scholarly journals Semi-analytical models of hydroelastic sloshing impact in tanks of liquefied natural gas vessels

2011 ◽  
Vol 369 (1947) ◽  
pp. 2920-2941 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ten ◽  
Š. Malenica ◽  
A. Korobkin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Hydrodynamic Models ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Structural Part ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Violent Sloshing

The present paper deals with the methods for the evaluation of the hydroelastic interactions that appear during the violent sloshing impacts inside the tanks of liquefied natural gas carriers. The complexity of both the fluid flow and the structural behaviour (containment system and ship structure) does not allow for a fully consistent direct approach according to the present state of the art. Several simplifications are thus necessary in order to isolate the most dominant physical aspects and to treat them properly. In this paper, choice was made of semi-analytical modelling for the hydrodynamic part and finite-element modelling for the structural part. Depending on the impact type, different hydrodynamic models are proposed, and the basic principles of hydroelastic coupling are clearly described and validated with respect to the accuracy and convergence of the numerical results.

Methane Emissions Reduction in Liquefied Natural Gas Off-Loading Process in Refueling Stations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Sharafian ◽  
Paul Blomerus ◽  
Walter Mérida
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Pressure Buildup ◽  
Tanker Truck ◽  
Main Component ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Recent research into methane emissions from the liquefied natural gas (LNG) supply chain has revealed uncertainty in the overall greenhouse gas emissions reduction associated with the use of LNG in heavy-duty vehicles. Methane is the main component of natural gas and a potent greenhouse gas. This study investigates the impact of five methods used to offload LNG from a tanker truck to an LNG refueling station and estimate the amount of fugitive methane emissions. The LNG offloading process time, and the final pressures of the tanker truck and refueling station are considered to evaluate the performance of the LNG offloading methods. The modeling results show that the LNG transfer by using a pressure buildup unit has a limited operating range and can increase methane emissions by 10.4% of LNG offloaded from the tanker truck. The results indicate that the LNG transfer by using a pump and an auxiliary pressure buildup unit without vapor return provides the shortest fuel offloading time with the lowest risk of venting methane to the atmosphere.

FEATURES OF CURRENT ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT OF GLOBAL LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS MARKET

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
A. A. SHCHEGOLKOVA ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Natural Gas Market ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
The Impact

The subject of this article is the economic environment of the global liquefied natural gas (LNG) market. The article assesses the development trends in the global liquefied natural gas market, identifies the key driving forces of the global LNG market, analyzes the existing contractual models in the global LNG market. The study uses a general scientific methodology that provides for a systematic, comprehensive approach to assessing the current economic situation in the global LNG market. A significant array of statistical data and factual material on the global LNG market was analyzed, the results of the research were obtained using statistical methods of economic analysis. As a result, the author conducted an analysis of the trends in the global LNG market, which made it possible to identify the key driving forces behind changes in market dynamics. The dynamics and structure of the global LNG market for the period 2015–2019 have been investigated. An assessment of Russia's position in the global LNG market is given. The impact of the "coronacrisis" on the global LNG market has been studied. The development and prospects of large-scale gas projects of the main LNG exporting countries are shown, the influence of the price environment on the implementation of LNG projects is investigated. It is revealed that geopolitical factors have become decisive in the formation of the world energy policy. The possible impact of the legislative expansion of the resource base of the Arctic territories on the growth of production and export of Russian LNG has been determined. It is concluded that the strategic goal of Russia's energy geopolitics is to modernize the existing export model of LNG for the long term. Modernization of the existing energy export strategy will strengthen the country's competitive position in the global LNG market, thereby becoming the basis for Russia's regional presence in the Arctic, where the main increase in LNG capacity is expected.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence Applied to Evaluate Emissions and Energy Consumption in Commuter Railways: Comparison of Liquefied Natural Gas as an Alternative Fuel to Diesel

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7112
Author(s):  
Pablo Luque ◽  
Daniel A. Mántaras ◽  
Luciano Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Railway Traction ◽  
Common Effort ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pilot Tests

At present, there is a common effort to reduce the environmental effect of energy consumption. With this objective, the transportation sector seeks to improve emissions in all its modes. In particular, the rail transport industry is analysing various alternatives for non-electrified lines. These services are mainly carried out with diesel units. As an alternative to diesel fuel, in the present study the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in railway traction was analysed. A predictive model was developed and implemented in order to estimate the emissions impact of this fuel on different rail routes or networks. The model was fitted with real data obtained from pilot tests. In these tests, a train with two engines, one diesel and the other LNG, was used. The methodology was applied to evaluate the impact on consumption and emissions of the two fuels on a narrow-gauge commuter line. An improvement was observed in some indicators, while in others there was no clear progress. The conclusions that can be drawn are that CO2 (greenhouse gas) operating emissions are lower in the LNG engine than in the diesel line; CO emissions are lower in the diesel engine and emissions of other pollutants (nitrogen oxide and particles) are higher in the diesel engine by several orders of magnitude.

scholarly journals Liquefied Natural Gas in Mobile Applications—Opportunities and Challenges

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5673
Author(s):  
Tomasz Banaszkiewicz ◽  
Maciej Chorowski ◽  
Wojciech Gizicki ◽  
Artur Jedrusyna ◽  
Jakub Kielar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Marine Fuel ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
The Impact

