scholarly journals Changing ideas about eukaryotic origins

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1678) ◽  
pp. 20140318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom A. Williams ◽  
T. Martin Embley
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Statistical Approaches ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Improved Methods

The origin of eukaryotic cells is one of the most fascinating challenges in biology, and has inspired decades of controversy and debate. Recent work has led to major upheavals in our understanding of eukaryotic origins and has catalysed new debates about the roles of endosymbiosis and gene flow across the tree of life. Improved methods of phylogenetic analysis support scenarios in which the host cell for the mitochondrial endosymbiont was a member of the Archaea, and new technologies for sampling the genomes of environmental prokaryotes have allowed investigators to home in on closer relatives of founding symbiotic partners. The inference and interpretation of phylogenetic trees from genomic data remains at the centre of many of these debates, and there is increasing recognition that trees built using inadequate methods can prove misleading, whether describing the relationship of eukaryotes to other cells or the root of the universal tree. New statistical approaches show promise for addressing these questions but they come with their own computational challenges. The papers in this theme issue discuss recent progress on the origin of eukaryotic cells and genomes, highlight some of the ongoing debates, and suggest possible routes to future progress.

scholarly journals Constitutional democracy and technology in the age of artificial intelligence

2018 ◽  
Vol 376 (2133) ◽  
pp. 20180089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Nemitz
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Constitutional Democracy ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Internet Economy ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Technological Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Given the foreseeable pervasiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) in modern societies, it is legitimate and necessary to ask the question how this new technology must be shaped to support the maintenance and strengthening of constitutional democracy. This paper first describes the four core elements of today's digital power concentration, which need to be seen in cumulation and which, seen together, are both a threat to democracy and to functioning markets. It then recalls the experience with the lawless Internet and the relationship between technology and the law as it has developed in the Internet economy and the experience with GDPR before it moves on to the key question for AI in democracy, namely which of the challenges of AI can be safely and with good conscience left to ethics, and which challenges of AI need to be addressed by rules which are enforceable and encompass the legitimacy of democratic process, thus laws. The paper closes with a call for a new culture of incorporating the principles of democracy, rule of law and human rights by design in AI and a three-level technological impact assessment for new technologies like AI as a practical way forward for this purpose. This article is part of a theme issue ‘Governing artificial intelligence: ethical, legal, and technical opportunities and challenges’.

Sustentabilidade, cultura, lazer e a ocupação dos espaços públicos nas Cidades MIL

2021 ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
B. Machado Mazzetti ◽  
F. Chibás Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Body Awareness ◽  
Right To The City ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Body Practices ◽  
The Universe

This article seeks to reflect on the already existing and inseparable rela­ tionships between society, sustainability, culture and leisure, bringing to the core of the reflection the concept of MIL Cities (Media Information as a potential scenario for developing new urban, human, cul­ tural and technological. Initially, a review of the concept of leisure was made, addressing its foundational pillars and cultural contents, poste­ riorly the relationship between individual and quality of life in cities is explained, through body practices and body awareness, as well as through environmental practices and the promotion of an increasingly active and collective environmental awareness. The relationship of oc­ cupation, belonging and right to the city is also addressed and, precisely at this point, the potential for the use of new technologies by the private sector, public authorities and civil society in the construction and appli­ cation of possibilities that permeate the universe of MIL Cities.

Computer Mediated Collaboration

2009 ◽  
pp. 27-45
Author(s):  
Barrie Jo Price
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Engaged Learning ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Computer-mediated collaboration is examined through the lenses of societal change and the dynamic nature of technology. Trends and contributing factors are reviewed in the context of the difference between going to work and doing work and the implications for collaboration using technology to overcome distance and time. The demand to work in situations where propinquity does not define the relationship of information, resources, and managerial structure is reviewed. The confluence of social changes and new technologies is examined including the emergence of Web 2.0. Four themes are explored as subsets of computer-mediated collaboration: peer review, engaged learning, consensus building and self-reflection. Technology applications related to these themes are addressed. There is a brief section on the future in which emerging technologies are explored as they relate to computer-mediated collaboration, especially mobile devices and other technologies that represent a merger of existing tool sets.

