu ◽  
Beth Anderson ◽  
Susan R Wessler
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
R Gene ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Undetermined Function ◽  
Evolutionary Paths

Abstract R and B genes and their homologues encode basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional activators that regulate the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in flowering plants. In maize, R/B genes comprise a very small gene family whose organization reflects the unique evolutionary history and genome architecture of maize. To know whether the organization of the R gene family could provide information about the origins of the distantly related grass rice, we characterized members of the R gene family from rice Oryza sativa. Despite being a true diploid, O. sativa has at least two R genes. An active homologue (Ra) with extensive homology with other R genes is located at a position on chromosome 4 previously shown to be in synteny with regions of maize chromosomes 2 and 10 that contain the B and R loci, respectively. A second rice R gene (Rb) of undetermined function was identified on chromosome 1 and found to be present only in rice species with AA genomes. All non-AA species have but one R gene that is Ra-like. These data suggest that the common ancestor shared by maize and rice had a single R gene and that the small R gene families of grasses have arisen recently and independently.

scholarly journals Biochemical characterization of specific Alanine Decarboxylase (AlaDC) and its ancestral enzyme Serine Decarboxylase (SDC) in tea plants (Camellia sinensis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peixian Bai ◽  
Liyuan Wang ◽  
Kang Wei ◽  
Li Ruan ◽  
Liyun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Duplication ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Protein Sequences ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
New Gene ◽  
Tea Plants

Abstract Background Alanine decarboxylase (AlaDC), specifically present in tea plants, is crucial for theanine biosynthesis. Serine decarboxylase (SDC), found in many plants, is a protein most closely related to AlaDC. To investigate whether the new gene AlaDC originate from gene SDC and to determine the biochemical properties of the two proteins from Camellia sinensis, the sequences of CsAlaDC and CsSDC were analyzed and the two proteins were over-expressed, purified, and characterized. Results The results showed that exon-intron structures of AlaDC and SDC were quite similar and the protein sequences, encoded by the two genes, shared a high similarity of 85.1%, revealing that new gene AlaDC originated from SDC by gene duplication. CsAlaDC and CsSDC catalyzed the decarboxylation of alanine and serine, respectively. CsAlaDC and CsSDC exhibited the optimal activities at 45 °C (pH 8.0) and 40 °C (pH 7.0), respectively. CsAlaDC was stable under 30 °C (pH 7.0) and CsSDC was stable under 40 °C (pH 6.0–8.0). The activities of the two enzymes were greatly enhanced by the presence of pyridoxal-5′-phosphate. The specific activity of CsSDC (30,488 IU/mg) was 8.8-fold higher than that of CsAlaDC (3467 IU/mg). Conclusions Comparing to CsAlaDC, its ancestral enzyme CsSDC exhibited a higher specific activity and a better thermal and pH stability, indicating that CsSDC acquired the optimized function after a longer evolutionary period. The biochemical properties of CsAlaDC might offer reference for theanine industrial production.

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