scholarly journals Synchrotron science in the UK: NINA, the SRS and Diamond

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (2147) ◽  
pp. 20190147 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Samar Hasnain ◽  
C. Richard A. Catlow
Keyword(s):  
Theme Issue ◽  
Synchrotron Science ◽  
The Uk

The development of synchrotron science over the last 50 years is reviewed from the perspective of the authors' own scientific programmes. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Fifty years of synchrotron science: achievements and opportunities’.

scholarly journals Synchrotron radiation sources in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (2147) ◽  
pp. 20180235 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Liu ◽  
R. T. Neuenschwander ◽  
A. R. D. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Construction Stage ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Synchrotron Light ◽  
Synchrotron Science

The development of synchrotron radiation sources in Brazil is described from a brief historical point of view followed by a description of the Sirius project, a new 3 GeV fourth-generation synchrotron light source with 518 m circumference and 0.25 nm.rad emittance, in final construction stage at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory campus, in Campinas. As one of the pioneer fourth-generation machines, many accelerator engineering challenges were studied in depth and resulted in quite a few innovative developments. In this paper, we review some of these developments. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Fifty years of synchrotron science: achievements and opportunities’.

scholarly journals XMaS @ the ESRF

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (2147) ◽  
pp. 20180237
Author(s):  
Oier Bikondoa ◽  
Laurence Bouchenoire ◽  
Simon D. Brown ◽  
Paul B. J. Thompson ◽  
Didier Wermeille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Magnetic Materials ◽  
Storage Ring ◽  
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Synchrotron Science ◽  
Design And Construction

This paper describes the motivation for the design and construction of a beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) for the use of UK material scientists. Although originally focused on the study of magnetic materials, the beamline has been running for 20 years and currently supports a very broad range of science as evidenced by the research topics highlighted in this article. We describe how the beamline will adapt to align with the ESRF's upgrade to a diffraction limited storage ring. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Fifty years of synchrotron science: achievements and opportunities’.

scholarly journals Epidemic interventions: insights from classic results

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1829) ◽  
pp. 20200263
Author(s):  
Julia R. Gog ◽  
T. Déirdre Hollingsworth
Keyword(s):  
Theme Issue ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Infectious Disease Epidemiology ◽  
The Core ◽  
Complex Models ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Analytical Expressions ◽  
Core Framework

Analytical expressions and approximations from simple models have performed a pivotal role in our understanding of infectious disease epidemiology. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, while there has been proliferation of increasingly complex models, still the most basic models have provided the core framework for our thinking and interpreting policy decisions. Here, classic results are presented that give insights into both the role of transmission-reducing interventions (such as social distancing) in controlling an emerging epidemic, and also what would happen if insufficient control is applied. Though these are simple results from the most basic of epidemic models, they give valuable benchmarks for comparison with the outputs of more complex modelling approaches. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modelling that shaped the early COVID-19 pandemic response in the UK’.

scholarly journals Historical review of lighthouse design under wind load: the Ile Vierge lighthouse

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (2155) ◽  
pp. 20190167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Domede ◽  
Luisa Pena ◽  
Nicolas Fady
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Wind Load ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
European Standards ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Uk

The purpose of the study presented here is to describe the design method used by engineers in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to size lighthouse structures and to compare them with current European standards. The historical information presented here is derived from two sources in particular: the archives of the Ile Vierge lighthouse, which was built at the northern tip of Brittany between 1897 and 1902, and the scientific journals, books and courses available at that time. Firstly, the article describes the structure of the Ile Vierge lighthouse, which is the tallest stone lighthouse in Europe. The wind load acting on lighthouses and chimneys was formulated in France by L. Fresnel in 1825. Fresnel's work is compared to W. J. M. Rankine's theory used in the UK. The safety coefficients applied with respect to the stability of the towers in France and the UK in the nineteenth-century are compared. On the occasion of the construction of the Ile Vierge lighthouse, the masonry strength under wind loads led to a discussion among engineers of the French lighthouse authorities. They also worried about the risk of excessive oscillations of the towers, which could cause a dysfunction of the lamp. Thirdly, the standard wind action defined in Eurocode 1 is applied to the Ile Vierge lighthouse. Calculation results are given. A comparative analysis of the ancient and modern methods is presented. Overall, this historical research shows that the designers of lighthouses in the nineteenth-century had the same objectives as today: to build strong, durable structures in which deformations under loads are compatible with serviceability. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Environmental loading of heritage structures’.

scholarly journals Modelling that shaped the early COVID-19 pandemic response in the UK

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1829) ◽  
pp. 20210001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Brooks-Pollock ◽  
Leon Danon ◽  
Thibaut Jombart ◽  
Lorenzo Pellis
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Disease Modelling ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Academic Credit ◽  
Advisory System ◽  
Scientific Advisory ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
The Uk

