scholarly journals What drives the evolution of hunter–gatherer subsistence technology? A reanalysis of the risk hypothesis with data from the Pacific Northwest

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1567) ◽  
pp. 1129-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Collard ◽  
Briggs Buchanan ◽  
Jesse Morin ◽  
Andre Costopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Northwest Coast ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Recent studies have suggested that the decisions that hunter–gatherers make about the diversity and complexity of their subsistence toolkits are strongly affected by risk of resource failure. However, the risk proxies and samples employed in these studies are potentially problematic. With this in mind, we retested the risk hypothesis with data from hunter–gatherer populations who lived in the northwest coast and plateau regions of the Pacific Northwest during the early contact period. We focused on these populations partly because the northwest coast and plateau differ in ways that can be expected to lead to differences in risk, and partly because of the availability of data for a wide range of risk-relevant variables. Our analyses suggest that the plateau was a more risky environment than the northwest coast. However, the predicted differences in the number and complexity of the populations' subsistence tools were not observed. The discrepancy between our results and those of previous tests of the risk hypothesis is not due to methodological differences. Rather, it seems to reflect an important but hitherto unappreciated feature of the relationship between risk and toolkit structure, namely that the impact of risk is dependent on the scale of the risk differences among populations.

scholarly journals Engineered feature used to enhance gardening at a 3800-year-old site on the Pacific Northwest Coast

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. e1601282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Hoffmann ◽  
Natasha Lyons ◽  
Debbie Miller ◽  
Alejandra Diaz ◽  
Amy Homan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Northwest Coast ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Pacific Northwest Coast ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Wild Plant Food

Humans use a variety of deliberate means to modify biologically rich environs in pursuit of resource stability and predictability. Empirical evidence suggests that ancient hunter-gatherer populations engineered ecological niches to enhance the productivity and availability of economically significant resources. An archaeological excavation of a 3800-year-old wetland garden in British Columbia, Canada, provides the first direct evidence of an engineered feature designed to facilitate wild plant food production among mid-to-late Holocene era complex fisher-hunter-gatherers of the Northwest Coast. This finding provides an example of environmental, economic, and sociopolitical coevolutionary relationships that are triggered when humans manipulate niche environs.

scholarly journals An ethic of care? Academic administration and pandemic policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 632-638
Author(s):  
Stephanie A Bryson
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Ethic Of Care ◽  
The Political ◽  
Academic Administration ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Impact

This reflexive essay examines the adoption of an intentional ‘ethic of care’ by social work administrators in a large social work school located in the Pacific Northwest. An ethic of care foregrounds networks of human interdependence that collapse the public/private divide. Moreover, rooted in the political theory of recognition, a care ethic responds to crisis by attending to individuals’ uniqueness and ‘whole particularity.’ Foremost, it rejects indifference. Through the personal recollections of one academic administrator, the impact of rejecting indifference in spring term 2020 is described. The essay concludes by linking the rejection of indifference to the national political landscape.

scholarly journals Hyaluronan and the Fascial Frontier

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6845
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Cell Behavior ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Extracellular Microenvironment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The buzz about hyaluronan (HA) is real. Whether found in face cream to increase water volume loss and viscoelasticity or injected into the knee to restore the properties of synovial fluid, the impact of HA can be recognized in many disciplines from dermatology to orthopedics. HA is the most abundant polysaccharide of the extracellular matrix of connective tissues. HA can impact cell behavior in specific ways by binding cellular HA receptors, which can influence signals that facilitate cell survival, proliferation, adhesion, as well as migration. Characteristics of HA, such as its abundance in a variety of tissues and its responsiveness to chemical, mechanical and hormonal modifications, has made HA an attractive molecule for a wide range of applications. Despite being discovered over 80 years ago, its properties within the world of fascia have only recently received attention. Our fascial system penetrates and envelopes all organs, muscles, bones and nerve fibers, providing the body with a functional structure and an environment that enables all bodily systems to operate in an integrated manner. Recognized interactions between cells and their HA-rich extracellular microenvironment support the importance of studying the relationship between HA and the body’s fascial system. From fasciacytes to chronic pain, this review aims to highlight the connections between HA and fascial health.

scholarly journals Causal Inference, International Law, And Maritime Disputes

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 389-393
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Appel
Keyword(s):  
Causal Inference ◽  
International Law ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
International Courts ◽  
Legal Scholarship ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Maritime Disputes ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Sara Mitchell and Andrew Owsiak's examination of the impact of UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and Article 287 declarations on the peaceful resolution of maritime disputes significantly advances the literature on the relationship between international law/international courts and maritime issues. To their credit, the authors employ a wide range of empirical tests in the article to provide readers with confidence in the empirical results. Nonetheless, there are some important limitations in their approach. Drawing on insights from the causal inference literature, I argue that Mitchell and Owsiak's empirical analyses suffer from two biases that both (1) raise concerns about the causal relationships identified in the article, and (2) suggest some important scope conditions in its empirical findings. I investigate the biases and propose suggestions for legal scholarship to produce more credible results.

Reappraising the Impact of Offending on Victimization: A Propensity Score Matching Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 2374-2390
Author(s):  
Chad Posick
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Existing evidence clearly supports an empirical connection between offending and victimization. Often called the “victim–offender overlap,” this relationship holds for both sexes, across the life course, and across a wide range of countries and cultural environments. In addition, the relationship is sustained regardless of the study sample and statistical methods applied in the analyses of the sample data. However, there has yet to be a study that examines this relationship for violent and property crime using quasi-experimental methods accounting for a wide range of potential confounders including individual differences and cultural contexts. This study subjects the victim–offender relationship to testing through propensity score matching for both violent and property crimes using an international dataset. The results show that previous violent and theft offending increases the odds of victimization when matching on individual and contextual factors. This finding supports previous literature and suggests that delinquent behavior may act as a “switch” that exposes one to subsequent violent and theft victimization.

Nootka: Indian Music of the Pacific Northwest Coast

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda J. Goodman ◽  
Ida Halpern
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Northwest Coast ◽  
Pacific Northwest Coast ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Indian Music
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