scholarly journals Carbon sequestration

2007 ◽  
Vol 363 (1492) ◽  
pp. 815-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rattan Lal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
First Century ◽  
Ancillary Benefits ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Climate Change Risks

Developing technologies to reduce the rate of increase of atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from annual emissions of 8.6 Pg C yr –1 from energy, process industry, land-use conversion and soil cultivation is an important issue of the twenty-first century. Of the three options of reducing the global energy use, developing low or no-carbon fuel and sequestering emissions, this manuscript describes processes for carbon (CO 2 ) sequestration and discusses abiotic and biotic technologies. Carbon sequestration implies transfer of atmospheric CO 2 into other long-lived global pools including oceanic, pedologic, biotic and geological strata to reduce the net rate of increase in atmospheric CO 2 . Engineering techniques of CO 2 injection in deep ocean, geological strata, old coal mines and oil wells, and saline aquifers along with mineral carbonation of CO 2 constitute abiotic techniques. These techniques have a large potential of thousands of Pg, are expensive, have leakage risks and may be available for routine use by 2025 and beyond. In comparison, biotic techniques are natural and cost-effective processes, have numerous ancillary benefits, are immediately applicable but have finite sink capacity. Biotic and abiotic C sequestration options have specific nitches, are complementary, and have potential to mitigate the climate change risks.

scholarly journals An economic analysis of afforestation as a carbon sequestration strategy in southwestern Ontario, Canada

SURG Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Nigel Gale ◽  
Janelle Trant ◽  
Thomas Schiks ◽  
Jake L'Ecuyer ◽  
Christopher Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Optimal Price

Afforestation, the establishment of trees in areas that have not been forested for at least 50 years, is one possible approach for carbon (C) sequestration to mitigate climate change. This study compares the costs and benefits of afforestation as a carbon sequestration strategy for Eden Mills, a village within Wellington County, Ontario, Canada aiming to achieve C neutrality. We provide net present value analyses for three potential planting schemes under subsidized and unsubsidized financial scenarios that aim to sequester 2012 tonnes of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) using traditional and novel calculations of C sequestration rates. We present the total project costs, the optimal price of C, and the potential for afforestation as a C sequestration tool in southern Ontario. Planting schemes employ mixtures of tree species common to the region. Unsubsidized schemes are projected to cost between $617,976-$1,499,904 (CAD) with the optimal price of CO2 between $6.15-$14.91 per tonne of C sequestered. A deciduous-dominated planting scheme requiring 24 hectares of land resulted in the lowest cost for all scenarios. Our analyses suggest that: 1) fast-growing tree species make afforestation projects more cost-effective, reducing costs by 29-59%; and 2) land management subsidies available to the region reduce costs by approximately 10%. Future cost-benefit analyses for afforestation projects should consider site-specific C sequestration rates and parameter sensitivity analysis when quantifying C absorption. Keywords: greenhouse gases; carbon sequestration; afforestation; cost-benefit analysis; net present value

scholarly journals Co-Designing Urban Carbon Sink Parks: Case Carbon Lane in Helsinki

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priit Tammeorg ◽  
Päivi Soronen ◽  
Anu Riikonen ◽  
Esko Salo ◽  
Suvi Tikka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Public Parks ◽  
Creation Process ◽  
Scientific Experimentation ◽  
Negative Emission ◽  
Negative Emission Technologies

In order to achieve the goals of carbon (C) neutrality within next 20 year, municipalities worldwide need to increasingly apply negative emission technologies. We focus on the main principles of urban demonstration areas using biochars for C sequestration and explore the lessons learned from a co-creation process of one such park, Hyväntoivonpuisto in Helsinki, Finland. Demonstration sites of urban C sinks in public parks must be safe, visible and scientifically sound for reliable and cost-effective verification of carbon sequestration. We find that different interests can be arbitrated and that synergy that emerges from co-creation of urban C sink parks between stakeholders (scientists, city officials, companies, and citizens) can result in demo areas with maximized potential for impact, dissemination and consideration of principles of scientific experimentation.

scholarly journals Coastal flood risk within a peri-urban area: SUSSEX Inlet district, SE Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Asbridge ◽  
D. Low Choy ◽  
B. Mackey ◽  
S. Serrao-Neumann ◽  
P. Taygfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Hazard Exposure ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Planning Strategies ◽  
Natural Resource Managers

