scholarly journals Experimental model of topological defects in Minkowski space–time based on disordered ferrofluid: magnetic monopoles, cosmic strings and the space–time cloak

2015 ◽  
Vol 373 (2049) ◽  
pp. 20140360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor I. Smolyaninov ◽  
Vera N. Smolyaninova ◽  
Alexei I. Smolyaninov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Minkowski Space ◽  
Cosmic Strings ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Topological Defects ◽  
Magnetic Monopoles ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Minkowski Space Time ◽  
Dimensional Minkowski Space

In the presence of an external magnetic field, cobalt nanoparticle-based ferrofluid forms a self-assembled hyperbolic metamaterial. The wave equation, which describes propagation of extraordinary light inside the ferrofluid, exhibits 2+1 dimensional Lorentz symmetry. The role of time in the corresponding effective three-dimensional Minkowski space–time is played by the spatial coordinate directed along the periodic nanoparticle chains aligned by the magnetic field. Here, we present a microscopic study of point, linear, planar and volume defects of the nanoparticle chain structure and demonstrate that they may exhibit strong similarities with such Minkowski space–time defects as magnetic monopoles, cosmic strings and the recently proposed space–time cloaks. Experimental observations of such defects are described.

scholarly journals Elastic shocks in relativistic rigid rods and balls

2019 ◽  
Vol 475 (2225) ◽  
pp. 20180858 ◽  
Author(s):  
João L. Costa ◽  
José Natário
Keyword(s):  
Free Boundary ◽  
Minkowski Space ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Time Derivative ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Spherically Symmetric ◽  
Soft Phase ◽  
Minkowski Space Time ◽  
Dimensional Minkowski Space

We study the free boundary problem for the ‘hard phase’ material introduced by Christodoulou in (Christodoulou 1995 Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 130 , 343–400), both for rods in (1 + 1)-dimensional Minkowski space–time and for spherically symmetric balls in (3 + 1)-dimensional Minkowski space–time. Unlike Christodoulou, we do not consider a ‘soft phase’, and so we regard this material as an elastic medium, capable of both compression and stretching. We prove that shocks must be null hypersurfaces, and derive the conditions to be satisfied at a free boundary. We solve the equations of motion of the rods explicitly, and we prove existence of solutions to the equations of motion of the spherically symmetric balls for an arbitrarily long (but finite) time, given initial conditions sufficiently close to those for the relaxed ball at rest. In both cases we find that the solutions contain shocks if and only if the pressure or its time derivative do not vanish at the free boundary initially. These shocks interact with the free boundary, causing it to lose regularity.

On k-Type 2-Degenerate Slant Helices in 4-Dimensional Minkowski Space-Time

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zühal Küçükarslan Yüzbaşı ◽  
Münevver Yıldırım Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Minkowski Space ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Minkowski Space Time ◽  
Dimensional Minkowski Space

HOW SINGULAR A SPACE CAN SUPERSTRINGS THREAD?

1991 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 207-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
TRISTAN HÜBSCH
Keyword(s):  
Minkowski Space ◽  
Moduli Space ◽  
Space Time ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Ricci Flat ◽  
Minkowski Space Time ◽  
Dimensional Minkowski Space

Many superstring models with N=1 supergravity in 4-dimensional Minkowski space-time involve σ-models with complex 3-dimensional, Ricci-flat target manifolds. In general, inclusion of singular target spaces probes the boundary of the moduli space and completes it. Studying suitably singular σ-models, the author found certain criteria for the severity of admissible singularizations.

scholarly journals (N, p, q) HARMONIC SUPERSPACE

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (27) ◽  
pp. 3901-3919 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.G. HARTWELL ◽  
P.S. HOWE
Keyword(s):  
Minkowski Space ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Harmonic Superspace ◽  
Curved Space ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Invariant Integrals ◽  
Minkowski Space Time ◽  
Dimensional Minkowski Space ◽  
Harmonic Superspaces ◽  
Super Yang Mills Theory

A family of harmonic superspaces associated with four-dimensional Minkowski space-time is described. Applications are made to free massless supermultiplets, invariant integrals and super-Yang-Mills theory. Generalization to curved space-times is performed, with emphasis on conformal supergravities.

scholarly journals CHARGED PARTICLES AND THE ELECTRO-MAGNETIC FIELD IN NONINERTIAL FRAMES OF MINKOWSKI SPACE-TIME I: ADMISSIBLE 3 + 1 SPLITTINGS OF MINKOWSKI SPACE-TIME AND THE NONINERTIAL REST FRAMES

2010 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 33-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID ALBA ◽  
LUCA LUSANNA
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Minkowski Space ◽  
Maxwell Equations ◽  
Rest Frame ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Electro Magnetic Field ◽  
Minkowski Space Time ◽  
Electro Magnetic

By using the 3 + 1 point of view and parametrized Minkowski theories we develop the theory of noninertial frames in Minkowski space-time. The transition from a noninertial frame to another one is a gauge transformation connecting the respective notions of instantaneous three-space (clock synchronization convention) and of the three-coordinates inside them. As a particular case we get the extension of the inertial rest-frame instant form of dynamics to the noninertial rest-frame one. We show that every isolated system can be described as an external decoupled noncovariant canonical center of mass (described by frozen Jacobi data) carrying a pole–dipole structure: the invariant mass and an effective spin. Moreover we identify the constraints eliminating the internal three-center of mass inside the instantaneous three-spaces. In the case of the isolated system of positive-energy scalar particles with Grassmann-valued electric charges plus the electro-magnetic field, we obtain both Maxwell equations and their Hamiltonian description in noninertial frames. Then by means of a noncovariant decomposition we define the noninertial radiation gauge and we find the form of the noncovariant Coulomb potential. We identify the coordinate-dependent relativistic inertial potentials and we show that they have the correct Newtonian limit. In the second paper we will study properties of Maxwell equations in noninertial frames like the wrap-up effect and the Faraday rotation in astrophysics. Also the 3 + 1 description without coordinate-singularities of the rotating disk and the Sagnac effect will be given, with added comments on pulsar magnetosphere and on a relativistic extension of the Earth-fixed coordinate system.

scholarly journals THE SOLUTIONS OF AFFINE AND CONFORMAL AFFINE TODA FIELD THEORIES

1994 ◽  
Vol 09 (17) ◽  
pp. 1579-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. PAPADOPOULOS ◽  
B. SPENCE
Keyword(s):  
Initial Data ◽  
Minkowski Space ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Field Theories ◽  
Poisson Brackets ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Minkowski Space Time ◽  
Dimensional Minkowski Space ◽  
Static Solutions

We give new formulations of the solutions of the field equations of the affine Toda and conformal affine Toda theories on a cylinder and two-dimensional Minkowski space-time. These solutions are parametrized in terms of initial data and the resulting covariant phase spaces are diffeomorphic to the Hamiltonian ones. We derive the fundamental Poisson brackets to the parameters of the solutions and give the general static solutions for the affine theory.

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