Genetically engineered reagents

1990 ◽  
Vol 333 (1628) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Keyword(s):  
Biological Samples ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Recombinant Dna Technology ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Protein Molecules ◽  
Dna Technology

The development of recombinant DNA technology has led to the wide availability of reagents for the analysis of trace quantities of macromolecules and small chemical agents. The cloning and expression of genes coding for the synthesis of proteins and enzymes has meant that previously scarce protein molecules have now become available as both standards for their own measurement in biological samples and as reagents for the determination and measurement of other molecules. In addition the advent of recombinant DNA technology has led to the development and advancement of valuable ‘spin off’ capabilities such as (i) site directed mutagenesis providing the ability to specifically alter the amino acid sequence and structure of protein molecules at the level of the gene, (ii) the synthesis of DNA probes to provide for both the isolation and detection of specific gene sequences in biological samples and (iii) gene amplification employing techniques such as the polymerase chain reaction to amplify and provide multiple hundred to thousands of copies of the specific gene sequence.

Antigens produced by recombinant DNA technology.

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1838-1842 ◽  
Author(s):  
J L Fox ◽  
M Klass
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Recombinant Dna Technology ◽  
Viral Origin ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Viral Culture ◽  
Structural Nature ◽  
Dna Technology ◽  
Competition Assays ◽  
Immunodominant Epitopes

Abstract Some of the greatest beneficiaries of the revolutionary advances in biotechnology over the past 15 years have been producers of diagnostic reagents, especially for the cloning and expression of antigens, primarily of viral origin. Recombinant DNA technology provides methods for producing antigens for diagnostic assays that are more highly purified, more specific, and safer to produce than viral culture and that are significantly less expensive to manufacture. Antigens so produced can be used for production of antibodies or antisera for competition assays, as reagents for mapping epitopes, as affinity-chromatography ligands for purification of antibodies or protein, and as research reagents. Their initial use in some hepatitis B assays may be primarily a cost-reduction application, but in other applications (e.g., HIV diagnostic tests) they present the first opportunity to commercially produce an otherwise very expensive antigen. Recombinant-DNA-produced antigens are also being used to develop safer vaccines, but not, however, without some consideration of the structural nature of immunodominant epitopes and the adequacy of the immune response.

Transgenic Livestock in Agriculture: New Animals for a New World?

1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Caird E. Rexroad
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Recombinant Dna Technology ◽  
Gene Insertion ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Transgenic Livestock ◽  
Dna Technology

Recombinant DNA technology and techniques for gene insertion into animals have generated promises of animals genetically engineered to be healthy, productive, and sources of novel and/or improved foods and fibre, Transgenic animals have also generated concerns about the production of monsters that will cause ecological catastrophes. Here, current research on the insertion of new genes into livestock is described, and an attempt is made to provide a scientific perspective on the likelihood of either outcome.

Genetic engineering approaches to the development of modern therapeutics

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
E. G. Bogomolova ◽  
P. M. Kopeykin ◽  
A. A. Tagaev
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Dna Vaccines ◽  
Genetic Defect ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Vaccine Platform ◽  
Recombinant Dna Technology ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Dna Technology

The classic approach to production of protein-based therapeutics is their isolation from natural sources. This approach was associated with a number of difficulties, such as collecting the primary material from natural sources, isolating and purifying the protein, and its standardizing. With the development of recombinant DNA technology, itbecame possible to obtain large quantities of protein preparations lacking any contaminations. Human insulin produced using recombinant DNA technology is the first commercial therapeutic obtained by this way. Due to the rapid development of genetic engineering technologies, a large number of proteins have been obtained inEscherichia colicells. In recent years, the approach for the development of drugs based on DNA molecules containing genes encoding therapeutic proteins has been developing more actively. Today, many scientists believe in the prospects of application of DNA vaccines. The ease of production, stability, the ability to mimic natural infections and elicit appropriate immune responses make this vaccine platform extremely attractive. Delivery and targeting of immunologically relevant cells are major tasks for maximizing the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines. Several different approaches that are currently being used to achieve this goal are discussed in this review. Pharmaceuticals based on nucleic acids have a number of undeniable advantages. The main options for prophylactic RNA vaccines, the methods used to deliver RNA to the cell, and methods for increasing the effectiveness of RNA vaccines are discussed. Usage of therapeutic drugs based on protein molecules and low molecular weight compounds is complicated by the fact that they cannot be targeted at a specific gene or its protein product, responsible for the occurrence of the disease. Action of nucleic acids can be directly directed to a particular DNA region in order to edit its nucleotide sequence. This method allows to correct a genetic defect, eliminating the cause of the disease. The principles of gene therapy and the successes achieved in this area are discussed. This review summarizes current achievements in the development of drugs based on recombinant proteins and nucleic acids.

scholarly journals Biotin Production by Using Recombinant DNA Technology

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (Special) ◽  
pp. 263-266
Author(s):  
O. IFUKU ◽  
S. HAZE ◽  
J. KISHIMOTO ◽  
M. YANAGI
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Recombinant Dna Technology ◽  
Dna Technology

Introduction to Recombinant DNA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-411
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Cederbaum
Keyword(s):  
Inborn Errors Of Metabolism ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Phenylalanine Hydroxylase ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
Recombinant Dna Technology ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Dna Technology ◽  
Basic Vocabulary ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Many

Seldom has a scientific or biomedical break-through evoked the awe, controversy, or sheer incredulity that has accompanied the developments in the field of recombinant DNA technology or more popularly, gene cloning and genetic engineering. Now little more than one generation after Avery, et al1 demonstrated that genes were encoded in DNA and Watson and Crick2 interpreted the structure of these molecules, genes are being cut, manipulated, and recombined to produce unprecedented new insights into genetics and molecular biology and the prospect of gene therapy. These developments have not occurred without anxiety to both scientists and laymen. At the moment, neither the most apocalyptic fears nor the most optimistic dreams appear to be imminent, although I believe that the dreams are closer to fulfillment than the fears. Recombinant DNA technology is already having great impact in hematology, oncology, endocrinology, immunology, and infectious disease and will soon play an important role in other medical subspecialities as well. In none, however, will it have quite the same impact as in genetics because DNA is the material that genetics "is all about." The cloning and study of phenylalanine hydroxylase is one of the first instances in which this technology has important implications in the diseases traditionally classified as inborn errors of metabolism. In order to understand and appreciate the presentation by Woo on phenylalanine hydroxylase as well as the many future papers that will play so vital a role in all of our professional lives, it is necessary to acquire the basic vocabulary of the field.

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