Inland and coastal flooding: developments in prediction and prevention

2005 ◽  
Vol 363 (1831) ◽  
pp. 1475-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C.R Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Events ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Coastal Flooding ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Flood Prevention ◽  
Prediction And Prevention ◽  
Analyse Time ◽  
Made In

We review the scientific and engineering understanding of various types of inland and coastal flooding by considering the different causes and dynamic processes involved, especially in extreme events. Clear progress has been made in the accuracy of numerical modelling of meteorological causes of floods, hydraulics of flood water movement and coastal wind–wave-surge. Probabilistic estimates from ensemble predictions and the simultaneous use of several models are recent techniques in meteorological prediction that could be considered for hydraulic and oceanographic modelling. The contribution of remotely sensed data from aircraft and satellites is also considered. The need to compare and combine statistical and computational modelling methodologies for long range forecasts and extreme events is emphasized, because this has become possible with the aid of kilometre scale computations and network grid facilities to simulate and analyse time-series and extreme events. It is noted that despite the adverse effects of climatic trends on flooding, appropriate planning of rapidly growing urban areas could mitigate some of the worst effects. However, resources for flood prevention, including research, have to be considered in relation to those for other natural disasters. Policies have to be relevant to the differing geology, meteorology and cultures of the countries affected.

ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION AMONG ADOLESCENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-26
Author(s):  
M. Adenna Naik
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
High Achievement ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Made In ◽  
Gender Type ◽  
Type Of Management

An attempt was made in the present investigation is Aim: Achievement motivation among adolescents. Objectives: To study the inuence of gender, type of management and locality on achievement motivation among adolescents. Sample: The sample of the present investigation was selected 200 adolescent's students in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh State of India. The subjects were in the age group from 15 to 18 years and using systematic random sampling technique. Tool: The Pratibha Deo and Asha Mohan (2011) accomplishment motivation scale was used as a tool. Research Design: As there are three independent variables i.e., gender (male & female), type of management (government & private) and locality (rural & urban), each is divided in to two categories, a 2×2×2 factorial design was employed in the present study. Statistical Analysis: Means, SDs and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used. Results: Results revealed signicant impact of gender, type of management and locality with regard to achievement motivation among adolescents. Conclusions: Males have high achievement motivation than females; there is no signicant inuence of type of management on achievement motivation and students of urban areas have high achievement motivation than students of rural areas.

IMPACT OF DIGITAL MARKETING: THE PRESENT SCENARIO IN TELANGANA STATE – AN EMPERICAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (65) ◽  
pp. 15164-15172
Author(s):  
S. Pratap ◽  
Aziz Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Digital Marketing ◽  
Rural And Remote ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rural And Remote Areas ◽  
Telangana State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

In present scenario of COVID-19, the effect of pandemic on Digital Marketing is visible not only in urban areas but also in rural areas. Customers are searching for various products and services through Google by which they can purchase wide range of products and services to fill their needs and desires at relatively low price. The freedom to select numerous products is available by browsing various websites. Hence this study focuses on Impact of digital marketing particularly in the selected rural areas of Telangana state. This state been formed recently but in the IT sector it is receiving much attention throughout the globe, as many MNC’s are establishing their operations in this state. Therefore, an attempt has been made in this study to find out how the Impact of digital marketing is trickling down in the rural and remote areas of newly formed Telangana state. Hence this study focuses the impact of digital marketing in the selected areas of Telangana state.

scholarly journals Treatments’ Complexity in Dental Care Assistance, Urban Versus Rural Environment - Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
Camelia Ionescu ◽  
Mădălina Adriana Malița ◽  
Viorel Ștefan Perieanu ◽  
Mihai Burlibașa ◽  
Magdalena Natalia Dina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Care ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Facial Region ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Dental Offices ◽  
Care Assistance ◽  
Urban Versus ◽  
Made In

Abstract When talking about dental assistance we actually refer to the prevention, detection and treatment of diseases of the oral and maxillo-facial region which, in most cases, have as a starting point or interest the dento-maxillary system. In this material, we tried to present a comparative study on the typology and complexity of different stages of dental treatments that can be performed in urban areas, compared to various stages of dental treatments that are performed and / or could be made in rural dental offices from in Romania.

