scholarly journals Temporal and epigenetic regulation of neurodevelopmental plasticity

2007 ◽  
Vol 363 (1489) ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas D Allen
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Neural Progenitors ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Neural Lineage

The anticipated therapeutic uses of neural stem cells depend on their ability to retain a certain level of developmental plasticity. In particular, cells must respond to developmental manipulations designed to specify precise neural fates. Studies in vivo and in vitro have shown that the developmental potential of neural progenitor cells changes and becomes progressively restricted with time. For in vitro cultured neural progenitors, it is those derived from embryonic stem cells that exhibit the greatest developmental potential. It is clear that both extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms determine the developmental potential of neural progenitors and that epigenetic, or chromatin structural, changes regulate and coordinate hierarchical changes in fate-determining gene expression. Here, we review the temporal changes in developmental plasticity of neural progenitor cells and discuss the epigenetic mechanisms that underpin these changes. We propose that understanding the processes of epigenetic programming within the neural lineage is likely to lead to the development of more rationale strategies for cell reprogramming that may be used to expand the developmental potential of otherwise restricted progenitor populations.

Androgenetic Embryonic Stem Cells Form Neural Progenitor Cells In Vivo and In Vitro

Stem Cells ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1474-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo C. Dinger ◽  
Sigrid Eckardt ◽  
Soon Won Choi ◽  
Guadelupe Camarero ◽  
Satoshi Kurosaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Neural Progenitor

scholarly journals Induction of Recurrent Break Cluster Genes in Neural Progenitor Cells Differentiated from Embryonic Stem Cells In Culture

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aseda Tena ◽  
Yuxiang Zhang ◽  
Nia Kyritsis ◽  
Anne Devorak ◽  
Jeffrey Zurita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Neural Progenitors ◽  
Neural Genes ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Primary Mouse

ABSTRACTMild replication stress enhances appearance of dozens of robust recurrent genomic break clusters, termed RDCs, in cultured primary mouse neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs). Robust RDCs occur within genes (“RDC-genes”) that are long and have roles in neural cell communications and/or have been implicated in neuropsychiatric diseases or cancer. We sought to develop an in vitro approach to determine whether specific RDC formation is associated with neural development. For this purpose, we adapted a system to induce neural progenitor cell (NPC) development from mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines deficient for XRCC4 plus p53, a genotype that enhances DNA double-strand break (DSB) persistence to enhance detection. We tested for RDCs by our genome wide DSB identification approach that captures DSBs genome-wide via their ability to join to specific genomic Cas9/sgRNA-generated bait DSBs. In XRCC4/p53-deficient ES cells, we detected 7 RDCs, which were in genes, with two RDCs being robust. In contrast, in NPCs derived from these ES cell lines, we detected 29 RDCs, a large fraction of which were robust and associated with long, transcribed neural genes that were also robust RDC-genes in primary NSPCs. These studies suggest that many RDCs present in NSPCs are developmentally influenced to occur in this cell type and indicate that induced development of NPCs from ES cells provides an approach to rapidly elucidate mechanistic aspects of NPC RDC formation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe previously discovered a set of long neural genes susceptible to frequent DNA breaks in primary mouse brain progenitor cells. We termed these genes RDC-genes. RDC-gene breakage during brain development might alter neural gene function and contribute to neurological diseases and brain cancer. To provide an approach to characterize the unknown mechanism of neural RDC-gene breakage, we asked whether RDC-genes appear in neural progenitors differentiated from embryonic stem cells in culture. Indeed, robust RDC-genes appeared in neural progenitors differentiated in culture and many overlapped with robust RDC-genes in primary brain progenitors. These studies indicate that in vitro development of neural progenitors provides a model system for elucidating how RDC-genes are formed.

scholarly journals Transcriptional profiling of MEF2-regulated genes in human neural progenitor cells derived from embryonic stem cells

Genomics Data ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 24-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shing Fai Chan ◽  
Xiayu Huang ◽  
Scott R. McKercher ◽  
Rameez Zaidi ◽  
Shu-ichi Okamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Human Neural Progenitor Cells

scholarly journals Legume Lectin FRIL Preserves Neural Progenitor Cells in Suspension Culture In Vitro

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailei Yao ◽  
Xiaoyan Xie ◽  
Yanhua Li ◽  
Dongmei Wang ◽  
Shu Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Suspension Culture ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Legume Lectin ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation

In vitro maintenance of stem cells is crucial for many clinical applications. Stem cell preservation factor FRIL (Flt3 receptor-interacting lectin) is a plant lectin extracted fromDolichos Lablaband has been found preserve hematopoietic stem cells in vitro for a month in our previous studies. To investigate whether FRIL can preserve neural progenitor cells (NPCs), it was supplemented into serum-free suspension culture media. FRIL made NPC grow slowly, induced cell adhesion, and delayed neurospheres formation. However, FRIL did not initiate NPC differentiation according to immunofluorescence and semiquantitive RT-PCR results. In conclusion, FRIL could also preserve neural progenitor cells in vitro by inhibiting both cell proliferation and differentiation.

