scholarly journals Measuring non-equilibrium dynamics in complex solids with ultrashort X-ray pulses

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (2145) ◽  
pp. 20170478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Buzzi ◽  
Michael Först ◽  
Andrea Cavalleri
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structures ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Optical Pulses ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Equilibrium Dynamics ◽  
External Perturbations

Strong interactions between electrons give rise to the complexity of quantum materials, which exhibit exotic functional properties and extreme susceptibility to external perturbations. A growing research trend involves the study of these materials away from equilibrium, especially in cases in which the stimulation with optical pulses can coherently enhance cooperative orders. Time-resolved X-ray probes are integral to this type of research, as they can be used to track atomic and electronic structures as they evolve on ultrafast timescales. Here, we review a series of recent experiments where femtosecond X-ray diffraction was used to measure dynamics of complex solids. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Measurement of ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics with X-rays’.

scholarly journals Experimental and numerical study of ultra-short laser-produced collimated Cu Kα X-ray source

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rathore ◽  
V. Arora ◽  
H. Singhal ◽  
T. Mandal ◽  
J.A. Chakera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Intensity ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Short Laser Pulses

AbstractKα X-ray sources generated from the interaction of ultra-short laser pulses with solids are compact and low-cost source of ultra-short quasi-monochromatic X-rays compared with synchrotron radiation source. Development of collimated ultra-short Kα X-ray source by the interaction of 45 fs Ti:sapphire laser pulse with Cu wire target is presented in this paper. A study of the Kα source with laser parameters such as energy and pulse duration was carried out. The observed Kα X-ray photon flux was ~2.7 × 108 photons/shot at the laser intensity of ~2.8 × 1017 W cm−2. A model was developed to analyze the observed results. The Kα radiation was coupled to a polycapillary collimator to generate a collimated low divergence (0.8 mrad) X-ray beam. Such sources are useful for time-resolved X-ray diffraction and imaging studies.

scholarly journals Time-resolved X-ray diffraction at NERL

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENICHI KINOSHITA ◽  
HIDEKI HARANO ◽  
KOJI YOSHII ◽  
TAKERU OHKUBO ◽  
ATSUSHI FUKASAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Nuclear Engineering ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Fs Laser ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

For ultrafast material analyses, we constructed the time-resolved X-ray diffraction system utilizing ultrashort X-rays from laser-produced plasma generated by the 12-TW–50-fs laser at the Nuclear Engineering Research Laboratory. Ultrafast transient changes in laser-irradiated GaAs crystals were observed as X-ray diffraction patterns. Experimental results were compared with numerical analyses.

scholarly journals Picosecond time-resolved X-ray diffraction from laser-shocked semiconductors

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZUTAKA G. NAKAMURA ◽  
YOICHIRO HIRONAKA ◽  
HIDETAKA KAWANO ◽  
HIROAKI KISHIMURA ◽  
KEN-ICHI KONDO
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Structural Dynamics ◽  
Lattice Deformation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Beam ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Ultrashort pulsed hard X rays are generated by focusing an intense femtosecond laser beam onto metal targets. Kαemissions are obtained from a Cu target. Picosecond time-resolved X-ray diffraction is performed to investigate structural dynamics of laser-shocked semiconductors using the laser plasma X-ray pulses. Lattice deformation associated with shock-wave propagation is directly observed. Evolution of strain profiles inside the crystal is determined without disturbance from the time-resolved X-ray diffraction patterns.