scholarly journals THE URBIS PROJECT: IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POTENTIAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT AREAS AS A WEB-BASED SERVICE

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B4 ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
Nina Manzke ◽  
Martin Kada ◽  
Thomas Kastler ◽  
Shaojuan Xu ◽  
Norbert de Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
End Users ◽  
Information Services ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Site Specific

Urban sprawl and the related landscape fragmentation is a Europe-wide challenge in the context of sustainable urban planning. The URBan land recycling Information services for Sustainable cities (URBIS) project aims for the development, implementation, and validation of web-based information services for urban vacant land in European functional urban areas in order to provide end-users with site specific characteristics and to facilitate the identification and evaluation of potential development areas. The URBIS services are developed based on open geospatial data. In particular, the Copernicus Urban Atlas thematic layers serve as the main data source for an initial inventory of sites. In combination with remotely sensed data like SPOT5 images and ancillary datasets like OpenStreetMap, detailed site specific information is extracted. Services are defined for three main categories: i) baseline services, which comprise an initial inventory and typology of urban land, ii) update services, which provide a regular inventory update as well as an analysis of urban land use dynamics and changes, and iii) thematic services, which deliver specific information tailored to end-users' needs.

SELF CONFIDENCE AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-58
Author(s):  
B. Venkataramana
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
School Students ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In ◽  
Type Of Management

An attempt was made in the present investigation to study the impact of gender and locality and type of management on self condence among high school students. The present study consists of 400 students studying in government and private high schools in rural and urban areas in Kadapa District of Andhra Pradesh State. The subjects were in the age group of 14-17 years and using purposive random sampling method. Self-condence Inventory developed by Basavanna (1975) was used to collect the data. A 2×2×2 factorial design was employed and ANOVA was used to analyse the data. Findings of the study revealed that gender, type of management and locality have signicant impact on self condence among high school students.

scholarly journals The Role of Mean Sea Level Annual Cycle on Extreme Water Levels Along European Coastline

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3419
Author(s):  
Tomás Fernández-Montblanc ◽  
Jesús Gómez-Enri ◽  
Paolo Ciavola
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Coastal Flooding ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Impact

The knowledge of extreme total water levels (ETWLs) and the derived impact, coastal flooding and erosion, is crucial to face the present and future challenges exacerbated in European densely populated coastal areas. Based on 24 years (1993–2016) of multimission radar altimetry, this paper investigates the contribution of each water level component: tide, surge and annual cycle of monthly mean sea level (MMSL) to the ETWLs. It focuses on the contribution of the annual variation of MMSL in the coastal flooding extreme events registered in a European database. In microtidal areas (Black, Baltic and Mediterranean Sea), the MMSL contribution is mostly larger than tide, and it can be at the same order of magnitude of the surge. In meso and macrotidal areas, the MMSL contribution is <20% of the total water level, but larger (>30%) in the North Sea. No correlation was observed between the average annual cycle of monthly mean sea level (AMMSL) and coastal flooding extreme events (CFEEs) along the European coastal line. Positive correlations of the component variance of MMSL with the relative frequency of CFEEs extend to the Central Mediterranean (r = 0.59), North Sea (r = 0.60) and Baltic Sea (r = 0.75). In the case of positive MMSL anomalies, the correlation expands to the Bay of Biscay and northern North Atlantic (at >90% of statistical significance). The understanding of the spatial and temporal patterns of a combination of all the components of the ETWLs shall improve the preparedness and coastal adaptation measures to reduce the impact of coastal flooding.

scholarly journals Ground subsidence and heave over permafrost: hourly time series reveal interannual, seasonal and shorter-term movement caused by freezing, thawing and water movement

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1437-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Water Movement ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Ground Subsidence ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Frozen Ground ◽  
Process Understanding ◽  
Winter Peak ◽  
Warm Permafrost