scholarly journals SBE6: a novel long-range enhancer involved in driving sonic hedgehog expression in neural progenitor cells

Open Biology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 160197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nezha S. Benabdallah ◽  
Philippe Gautier ◽  
Betul Hekimoglu-Balkan ◽  
Laura A. Lettice ◽  
Shipra Bhatia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Chromatin Profiling

The expression of genes with key roles in development is under very tight spatial and temporal control, mediated by enhancers. A classic example of this is the sonic hedgehog gene ( Shh ), which plays a pivotal role in the proliferation, differentiation and survival of neural progenitor cells both in vivo and in vitro. Shh expression in the brain is tightly controlled by several known enhancers that have been identified through genetic, genomic and functional assays. Using chromatin profiling during the differentiation of embryonic stem cells to neural progenitor cells, here we report the identification of a novel long-range enhancer for Shh—Shh-brain-enhancer-6 (SBE6)—that is located 100 kb upstream of Shh and that is required for the proper induction of Shh expression during this differentiation programme. This element is capable of driving expression in the vertebrate brain. Our study illustrates how a chromatin-focused approach, coupled to in vivo testing, can be used to identify new cell-type specific cis -regulatory elements, and points to yet further complexity in the control of Shh expression during embryonic brain development.

scholarly journals SOX1 Is Required for the Specification of Rostral Hindbrain Neural Progenitor Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

iScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 101475
Author(s):  
Xinyuan Liu ◽  
Zhuoqing Fang ◽  
Jing Wen ◽  
Fan Tang ◽  
Bing Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Neural Progenitor

scholarly journals DOT1L-mediated murine neuronal differentiation associates with H3K79me2 accumulation and preserves SOX2-enhancer accessibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Ferrari ◽  
Laura Arrigoni ◽  
Henriette Franz ◽  
Annalisa Izzo ◽  
Ludmila Butenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neuronal Differentiation ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Neural Progenitors ◽  
Murine Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Transcriptional State

Abstract During neuronal differentiation, the transcriptional profile and the epigenetic context of neural committed cells is subject to significant rearrangements, but a systematic quantification of global histone modification changes is still missing. Here, we show that H3K79me2 increases and H3K27ac decreases globally during in-vitro neuronal differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells. DOT1L mediates all three degrees of methylation of H3K79 and its enzymatic activity is critical to modulate cellular differentiation and reprogramming. In this context, we find that inhibition of DOT1L in neural progenitor cells biases the transcriptional state towards neuronal differentiation, resulting in transcriptional upregulation of genes marked with H3K27me3 on the promoter region. We further show that DOT1L inhibition affects accessibility of SOX2-bound enhancers and impairs SOX2 binding in neural progenitors. Our work provides evidence that DOT1L activity gates differentiation of progenitors by allowing SOX2-dependent transcription of stemness programs.

Survival and differentiation of neural progenitor cells derived from embryonic stem cells and transplanted into ischemic brain

2005 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Takagi ◽  
Masaki Nishimura ◽  
Asuka Morizane ◽  
Jun Takahashi ◽  
Kazuhiko Nozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Cell replacement therapy including the use of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) may represent a novel treatment for damage from stroke. In this study, the authors transplanted neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from ESCs into ischemic brain and analyzed their survival and differentiation. Methods. Multipotential NPCs were generated from ESCs by using the stromal cell—derived inducing activity method. These cells could differentiate in vitro into neurons, glia, and oligodendrocytes, thus revealing them to be neural stem cells. The NPCs were then transplanted into ischemic brain. At 2 weeks postischemia, the transplanted cells occupied 18.8 ± 2.5% of the hemispheric area; by 4 weeks postischemia, 26.5 ± 4% of the hemisphere. At 4 weeks after transplantation, green fluorescent protein (GFP)—positive transplanted cells showed mature neuronal morphological features. The authors also investigated the expression of differentiation markers and various neurotransmitters. Transplanted cells were immunopositive for neuronal nuclei, β-tubulin-III, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Of the GFP-positive cells, 33.3 ± 11.5% were positive for glutamate decarboxylase, 13.3 ± 5.8% for glutamate, 2.1 ± 2.5% for tyrosine hydroxylase, 1.8 ± 2% for serotonin, and 0.4 ± 0.2% for choline acetyltransferase. Conclusions. The authors confirmed the survival and differentiation of ESC-derived NPCs transplanted into the ischemic brain. Surviving transplanted cells expressed several neural markers and neurotransmitters. These findings indicate that these cells can function in the brain.

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