scholarly journals The BRAIN Initiative: developing technology to catalyse neuroscience discovery

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1668) ◽  
pp. 20140164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyric A. Jorgenson ◽  
William T. Newsome ◽  
David J. Anderson ◽  
Cornelia I. Bargmann ◽  
Emery N. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Research ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
The Past ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Brain

The evolution of the field of neuroscience has been propelled by the advent of novel technological capabilities, and the pace at which these capabilities are being developed has accelerated dramatically in the past decade. Capitalizing on this momentum, the United States launched the Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiative to develop and apply new tools and technologies for revolutionizing our understanding of the brain. In this article, we review the scientific vision for this initiative set forth by the National Institutes of Health and discuss its implications for the future of neuroscience research. Particular emphasis is given to its potential impact on the mapping and study of neural circuits, and how this knowledge will transform our understanding of the complexity of the human brain and its diverse array of behaviours, perceptions, thoughts and emotions.

scholarly journals Nanotechnology for the Brain

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (01) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Alan S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Brain Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Nanowire Arrays ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Brain

This article explores various nanotechnology-based programs conducted by different teams to study the brain. In the United States, the National Institutes of Health is leading the Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiative, a public–private program that will spend millions on research. The European Union has also proposed a similar effort that will focus on simulating the entire brain on supercomputers. Hongkun Park is developing nanowire arrays that can inject neurons with chemicals or measure electrical activity as it develops in the cell. Weiss and Anne Andrews, a professor of psychiatry at UCLA, have developed sensors that detect the important neurotransmitter, serotonin, by engineering surfaces that bond with it exclusively and not with related molecules. The next step is to create transducers that signal when sensors capture a serotonin molecule. Nanotechnology will play a vital role in that advance.

Is Brain Research Relevant for Music Education?

1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur W. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Brain Research ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Memory Recall ◽  
Musical Performances ◽  
The Past ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Musical Elements ◽  
The Brain

During the past several years Dr Harvey has presented seminars on ‘Music and the Brain’ throughout the United States and Canada. In the course of a weekend seminar in 1985 he was, once again, particularly impressed with the power of music to affect individuals in many different ways; musical performances (live and taped) evoked responses as diverse as excitement, tears, loneliness, increases in pulse rate, changes in breathing rate, spontaneous body movement, memory recall and imagery experiences. To understand just how the brain produces both biophysical and psychological responses to music requires a basic understanding of the human brain, the areas of the human personality affected through brain processes, and an awareness of the interactions of musical elements affecting us. In this article Dr Harvey outlines some of the directions of recent research.

Fishing for NTBs

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Import Competition ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nontariff Barriers ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Low Visibility ◽  
Potential Impact

Over the past decade, US catfish producers have been collectively engaging in protectionist rent seeking against lower-priced import competition, most notably from Vietnam. This one-sided strategy, which has ironically characterized the so-called Catfish Wars thus far, has lead to the imposition of several nontariff barriers (NTBs). For Vietnamese exporters, uncertainty as to trade conditions in the United States, including the ultimate impact of the low-visibility NTBs in existence, has been a persistent problem. This problem is characteristic of a contemporary phenomenon affecting exporters worldwide: the prevalence of disguised forms of protectionism. Viewing the Catfish Wars as a rent-seeking problem, this article discusses the incentives and other factors that lead to disguised protectionism. Further, it discusses how exporters doing business in the United States can reduce the potential impact of disguised protectionism though coordinating with consumer-oriented groups.

scholarly journals The Options and Limitations of the Brain Fingerprinting Lie Detection Method in the Criminal Proceeding1

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Árpád Budaházi ◽  
Zsanett Fantoly ◽  
Brigitta Kakuszi ◽  
István Bitter ◽  
Pál Czobor
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Lie Detection ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Fingerprinting

The aim of this study is to introduce the new lie detection method of brain fingerprinting already introduced in the United States of America. According to some scholars, the method of a brain-focused instrumental credibility examination of testimonies still unknown in Hungary is highly reliable, establishing their concept on their belief that the human brain does not lie. First of all, we shall examine the possibilities lying in the measure, and second of all, we shall introduce the doubts causing the delay of its admission in Hungary.

Space programmes will prioritise moon mining

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
State Initiatives ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
China And Japan ◽  
Potential Impact

Significance The potential benefits are so attractive that governments and firms have begun the groundwork. Over the past two years, the focus of commercial and state initiatives has shifted from asteroids to the moon. Impacts The United States, China and Japan are the likeliest candidates to mine in space. Water, as the basis for fuel, will be the most accessible and attractive resource initially. Orbital or lunar solar power stations are the technology with the greatest potential impact.