Computer Mediated Collaboration

2011 ◽  
pp. 508-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barrie Jo Price
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Engaged Learning ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Computer-mediated collaboration is examined through the lenses of societal change and the dynamic nature of technology. Trends and contributing factors are reviewed in the context of the difference between going to work and doing work and the implications for collaboration using technology to overcome distance and time. The demand to work in situations where propinquity does not define the relationship of information, resources, and managerial structure is reviewed. The confluence of social changes and new technologies is examined including the emergence of Web 2.0. Four themes are explored as subsets of computer-mediated collaboration: peer review, engaged learning, consensus building and self-reflection. Technology applications related to these themes are addressed. There is a brief section on the future in which emerging technologies are explored as they relate to computer-mediated collaboration, especially mobile devices and other technologies that represent a merger of existing tool sets.

Incorporating Knowledge Management into E-Commerce Applications

2010 ◽  
pp. 975-982
Author(s):  
Sandra Moffett ◽  
Martin Doherty ◽  
Rodney McAdam
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Business World ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Employee Relationships ◽  
Business Function ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Knowledge Management (KM) is the process of critically managing knowledge to meet existing needs, identify and exploit existing and acquired knowledge assets and develop new opportunities (Quintas et al, 1997). With the emergence of knowledge-intensive industries, where organisations rely on knowledge of their staff for competitive advantage (Lustri et al., 2007), KM has become key for business success (Mu-jung et al., 2007). KM is now an integral business function (Zhou and Fink, 2003) in both traditional and internet-based businesses (Borges Tiago et al., 2007) to the extent that KM is now viewed essential for profit (Yang, 2008). It is widely acknowledged today that new technologies, in particular access to the Internet, tend to modify communication between stakeholders in the business world, such as relationships between the organisation and its clients, the internal functioning of the organisation, including enterprise-employee relationships and the relationship of the organisation with partners and suppliers. This integration to improve the functioning of the organisation to create value for all parties involved is referred to as Electronic Commerce (e-commerce, EC) (Turban et al, 2006).

scholarly journals Comparative genomics of Parolsenella catena and Libanicoccus massiliensis: Reclassification of Libanicoccus massiliensis as Parolsenella massiliensis comb. nov.

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1123-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuo Sakamoto ◽  
Nao Ikeyama ◽  
Takumi Murakami ◽  
Hiroshi Mori ◽  
Masahiro Yuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Monophyletic Cluster ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

Previous analyses based on 16S rRNA and hsp60 genes indicated that Parolsenella catena and Libanicoccus massiliensis were closely related to each other and formed a monophyletic cluster independent of the related Olsenella species. To clarify the relationship of these two species, we determined the genome sequence of P. catena JCM 31932T and compared it with that already sequenced for L. massiliensis Marseille-P3237T. Phylogenetic trees based on the concatenated 37 single-copy ribosomal proteins or RpoB robustly supported the relationship observed in the previous studies. Digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between P. catena JCM 31932T and L. massiliensis Marseille-P3237T were 32.6 and 87.8 %, respectively, indicating that P. catena JCM 31932T and L. massiliensis Marseille-P3237T are independent species. Alignment fraction and ANI values between the two genomes were 0.75 and 88.84 %, respectively, thus indicating that the two species should be classified into the same genus. The number of putative orthologous genes shared between the two genomes was 1321, which was significantly larger than those (482–928) reported between L. massiliensis Marseille-P3237T and other closely related species. In addition, the genome of P. catena JCM 31932T had a high degree of synteny conservation with that of L. massiliensis Marseille-P3237T. On the basis of these findings, we propose that L. massiliensis should be reclassified as Parolsenella massiliensis comb. nov.; the type strain is Marseille-P3237T (=JCM 33000T=CCUG 71182T).

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
James Livesey
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Commercial Society ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Public Credit ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter talks about the elements of a new “thin” culture that was created in the European provinces in the eighteenth century. The capacity to manage change depended on the capacity for innovation, for reorientation to new values and ideas. It focuses on innovation particularly on the way new ideas created new kinds of cultural capacity. Global transformation at the beginning of the late eighteenth century was breath-taking in its scope. Growth rates in countries around the Atlantic began to rise and compound themselves annually as prices of a set of basic commodities became integrated across and between continents. Growth in trade networks was paralleled by the extension of public credit networks that stretched out to old empires and newly independent ex-colonies alike, imposing new disciplines and transforming politics. As new technologies lowered transport costs, they made possible exchanges on a new scale and intensity. The chapter also provides evidence that the diffusion of a profusion of manufactured objects and new experiences altered psychological character and the relationship of the species to the rest of nature. Commercial society promised, or threatened, to alter everything, even the foundations of human personality.

scholarly journals Assessment of the marketing and innovative potential of synbiotic products with herbal biocorrector