Infectious disease modelling has played an integral part of the scientific evidence used to guide the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the UK, modelling evidence used for policy is reported to the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE) modelling subgroup, SPI-M-O (Scientific Pandemic Influenza Group on Modelling-Operational). This Special Issue contains 20 articles detailing evidence that underpinned advice to the UK government during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the UK between January 2020 and July 2020. Here, we introduce the UK scientific advisory system and how it operates in practice, and discuss how infectious disease modelling can be useful in policy making. We examine the drawbacks of current publishing practices and academic credit and highlight the importance of transparency and reproducibility during an epidemic emergency. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modelling that shaped the early COVID-19 pandemic response in the UK’.

Wind loads on open truss structures: applications of blockage to historic transporter bridges

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (2155) ◽  
pp. 20190017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Carter ◽  
P. H. Taylor ◽  
H. Santo ◽  
A. Blakeborough
Keyword(s):  
Truss Structures ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
Modes Of Failure ◽  
Offshore Engineering ◽  
Load Component ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Current Blockage ◽  
Compare And Contrast

The overall aim of this study is to compare and contrast the design of the two remaining working examples of early twentieth-century transporter bridges in the UK, namely, those at Newport and Middlesbrough. With the aid of modern finite-element analysis, the behaviour of the structures under loading is investigated, likely modes of failure determined and the efficiency of each structure evaluated. The important horizontal load component due to wind at the exposed locations of the bridges is examined using ‘current blockage’, ideas transferred from recent work on wave–current–structure interaction for space-frame structures in offshore engineering. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Environmental loading of heritage structures’.

scholarly journals Novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV (COVID-19): early estimation of epidemiological parameters and epidemic size estimates

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1829) ◽  
pp. 20200265
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Read ◽  
Jessica R. E. Bridgen ◽  
Derek A. T. Cummings ◽  
Antonia Ho ◽  
Chris P. Jewell
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Epidemic Size ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Size Estimates

Since it was first identified, the epidemic scale of the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China, has increased rapidly, with cases arising across China and other countries and regions. Using a transmission model, we estimate a basic reproductive number of 3.11 (95% CI, 2.39–4.13), indicating that 58–76% of transmissions must be prevented to stop increasing. We also estimate a case ascertainment rate in Wuhan of 5.0% (95% CI, 3.6–7.4). The true size of the epidemic may be significantly greater than the published case counts suggest, with our model estimating 21 022 (prediction interval, 11 090–33 490) total infections in Wuhan between 1 and 22 January. We discuss our findings in the light of more recent information. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modelling that shaped the early COVID-19 pandemic response in the UK’.

scholarly journals Out of the laboratory, into the field: perspectives on social, ethical and regulatory challenges in UK wildlife research

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1831) ◽  
pp. 20200226
Author(s):  
Alexandra Palmer ◽  
Beth Greenhough
Keyword(s):  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Working Relationships ◽  
Good Care ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Regulatory Challenges

Drawing on insights from qualitative social science research, this paper aims to prompt reflection on social, ethical and regulatory challenges faced by scientists undertaking invasive animal research in the field and propose ways of addressing these challenges to promote good care for animals and environments. In particular, we explore challenges relating to the management of (i) relationships with publics and stakeholders, who may be present at field sites or crucial to research success; (ii) ethical considerations not present in the laboratory, such as the impacts of research on populations and ecosystems; (iii) working under an array of regulations, which may operate in accordance with competing ethical principles or objectives; and (iv) relationships with regulators (especially vets), which may involve disagreements over ethics and expertise, especially because regulators may be more accustomed to overseeing research in the laboratory than the field. We argue that flexibility—at a personal and policy level—and respect for others' expertise emerged as two key ways of negotiating ethical challenges, fostering positive working relationships and promoting good care for individual animals and broader ecosystems. While our analysis focuses on the UK, we propose that many of these lessons are broadly applicable to international contexts. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Measuring physiology in free-living animals (Part II)’.

The diagnosis and management of factor VIII and IX inhibitors: a guideline from the UK Haemophilia Centre Doctors' Organization (UKHCDO)

2000 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. M. Hay ◽  
T. P. Baglin ◽  
P. W. Collins ◽  
F. G. H. Hill ◽  
D. M. Keeling
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Viii And Ix ◽  
The Uk

1476: Prostate Cancer Detection in Men Aged 45-49 Years in the UK Protect (Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment) Trial

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 476-477
Author(s):  
Freddie C. Hamdy ◽  
Joanne Howson ◽  
Athene Lane ◽  
Jenny L. Donovan ◽  
David E. Neal
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Treatment Trial ◽  
Prostate Cancer Detection ◽  
The Uk
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