International Research and Variation in Views of Ethnicity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Ella Inglebret ◽  
Amy Skinder-Meredith ◽  
Shana Bailey ◽  
Carla Jones ◽  
Ashley France
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Classification System ◽  
International Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Scale ◽  
Publication Patterns

The authors in this article first identify the extent to which research articles published in three American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) journals included participants, age birth to 18 years, from international backgrounds (i.e., residence outside of the United States), and go on to describe associated publication patterns over the past 12 years. These patterns then provide a context for examining variation in the conceptualization of ethnicity on an international scale. Further, the authors examine terminology and categories used by 11 countries where research participants resided. Each country uses a unique classification system. Thus, it can be expected that descriptions of the ethnic characteristics of international participants involved in research published in ASHA journal articles will widely vary.

Proportion of Individuals With Past-Year Suicidal Ideation Who Attempted Suicide Over the Past 10 Years in the United States, and the Influence of Age and Sex

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Shannon Lange ◽  
Courtney Bagge ◽  
Charlotte Probst ◽  
Jürgen Rehm
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Age Category

Abstract. Background: In recent years, the rate of death by suicide has been increasing disproportionately among females and young adults in the United States. Presumably this trend has been mirrored by the proportion of individuals with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. Aim: We aimed to investigate whether the proportion of individuals in the United States with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide differed by age and/or sex, and whether this proportion has increased over time. Method: Individual-level data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2008–2017, were used to estimate the year-, age category-, and sex-specific proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. We then determined whether this proportion differed by age category, sex, and across years using random-effects meta-regression. Overall, age category- and sex-specific proportions across survey years were estimated using random-effects meta-analyses. Results: Although the proportion was found to be significantly higher among females and those aged 18–25 years, it had not significantly increased over the past 10 years. Limitations: Data were self-reported and restricted to past-year suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Conclusion: The increase in the death by suicide rate in the United States over the past 10 years was not mirrored by the proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide during this period.

EDITORIAL: Migration and competitiveness: Japan and the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Philip L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Key Sectors ◽  
Past Half

Japan and the United States, the world’s largest economies for most of the past half century, have very different immigration policies. Japan is the G7 economy most closed to immigrants, while the United States is the large economy most open to immigrants. Both Japan and the United States are debating how immigrants are and can con-tribute to the competitiveness of their economies in the 21st centuries. The papers in this special issue review the employment of and impacts of immigrants in some of the key sectors of the Japanese and US economies, including agriculture, health care, science and engineering, and construction and manufacturing. For example, in Japanese agriculture migrant trainees are a fixed cost to farmers during the three years they are in Japan, while US farmers who hire mostly unauthorized migrants hire and lay off workers as needed, making labour a variable cost.

Democratic Legitimacy

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Rosanvallon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
International Debate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Democratic Authority ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
Western Democracies

It's a commonplace occurrence that citizens in Western democracies are disaffected with their political leaders and traditional democratic institutions. But this book argues that this crisis of confidence is partly a crisis of understanding. The book makes the case that the sources of democratic legitimacy have shifted and multiplied over the past thirty years and that we need to comprehend and make better use of these new sources of legitimacy in order to strengthen our political self-belief and commitment to democracy. Drawing on examples from France and the United States, the book notes that there has been a major expansion of independent commissions, NGOs, regulatory authorities, and watchdogs in recent decades. At the same time, constitutional courts have become more willing and able to challenge legislatures. These institutional developments, which serve the democratic values of impartiality and reflexivity, have been accompanied by a new attentiveness to what the book calls the value of proximity, as governing structures have sought to find new spaces for minorities, the particular, and the local. To improve our democracies, we need to use these new sources of legitimacy more effectively and we need to incorporate them into our accounts of democratic government. This book is an original contribution to the vigorous international debate about democratic authority and legitimacy.

The Riddle of a Common History

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Tenorio-Trillo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Textbooks ◽  
Recent History ◽  
History Textbook ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Constant Part ◽  
Intrinsic Component

By identifying two general issues in recent history textbook controversies worldwide (oblivion and inclusion), this article examines understandings of the United States in Mexico's history textbooks (especially those of 1992) as a means to test the limits of historical imagining between U. S. and Mexican historiographies. Drawing lessons from recent European and Indian historiographical debates, the article argues that many of the historical clashes between the nationalist historiographies of Mexico and the United States could be taught as series of unsolved enigmas, ironies, and contradictions in the midst of a central enigma: the persistence of two nationalist historiographies incapable of contemplating their common ground. The article maintains that lo mexicano has been a constant part of the past and present of the US, and lo gringo an intrinsic component of Mexico's history. The di erences in their historical tracks have been made into monumental ontological oppositions, which are in fact two tracks—often overlapping—of the same and shared con ictual and complex experience.

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