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 01016
Author(s):  
Natalya Rodionova ◽  
Alexander Rodionov ◽  
Irina Shchetilina ◽  
Marina Manukowskaya ◽  
Mariya Rusanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Price Expectations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Catering ◽  
Innovative Potential ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents the results of studies of the relationship of potential consumers to new synbiotic products with predictably formed functional, prebiotic properties and biological activity. The assessment of the prospects of including the developed bioactive synbiotic products in the recipes of dishes of public catering enterprises and giving them functional properties is given. The main socio-demographic characteristics and preferences of consumers in relation to synbiotic products with compositions of bioactive plant components have been identified. The trends of needs change, their duality, dilemmas, reality and problems of the main drivers relevant to the modern consumer, price expectations, preferred options for introducing bioactive synbiotic products into the diet are revealed. The study allows us to draw a conclusion about the need to take into account when developing new technologies and reflect in the information and advertising materials the identified consumer expectations regarding the taste, usefulness, safety, convenience and authenticity of new products, including synbiotic with plant-based biological active components, and their Introduction into food recipes is a promising direction for the development of enterprises of the HoReCa segment. The results of the study, carried out with a focus on enterprises in the public catering sector, seem relevant, since the use of synbiotic products with herbal biological components is an expansion of opportunities for food and bio-technologies, public catering organizations with justified socio-economic effect.

scholarly journals Assessment of marketing potential of synbiotic products with bioactive plant components

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-157
Author(s):  
N. S. Rodionova ◽  
I. P. Shchetilina ◽  
N. A. Rodionova
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Promising Direction ◽  
Public Catering ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Economic Function ◽  
Plant Components

The increase in the intensity of work and the need to maintain health are one of the reasons for the transformation of the structure and characteristics of the needs of the population. These changes cause the active development of food technologies that perform the socio-economic function of providing the population with functional and therapeutic and prophylactic products that ensure health protection. The article presents the results of research on the relationship of potential consumers to new synbiotic products with predictable functional, prebiotic properties and biological activity. The article presents an assessment of the prospects of including the developed bioactive synbiotic products in the recipes of public catering enterprises and giving them functional properties. The main socio-demographic characteristics and preferences of consumers in relation to synbiotic products with compositions of bioactive plant components are revealed. Identified trends in needs, their dualism, dilemma, the reality and challenges of the main drivers relevant for the modern consumer, the expectation of prices, the preferred options for the introduction of bioactive synbiotic foods in formulation of food. The study concludes that it is necessary to take into account in the development of new technologies and reflect in information and advertising materials the identified expectations of consumers with regard to taste, usefulness, safety, convenience and authenticity of new products, including synbiotic with plant biological active components, and their introduction into recipes – a promising direction of development of enterprises of The Nores segment. The results of the study, carried out with a focus on enterprises in the catering sector, seem relevant, since the use of synbiotic products with plant biological components is an expansion of opportunities for food and biotechnology, catering organizations with a justified socio-economic effect.

Phylogeny and taxonomy of Meeboldia, Sinodielsia and their relatives (Apiaceae: Apioideae) inferred from nrDNA ITS, plastid DNA intron (rpl16 and rps16) sequences and morphological characters

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 482 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-142
Author(s):  
WEI GOU ◽  
XIAN-LIN GUO ◽  
SONG-DONG ZHOU ◽  
XING-JIN HE
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Nrdna Its ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ribosomal Dna Sequence

Meeboldia H.Wolff, Sinodielsia H.Wolff and their relatives (Apiaceae: Apioideae) are similar in morphology, of which taxonomic treatments were controversial. In this study, the nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence (ITS) and two plastid DNA markers (rps16 and rpl16) were applied to reconstruct phylogenetic trees. The results demonstrated that Meeboldia and Sinodielsia formed a monophyletic group in phylogenetic trees and their highly similar morphological characteristics in taproot, basal leaves, calyx teeth, ribs, and vittae of fruits also confirmed their close relationships. Consequently, the following results were obtained: (1) Sinodielsia should be merged into Meeboldia; (2) Sinodielsia delavayi was confirmed conspecific with Meeboldia yunnanensis and renamed as Meeboldia delavayi (Franch.) W.Gou & X.J.He; (3) Sinodielsia thibetica was away from other Sinodielsia species; (4) Sinodielsia microloba was a member of Meeboldia and renamed as Meeboldia microloba (Kljuykov) W.Gou & X.J.He; (5) The name of Sinodielsia clade was suggested to be replaced by Hymenidium clade. We applied multiple approaches to explore the relationship of morphologically similar taxa, which will facilitate a deep understanding of taxonomy and species diversity of Apiaceae.

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