scholarly journals Development of a bio-optical model for the Barents Sea to quantitatively link glider and satellite observations

2020 ◽  
Vol 378 (2181) ◽  
pp. 20190367 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kostakis ◽  
R. Röttgers ◽  
A. Orkney ◽  
H. A. Bouman ◽  
M. Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Streams ◽  
Optical Model ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Inherent Optical Properties ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Observation Systems

A bio-optical model for the Barents Sea is determined from a set of in situ observations of inherent optical properties (IOPs) and associated biogeochemical analyses. The bio-optical model provides a pathway to convert commonly measured parameters from glider-borne sensors (CTD, optical triplet sensor—chlorophyll and CDOM fluorescence, backscattering coefficients) to bulk spectral IOPs (absorption, attenuation and backscattering). IOPs derived from glider observations are subsequently used to estimate remote sensing reflectance spectra that compare well with coincident satellite observations, providing independent validation of the general applicability of the bio-optical model. Various challenges in the generation of a robust bio-optical model involving dealing with partial and limited quantity datasets and the interpretation of data from the optical triplet sensor are discussed. Establishing this quantitative link between glider-borne and satellite-borne data sources is an important step in integrating these data streams and has wide applicability for current and future integrated autonomous observation systems. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The changing Arctic Ocean: consequences for biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functioning’.

scholarly journals Climate-driven benthic invertebrate activity and biogeochemical functioning across the Barents Sea polar front

2020 ◽  
Vol 378 (2181) ◽  
pp. 20190365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Solan ◽  
Ellie R. Ward ◽  
Christina L. Wood ◽  
Adam J. Reed ◽  
Laura J. Grange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Benthic Invertebrate ◽  
Polar Front ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
The Barents Sea

Arctic marine ecosystems are undergoing rapid correction in response to multiple expressions of climate change, but the consequences of altered biodiversity for the sequestration, transformation and storage of nutrients are poorly constrained. Here, we determine the bioturbation activity of sediment-dwelling invertebrate communities over two consecutive summers that contrasted in sea-ice extent along a transect intersecting the polar front. We find a clear separation in community composition at the polar front that marks a transition in the type and amount of bioturbation activity, and associated nutrient concentrations, sufficient to distinguish a southern high from a northern low. While patterns in community structure reflect proximity to arctic versus boreal conditions, our observations strongly suggest that faunal activity is moderated by seasonal variations in sea ice extent that influence food supply to the benthos. Our observations help visualize how a climate-driven reorganization of the Barents Sea benthic ecosystem may be expressed, and emphasize the rapidity with which an entire region could experience a functional transformation. As strong benthic-pelagic coupling is typical across most parts of the Arctic shelf, the response of these ecosystems to a changing climate will have important ramifications for ecosystem functioning and the trophic structure of the entire food web. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The changing Arctic Ocean: consequences for biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functioning'.

scholarly journals Water Mass Properties Derived From Satellite Observations in the Barents Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin I. Barton ◽  
Camille Lique ◽  
Yueng‐Djern Lenn
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Mass Properties

scholarly journals Methods and results of in situ target-strength measurements of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) during combined trawl-acoustic surveys

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1225-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viacheslav A. Ermolchev
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Target Strength ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Total Fish ◽  
Acoustic Surveys

Abstract Ermolchev, V. A., 2009. Methods and results of in situ target-strength measurements of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) during combined trawl-acoustic surveys. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1225–1232. This paper presents methods for collecting acoustic and biological data, including in situ target-strength (TS) estimates of fish, with results presented for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) obtained from combined trawl-acoustic surveys. These include fish in the small, average, and maximum length classes, within the range 5–136 cm (total fish length, LT). The investigations were done using Simrad EK500/EK60 echosounders with split-beam transducers and special post-processing software. Based on an analysis of data collected in the Barents Sea during 1998–2007, a relationship TS = 25.2 log10(LT) − 74.8 was obtained for Atlantic cod at 38 kHz, with TS in dB and LT in centimetres. Seasonally, and for depths between 50 and 500 m, the variability in cod TS was 3.1 dB, decreasing with depth. The largest day–night difference in mean TS was in August–September, with changes as large as 1.0–1.7 dB. In the other seasons, the day–night difference was <1.0 dB.

In situ Measurements of the Characteristics of Suspended Particles in the Barents Sea by the LISST-Deep Laser Diffractometer

Oceanology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 650-663
Author(s):  
A. S. Lokhov ◽  
M. D. Kravchishina ◽  
A. A. Klyuvitkin ◽  
A. I. Kochenkova
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
The Barents Sea

scholarly journals Variation in zoobenthic blue carbon in the Arctic's Barents Sea shelf sediments

2020 ◽  
Vol 378 (2181) ◽  
pp. 20190362 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Souster ◽  
D. K. A. Barnes ◽  
J. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Blue Carbon ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Shelf Sediments ◽  
The Antarctic

The flow of carbon from atmosphere to sediment fauna and sediments reduces atmospheric CO 2 , which in turn reduces warming. Here, during the Changing Arctic Ocean Seafloor programme, we use comparable methods to those used in the Antarctic (vertical, calibrated camera drops and trawl-collected specimens) to calculate the standing stock of zoobenthic carbon throughout the Barents Sea. The highest numbers of morphotypes, functional groups and individuals were found in the northernmost sites (80–81.3° N, 29–30° E). Ordination (non-metric multidimensional scaling) suggested a cline of faunal transition from south to north. The functional group dominance differed across all six sites, despite all being apparently similar muds. Of the environmental variables we measured, only water current speed could significantly explain any of our spatial carbon differences. We found no obvious relationship with sea ice loss and thus no evidence of Arctic blue carbon–climate feedback. Blue carbon in the Barents Sea can be comparable with the highest levels in Antarctic shelf sediments. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The changing Arctic Ocean: consequences for biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functioning'.

Meridional zonation of the Barents Sea ecosystem inferred from satellite remote sensing and in situ bio-optical observations

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. GREG MITCHELL ◽  
ERIC A. BRODY ◽  
EUENG-NAN YEH ◽  
CHARLES MCCLAIN ◽  
JOSEFINO COMISO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Optical Observations ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Barents Sea Ecosystem

Satellite observations of the coccolithophorid bloom in the Barents Sea

Oceanology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 766-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Burenkov ◽  
O. V. Kopelevich ◽  
T. N. Rat’kova ◽  
S. V. Sheberstov
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
The Barents Sea

Interannual variability of Emiliania huxleyi blooms in the Barents Sea: In situ data 2014–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 111392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Silkin ◽  
Larisa Pautova ◽  
Mario Giordano ◽  
Marina Kravchishina ◽  
Vladimir Artemiev
Keyword(s):  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Emiliania Huxleyi ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
The Barents Sea
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