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is one of the most influential fuels of the 21st century, especially in terms of the global economy. The demand for LNG is forecasted to reach 400 million tonnes by 2020, increasing up to 500 million tonnes in 2030. Due to its high mass and volumetric energy density, LNG is the perfect fuel for long-distance transport, as well as for use in mobile applications. It is also characterized by low levels of emissions, which is why it has been officially approved for use as a marine fuel in Emission Control Areas (ECAs) where stricter controls have been established to minimize the airborne emissions produced by ships. LNG is also an emerging fuel in heavy road and rail transport. As a cryogenic fuel that is characterized by a boiling temperature of about 120 K (−153 °C), LNG requires the special construction of cryogenic mobile installations to fulfill conflicting requirements, such as a robust mechanical construction and a low number of heat leaks to colder parts of the system under high safety standards. This paper provides a profound review of LNG applications in waterborne and land transport. Exemplary constructions of LNG engine supply systems are presented and discussed from the mechanical and thermodynamic points of view. Physical exergy recovery during LNG regasification is analyzed, and different methods of the process are both analytically and experimentally compared. The issues that surround two-phase flows and phase change processes in LNG regasification and recondensation are addressed, and technical solutions for boil-off gas recondensation are proposed. The paper also looks at the problems surrounding LNG installation data acquisition and control systems, concluding with a discussion of the impact of LNG technologies on future trends in low-emission transport.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS COMPOSITION AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STARTING STORAGE OF THE EQUIPMENT AT THE TIME OF OCCURRENCE OF THE PHENOMENON OF ROLLOVER

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-78
Author(s):  
R. A. Khuramshina ◽  
A. I. Yamalov
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Ansys Software ◽  
Natural Gas Storage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stratified Liquid

Objectives. Ways to prevent the onset of rollover in the liquefied natural gas storage.Method. The article deals with modern methods of mathematical modeling and software when solving problems in a nonlinear formulation. A regulatory analysis of existing methods of LNG transportation has been carried out.Result. Using the mathematical program ANSYS, the rollover process in the liquefied natural gas storage was modeled. In the ANSYS software package, 3d modeling of the process of heat and mass transfer of the stratified liquid in the liquefied natural gas storage was performed. When simulating a rollover phenomenon, the time to its occurrence was 30 minutes, which differs from the experimental value by 1.7%. Based on the results of the calculations, it can be determined that the time to the onset of rollover depends on the concentration of the component layers, on the filling and geometry of the reservoir. These factors lead to an increase in evaporation of liquefied natural gas of 0.04%.Conclusion. The method of numerical experiment allows to determine the distribution of pressure, temperature, density, concentration in the object under study, without resorting to real experiments. The use of the ANSYS software package of computational fluid dynamics in the process of heat and mass transfer of the stratified liquid in the liquefied natural gas storage is necessary when calculating the increased accuracy.

scholarly journals Autoregressive Distributed Lag model study of an alternative fuel, Liquefied Natural Gas, used on ships and its effect on the environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-364
Author(s):  
Chinedum Onyemechi ◽  
Charles Ochiabuto Anyadiegwu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
The Impact

The increase in global trade and manufacturing has caused an increase in ship transportation, from 16 % to about 90 %, of the number of goods transported internationally, and this has caused an increase in the consumption of Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO), which is the predominant fuel used in the maritime industry. The use of HFO not only affects the environment, but also affects the maintenance of a ship’s machinery. This work investigates the effect of an alternative fuel, Liquefied Natural Gas, on the environment and the maintenance of ship machinery. It employs an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to ascertain the impact of HFO consumption and natural gas consumption on the CO2 emission rate. It also reviews the works that have been done on the impact of alternative fuels on ship maintenance, the effect of HFO on the environment, and the maintenance cost periodicity of vessels. The result of the model shows that an increase in the consumption of HFO increases the emission of CO2 and other greenhouse gases more than when natural gas is used. Also, an increased HFO consumption increases the CO2 emission of both the current year and the next year as per the lags, whereas an increased LNG consumption reduces the CO2 emission of the current year and decreases the CO2 emission of the preceding year. The reviewed works indicate that the use of alternative fuels reduce the maintenance cost and the maintenance periodicity of a vessel. It also shows that the use of HFO affects the environment negatively.

Floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG): is it still a nice niche?

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 581
Author(s):  
Martin Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Market Dynamics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Price Expectations ◽  
Strong Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

Two years ago we predicted a bright future for floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) on the back of a decade of strong growth in the LNG industry. This paper provides an update to that previous paper, examining the impact of both low prices and lower than anticipated growth in the LNG markets on the emerging FLNG technology. After more than a decade of strong growth, the outlook for LNG changed in 2015. Although new markets are emerging, growth in these areas is being offset by contraction in the established markets. New supplies are coming on stream, and adding to an already oversupplied market (at least in the short term). As a result market dynamics are continuing to change, presenting challenges to new supply opportunities. Against this background we have seen several both land based LNG and FLNG projects delayed, deferred or cancelled, but it is notable that the only LNG project outside of the USA to obtain sanction in 2015 was an FLNG project in West Africa (the Perenco Cameroon FLNG project). This presentation reexamines the prospects for FLNG, by: examining how the changes in market dynamics have impacted and will impact the development of FLNG; looking at how the change in price expectations has changed the space in which FLNG must operate; providing an update on current FLNG developments around the world; revisiting historical analogies to FLNG developments; and outlining the impact this has for offshore producers in Australia and the region.

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