Abstract. Heave and subsidence of the ground surface can offer insight into processes of heat and mass transfer in freezing and thawing soils. Additionally, subsidence is an important metric for monitoring and understanding the transformation of permafrost landscapes under climate change. Corresponding ground observations, however, are sparse and episodic. A simple tilt-arm apparatus with logging inclinometer has been developed to measure heave and subsidence of the ground surface with hourly resolution and millimeter accuracy. This contribution reports data from the first two winters and the first full summer, measured at three sites with contrasting organic and frost-susceptible soils in warm permafrost. The patterns of surface movement differ significantly between sites and from a prediction based on the Stefan equation and observed ground temperature. The data are rich in features of heave and subsidence that are several days to several weeks long and that may help elucidate processes in the ground. For example, late-winter heave followed by thawing and subsidence, as reported in earlier literature and hypothesized to be caused by infiltration and refreezing of water into permeable frozen ground, has been detected. An early-winter peak in heave, followed by brief subsidence, is discernible in a previous publication but so far has not been interpreted. An effect of precipitation on changes in surface elevation can be inferred with confidence. These results highlight the potential of ground-based observation of subsidence and heave as an enabler of progress in process understanding, modeling and interpretation of remotely sensed data.

scholarly journals Intraurban Differences of Surface Energy Fluxes in a Central European City

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Offerle ◽  
C. S. B. Grimmond ◽  
K. Fortuniak ◽  
W. Pawlak
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Impervious Surface ◽  
Turbulent Heat Flux ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Lookup Table ◽  
Turbulent Heat ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Surface Cover

Abstract Surface properties, such as roughness and vegetation, which vary both within and between urban areas, play a dominant role in determining surface–atmosphere energy exchanges. The turbulent heat flux partitioning is examined within a single urban area through measurements at four locations in Łódź, Poland, during August 2002. The dominant surface cover (land use) at the sites was grass (airport), 1–3-story detached houses with trees (residential), large 2–4-story buildings (industrial), and 3–6-story buildings (downtown). However, vegetation, buildings, and other “impervious” surface coverage vary within some of these sites on the scale of the turbulent flux measurements. Vegetation and building cover for Łódź were determined from remotely sensed data and an existing database. A source-area model was then used to develop a lookup table to estimate surface cover fractions more accurately for individual measurements. Bowen ratios show an inverse relation with increasing vegetation cover both for a site and, more significant, between sites, as expected. Latent heat fluxes at the residential site were less dependent on short-term rainfall than at the grass site. Sensible heat fluxes were positively correlated with impervious surface cover and building intensity. These results are consistent with previous findings (focused mainly on differences between cities) and highlight the value of simple measures of land cover as predictors of spatial variations of urban climates both within and between urban areas.

scholarly journals Self-Assessment of Hygiene Practices towards Predictive and Preventive Medicine Intervention: A Case Study of University Students in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen T. Odonkor ◽  
Jones Kitcher ◽  
Mavis Okyere ◽  
Tahiru Mahami
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
University Students ◽  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Hygiene Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Prediction And Prevention ◽  
Good Hygiene

Introduction. Personal hygiene is essential to the current paradigm shift towards predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine, which enables the prediction and prevention of infectious disease outbreaks. Objective. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the personal hygiene practices among university students aiming at providing a basis for preventive and predictive medical interventions and to make future efforts improve target interventions for young people. Methods. The study was conducted using a cross-sectional study. Validated instruments that related personal hygiene practices were used to obtain quantitative data from 412 tertiary students from seven universities in Accra, Ghana. The resulting data were analyzed with IBM-SPSS, version 23. Results. There were more female respondents (54.4%) in the study than male respondents (45.6%). Respondents between the age group of 19-24 years constituted majority (59.7%) of the respondents in the study. Respondents from urban areas exhibited good hygiene practice compared to those from urban residences. There was a significant association between residence and hygiene practice (χ2=17.8, P≤0.001). We also observed that those respondents within the upper class in society had a poor hygiene practice, compared to the Lower Class and Middle Class respondents. Lack of education (63.1%) was observed as the main barrier to personal hygiene among the respondents. Future of the society depends on the health of its youth. Conclusion. A significant number of students are not actively practicing good hygiene. There is a need for deployment of preventive medicine interventions targeted at young people. It calls for improvement in methods of hygiene education for young people in tertiary institutions and the inclusion of hygiene in school curricula.

Vulnerability to Coastal Flooding of Industrial Urban Areas in Greece

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-766
Author(s):  
Christina Giannakidou ◽  
Danae Diakoulaki ◽  
Constantine D. Memos
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Coastal Flooding
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