AbstractThe peri-urban interface (PUI) exhibits characteristic qualities of both urban and rural regions, and this complexity has meant that risk assessments and long-term planning for PUI are lagging, despite these areas representing new developing settlement frontiers. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by modifying an existing approach to quantify and assess flood risk. The risk triangle framework was used to map exposure, vulnerability and biophysical variables; however, in a novel application, the risk triangle framework was adapted by presuming that there is a variation in the degree of exposure, vulnerability and biophysical variables. Within Australia and globally, PUIs are often coastal, and flood risk associated with rainfall and coastal inundation poses considerable risk to communities in the PUI; these risks will be further exacerbated should projections of increasing frequency of extreme rainfall events and accelerating sea-level rise eventuate. An indicator-based approach using the risk triangle framework that maps flood hazard, exposure and vulnerability was used to integrate the biophysical and socio-economic flooding risk for communities in PUI of the St Georges Basin and Sussex Inlet catchments of south-eastern Australia. Integrating the flood risk triangle with future scenarios of demographic and climate change, and considering factors that contribute to PUI flood risk, facilitated the identification of planning strategies that would reduce the future rate of increase in flood risk. These planning strategies are useful for natural resource managers and land use planners across Australia and globally, who are tasked with balancing socio-economic prosperity for a changing population, whilst maintaining and enhancing ecosystem services and values. The indicator-based approach used in this study provides a cost-effective first-pass risk assessment and is a valuable tool for decision makers planning for flood risk across PUIs in NSW and globally.

Significance of selected halocarbons monitoring in air samples collected in the Terra Nova Bay region (northern Victoria Land, Antarctica)

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Mangani ◽  
Michela Maione ◽  
Luciano Lattanzi
Keyword(s):  
Ross Sea ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Terra Nova Bay ◽  
Victoria Land ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Terra Nova ◽  
Concentration Levels

CCl3F (or CFC-11) and CCl2F2 (or CFC-12) were determined in air samples collected, during subsequent summer Antarctic campaigns, in different sampling sites in the Ross Sea Region. The samples were analysed by GC-ECD after enrichment. Data obtained since 1988–89 were plotted to observe the trend of CFCs atmospheric concentration levels. A decrease in the rate of increase of CFC-12 concentration was observed, whilst the concentration of CFC-11 was actually seen to be decreasing.

scholarly journals Brazilian Mangroves: Blue Carbon Hotspots of National and Global Relevance to Natural Climate Solutions

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre S. Rovai ◽  
Robert R. Twilley ◽  
Thomas A. Worthington ◽  
Pablo Riul
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Blue Carbon ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Nationally Determined Contributions ◽  
Natural Climate

Mangroves are known for large carbon stocks and high sequestration rates in biomass and soils, making these intertidal wetlands a cost-effective strategy for some nations to compensate for a portion of their carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, few countries have the national-level inventories required to support the inclusion of mangroves into national carbon credit markets. This is the case for Brazil, home of the second largest mangrove area in the world but lacking an integrated mangrove carbon inventory that captures the diversity of coastline types and climatic zones in which mangroves are present. Here we reviewed published datasets to derive the first integrated assessment of carbon stocks, carbon sequestration rates and potential CO2eq emissions across Brazilian mangroves. We found that Brazilian mangroves hold 8.5% of the global mangrove carbon stocks (biomass and soils combined). When compared to other Brazilian vegetated biomes, mangroves store up to 4.3 times more carbon in the top meter of soil and are second in biomass carbon stocks only to the Amazon forest. Moreover, organic carbon sequestration rates in Brazilian mangroves soils are 15–30% higher than recent global estimates; and integrated over the country’s area, they account for 13.5% of the carbon buried in world’s mangroves annually. Carbon sequestration in Brazilian mangroves woody biomass is 10% of carbon accumulation in mangrove woody biomass globally. Our study identifies Brazilian mangroves as a major global blue carbon hotspot and suggest that their loss could potentially release substantial amounts of CO2. This research provides a robust baseline for the consideration of mangroves into strategies to meet Brazil’s intended Nationally Determined Contributions.

scholarly journals Feature Identification for Non-Intrusively Extracting Occupant Energy-Use Information in Office Buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Nabizadeh Rafsanjani
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Feature Identification ◽  
Load Monitoring ◽  
Energy Consuming

