scholarly journals Pushing, pulling and twisting liquid crystal systems: exploring new directions with laser manipulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 371 (1988) ◽  
pp. 20120265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Sanders ◽  
Yiming Yang ◽  
Mark R. Dickinson ◽  
Helen F. Gleeson
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Optical Tweezers ◽  
Isotropic Medium ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Inverse System ◽  
New Method ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Laser Manipulation ◽  
Made In

Optical tweezers are exciting tools with which to explore liquid crystal (LC) systems; the motion of particles held in laser traps through LCs is perhaps the only approach that allows a low Ericksen number regime to be accessed. This offers a new method of studying the microrheology associated with micrometre-sized particles suspended in LC media—and such hybrid systems are of increasing importance as novel soft-matter systems. This paper describes the microrheology experiments that are possible in nematic materials and discusses the sometimes unexpected results that ensue. It also presents observations made in the inverse system; micrometre-sized droplets of LC suspended in an isotropic medium.

scholarly journals Extracorporal modified ascitic fluid reinfusion in treatment of resistant ascites in liver cirrhosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 176 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
I. E. Onnintsev ◽  
S. Ya. Ivanusa ◽  
A. V. Khokhlov ◽  
A. A. Sokolov ◽  
A. V. Yankovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Ascitic Fluid ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
New Method ◽  
Diuretic Resistance ◽  
Made In

OBJECTIVE. The aim of the study was to estimate the efficacy of new method of reinfusion of extracorporeal modified ascitic fluid in therapy of diuretic resistance ascites in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS. An analysis of treatment was made in 83 patients, who underwent laparocentesis and ascitic fluid evacuation. The patients were divided into two groups. Laparocentesis and fractional evacuation of ascitic fluid were carried out for the patients of the first group (n=40). This procedure was followed by intravenous infusion of 25 % albumin (10 g of albumin on each 2 litres of removed fluid) in order to make up losses of protein. Laparocentesis and ascitic fluid evacuation with following extracorporal processing and reinfusion were performed for the second group of patients (n=43). RESULTS. There was noted an increase of day diuresis from (620,0 ± 110,0) ml to (2,2 ± 0,4) l compared with the first group from (780 ± 80) ml to (1,2 ± 0,5) l and rise of sodium excretion (132 ± 7) mmol/l compared with the first group - (120 ± 6) mmol/l. An average molecular peptide concentration was decreased in blood plasma to (0,254 ± 0,098) units in the second group and it counted (0,298 ± 0,045) units in the first group. CONCLUSIONS. Reinfusion of extracorporeal modified ascitic fluid was more effective than conventional correction of albumin level and electrolytes disturbances against a background of ascitic fluid evacuation.

scholarly journals Stable and Oriented Liquid Crystal Droplets Stabilized by Imidazolium Ionic Liquids

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 6044
Author(s):  
Efthymia Ramou ◽  
Guilherme Rebordão ◽  
Susana I. C. J. Palma ◽  
Ana C. A. Roque
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
State Of Matter ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sds Surfactant

Liquid crystals represent a fascinating intermediate state of matter, with dynamic yet organized molecular features and untapped opportunities in sensing. Several works report the use of liquid crystal droplets formed by microfluidics and stabilized by surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). In this work, we explore, for the first time, the potential of surface-active ionic liquids of the imidazolium family as surfactants to generate in high yield, stable and oriented liquid crystal droplets. Our results show that [C12MIM][Cl], in particular, yields stable, uniform and monodisperse droplets (diameter 74 ± 6 µm; PDI = 8%) with the liquid crystal in a radial configuration, even when compared with the standard SDS surfactant. These findings reveal an additional application for ionic liquids in the field of soft matter.

scholarly journals Vortices Nucleation By Inherent Fluctuations In Nematic Liquid Crystal Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Aguilera ◽  
Marcel G. Clerc ◽  
Valeska Zambra
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Optical Tweezers ◽  
Nematic Liquid Crystal ◽  
Topological Defects ◽  
Optical Vortices ◽  
Topological Features ◽  
Nucleation Mechanisms ◽  
Multistable Systems ◽  
Light Beams ◽  
Crystal Cells

Abstract Multistable systems are characterized by exhibiting domain coexistence, where each domain accounts for the different states. In the case of these systems are described by vectorial fields, domains are connected through topological defects. Vortices are one of the most frequent and studied topological defect points. Optical vortices are equally relevant for their fundamental features as beams with topological features and their applications in image processing, telecommunications, optical tweezers, and quantum information. The interaction of light beams with matter vortices in liquid crystal cells is a natural source of optical vortices. The rhythms that govern the emergence of matter vortexes due to fluctuations are not established. Here we investigate the nucleation mechanisms of the matter vortices in liquid crystal cells and establish statistical laws that govern them. Based on a stochastic amplitude equation, the law for the number of nucleated vortices as a function of anisotropy, voltage, and noise level intensity is set. Experimental observations in a nematic liquid crystal cell with homeotropic anchoring and a negative anisotropic dielectric constant under the influence of a transversal electric field show a fair agreement with the theoretical findings.

What makes a liquid crystal? The effect of free volume on soft matter

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goodby ◽  
Mandle ◽  
Davis ◽  
Zhong ◽  
Cowling
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Free Volume ◽  
Soft Matter

A New Method of Scanning Angles Screening of Liquid Crystal Phased Array Component

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1961-1966
Author(s):  
孔令讲 Kong Lingjiang ◽  
朱颖 Zhu Ying ◽  
杨建宇 Yang Jianyu ◽  
张翠玉 Zhang Cuiyu
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
New Method

Some Pain, Some Gain: Reflections on the Past Two Decades of Neonatal Pain Research and Treatment

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Franck
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pain Research ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Neonatal Pain ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Infant Pain ◽  
Made In

This review reflects back on the progress that has been made in infant pain research over the past 20 years and how the research has influenced (or has failed to influence) the attitudes and practices of health professionals about infant pain. Progress in understanding of infant pain neurobiology, treatment, and measurement are discussed, and new directions for future research are proposed.

scholarly journals Direct Observation of Liquid Crystal Droplet Configurational Transitions using Optical Tweezers

Langmuir ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (25) ◽  
pp. 7074-7082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Shechter ◽  
Noe Atzin ◽  
Ali Mozaffari ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Ye Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Optical Tweezers ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Liquid Crystal Droplet
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