In Situ Investigations of Structures Evolution of Mg Doped Zn4Sb3

2017 ◽  
Vol 727 ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Ying Guo Yang ◽  
Geng Wu Ji ◽  
Kong Chao Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
Electronic Structures ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Beta Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The beta-phase of Zn4Sb3 has been regarded as a very promising thermoelectric material since middle nineties, owing to its unique merit: intermediate temperature region (200-400 °C), made of cheap, non-toxic and abundant elements and high thermoelectric property. However, the thermal stability of Zn4Sb3 seems to be an inherent obstacle for the practical application during the working temperatures. Herein, magnesium doped Zn-Sb semiconductor (Mg0.04Zn3.96Sb3) was investigated thoroughly in-situ during thermal annealing up to 600 K, whilst both microstructure and electronic structures were recorded via the combination of synchrotron-based two dimensional X-ray diffraction techniques and the X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. While the time-resolved grazing incidence XRD reveals the preserved crystal structures during thermal annealing to 600 K, XPS measurement demonstrate the robustness of electronic structures. On basis of these findings, it was concluded in the end that the doping of magnesium significantly improves the thermal stability of zinc-antimonite compounds and introduces minor influence on the electronic structure of Zn-Sb alloy. Our study may propose an effective approach towards the wild application of Zn4Sb3 related thermoelectric materials.

‘Ultrafast’ Extended to X-Rays: Femtosecond Time-Resolved X-Ray Diffraction

2001 ◽  
Vol 215 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. von der Linde ◽  
K. Sokolowski-Tinten ◽  
Ch. Blome ◽  
C. Dietrich ◽  
A. Tarasevitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Resolution ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Time

For a long time the capability to perform measurements with femtosecond time-resolution belonged exclusively to the domain of optics. However, in the last few years laser-driven X-ray sources have been developed which enable femtosecond time-resolution to be extended to the X-ray regime.

scholarly journals Out-of-equilibrium dynamics of photoexcited spin-state concentration waves

2015 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 363-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Marino ◽  
M. Buron-Le Cointe ◽  
M. Lorenc ◽  
L. Toupet ◽  
R. Henning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spin State ◽  
Spin Crossover ◽  
Laser Excitation ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Concentration Wave ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Equilibrium Dynamics ◽  
State Concentration

The spin crossover compound [FeIIH2L2-Me][PF6]2 presents a two-step phase transition. In the intermediate phase, a spin state concentration wave (SSCW) appears resulting from a symmetry breaking (cell doubling) associated with a long-range order of alternating high and low spin molecular states. By combining time-resolved optical and X-ray diffraction measurements on a single crystal, we study how such a system responds to femtosecond laser excitation and we follow in real time the erasing and rewriting of the SSCW.

First-, second- and third-order correlation function in time-resolved X-ray diffraction experiments

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Techert
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structural Reorganization ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Pump Probe ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Laser Systems ◽  
Laser Sources

In the past decade, sustained progress has been made in the field of time-resolved X-ray diffraction and photocrystallography. Laser systems have been developed rapidly, and the combination of pulsed laser sources with pulsed X-ray sources, particularly by using synchrotron X-ray radiation and X-rays generated by plasma sources, has made the application of pump-probe schemes routine. So far, however, most studies have been focused on two questions: (i) the refinement of structural changes during the course of a reaction, and (ii) possible relations between transient structural changes and the intermediates found by optical spectroscopy. In this work, a kinetic description for different time laws in time-resolved X-ray diffraction experiments is derived in the framework of time-dependent correlation functions. The derived time laws were applied to time-resolved studies on a [2+2] photodimerization and a reversible reaction undergoing structural reorganization.

X-ray diffraction properties of curved crystal diffractors

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1734-1735
Author(s):  
W. Z. Chang ◽  
D. B. Wittry
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Theory ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Diffraction Image ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rocking Curve ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bent Crystal ◽  
Diffraction Geometry ◽  
Crystal Parameter ◽  
Quantitative Procedure

Since Du Mond and Kirkpatrick first discussed the principle of a bent crystal spectrograph in 1930, curved single crystals have been widely utilized as spectrometric monochromators as well as diffractors for focusing x rays diverging from a point. Curved crystal diffraction theory predicts that the diffraction parameters - the rocking curve width w, and the peak reflection coefficient r of curved crystals will certainly deviate from those of their flat form. Due to a lack of curved crystal parameter data in current literature and the need for optimizing the choice of diffraction geometry and crystal materials for various applications, we have continued the investigation of our technique presented at the last conference. In the present abstract, we describe a more rigorous and quantitative procedure for measuring the parameters of curved crystals.The diffraction image of a singly bent crystal under study can be obtained by using the Johann geometry with an x-ray point source.

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