Detailed energy-use information of office buildings’ occupants is necessary to implement proper simulation/intervention techniques. However, acquiring accurate occupant-specific energy consumption in office buildings at low cost is currently a challenging task since existing intrusive load monitoring (ILM) technologies require a large capital investment to provide high-resolution electricity usage data for individual occupants. On the other hand, non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) approaches have been proven as more cost effective and flexible approaches to provide energy-use information of individual appliances. Therefore, extending the concept of NILM to individual occupants would be beneficial. This paper proposes two occupancy-related energy-consuming features, delay interval and magnitude of power changes and evaluates their significances for extracting occupant-specific power changes in a non-intrusive manner. The proposed features were examined through implementing a logistic regression model as a predictor on aggregate energy load data collected from an office building. Hypotheses tests also confirmed that both features are statistically significant to non-intrusively derive individual occupants’ energy-use information. As the main contribution of this study, these features could be utilized in developing sophisticated NILM-based approaches to monitor individual occupant energy-consuming behavior.  

scholarly journals Technical Progress Report on Application and Development of Appropriate Tools and Technologies for Cost-Effective Carbon Sequestration

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Stanley ◽  
Patrick Gonzalez ◽  
Sandra Brown ◽  
Sarah Woodhouse Murdock ◽  
Jenny Henman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Technical Progress ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Progress Report

scholarly journals Application and Development of Appropriate Tools and Technologies for Cost-Effective Carbon Sequestration

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Stanley ◽  
Patrick Gonzalez ◽  
Sandra Brown ◽  
Jenny Henman ◽  
Sarah Woodhouse Murdock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Cost Effective

scholarly journals Glacial – interglacial atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> change: a simple "hypsometric effect" on deep-ocean carbon sequestration?

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Carbon Reservoir ◽  
Ocean Carbon

Abstract. Given the magnitude and dynamism of the deep marine carbon reservoir, it is almost certain that past glacial – interglacial fluctuations in atmospheric CO2 have relied at least in part on changes in the carbon storage capacity of the deep sea. To date, physical ocean circulation mechanisms that have been proposed as viable explanations for glacial – interglacial CO2 change have focussed almost exclusively on dynamical or kinetic processes. Here, a simple mechanism is proposed for increasing the carbon storage capacity of the deep sea that operates via changes in the volume of southern-sourced deep-water filling the ocean basins, as dictated by the hypsometry of the ocean floor. It is proposed that a water-mass that occupies more than the bottom 3 km of the ocean will essentially determine the carbon content of the marine reservoir. Hence by filling this interval with southern-sourced deep-water (enriched in dissolved CO2 due to its particular mode of formation) the amount of carbon sequestered in the deep sea may be greatly increased. A simple box-model is used to test this hypothesis, and to investigate its implications. It is suggested that up to 70% of the observed glacial – interglacial CO2 change might be explained by the replacement of northern-sourced deep-water below 2.5 km water depth by its southern counterpart. Most importantly, it is found that an increase in the volume of southern-sourced deep-water allows glacial CO2 levels to be simulated easily with only modest changes in Southern Ocean biological export or overturning. If incorporated into the list of contributing factors to marine carbon sequestration, this mechanism may help to significantly reduce the "deficit" of explained glacial – interglacial CO2 change.

scholarly journals Detection of urease and carbonic anhydrase activity using a rapid and economical field test to assess microbially-induced carbonate precipitation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Medina Ferrer ◽  
Kathryn Hobart ◽  
Jake V. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Activity ◽  
Soil Restoration ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Calcareous Fens ◽  
Molecular Approaches

ABSTRACTMicrobial precipitation of calcium carbonate has diverse engineering applications, from building and soil restoration, to carbon sequestration. Urease-mediated ureolysis and CO2 (de)hydration by carbonic anhydrase (CA) are known for their potential to precipitate carbonate minerals, yet many microbial community studies rely on marker gene or metagenomic approaches that are unable to determine in situ activity. Here, we developed fast and cost-effective tests for the field detection of urease and CA activity using pH-sensitive strips inside microcentrifuge tubes that change color in response to the reaction products of urease (NH3) and CA (CO2). Samples from a saline lake, a series of calcareous fens, and ferrous springs were assayed in the field, finding relatively high urease activity in lake samples, whereas CA activity was only detected in a ferrous spring. Incubations of lake microbes with urea resulted in significantly higher CaCO3 precipitation compared to incubations with a urease inhibitor. Therefore, the rapid assay indicated an on-site active metabolism potentially mediating carbonate mineralization. Field urease and CA activity assays complement molecular approaches and facilitate the search for carbonate-precipitating microbes and their in situ activity, which could be applied toward agriculture, engineering and carbon sequestration technologies.

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