Defence applications of marine technology

1982 ◽  
Vol 307 (1499) ◽  
pp. 289-293
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Maritime Technology ◽  
Operational Systems ◽  
Marine Technology ◽  
Ocean Forecasting ◽  
Atmospheric Phenomena ◽  
Data Banks

The time it takes from the development of new technology to the introduction of operational systems in naval defence is generally approximately two decades; thus most of what will be applied in the 1990s is already in development. Some of the key areas of defence interests that are directly affected by advances in maritime technology are undersea detection (by sonar), atmospheric detection of flying objects, and ocean forecasting to the fleet. Developments in remote sensing, oceanic and atmospheric phenomena and very large computers and data banks are important in both deployment and operational strategies as well as the development of new systems. Some of the major oceanographic and geophysical advances in this century were made because of the availability of defence technology. Examples are expendable temperature probes, sonobuoys for seismic refraction, and fathometry. It is interesting to examine what is being developed for defence purposes that may affect ocean research.

Application of remote sensing methods for assessment of anthropogenic transformation of rangelands

2000 ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
E. I. Rachkovskaya ◽  
S. S. Temirbekov ◽  
R. E. Sadvokasov
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Automated Classification ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
Initial Processing ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

Capabilities of the remote sensing methods for making maps of actual and potential vegetation, and assessment of the extent of anthropogenic transformation of rangelands are presented in the paper. Study area is a large intermountain depression, which is under intensive agricultural use. Color photographs have been made by Aircraft camera Wild Heerburg RC-30 and multispectral scanner Daedalus (AMS) digital aerial data (6 bands, 3.5m resolution) have been used for analysis of distribution and assessment of the state of vegetation. Digital data were processed using specialized program ENVI 3.0. Main stages of the development of cartographic models have been described: initial processing of the aerial images and their visualization, preliminary pre-field interpretation (classification) of the images on the basis of unsupervised automated classification, field studies (geobotanical records and GPS measurements at the sites chosen at previous stage). Post-field stage had the following sub-stages: final geometric correction of the digital images, elaboration of the classification system for the main mapping subdivisions, final supervised automated classification on the basis of expert assessment. By systematizing clusters of the obtained classified image the cartographic models of the study area have been made. Application of the new technology of remote sensing allowed making qualitative and quantitative assessment of modern state of rangelands.

scholarly journals Lidar uncertainty and beam averaging correction

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Giyanani ◽  
W. Bierbooms ◽  
G. van Bussel
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Complex Terrain ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
International Guideline ◽  
Wind Resource Assessment ◽  
Draft Version ◽  
Wind Resource ◽  
Atmospheric Variables

Abstract. Remote sensing of the atmospheric variables with the use of Lidar is a relatively new technology field for wind resource assessment in wind energy. A review of the draft version of an international guideline (CD IEC 61400-12-1 Ed.2) used for wind energy purposes is performed and some extra atmospheric variables are taken into account for proper representation of the site. A measurement campaign with two Leosphere vertical scanning WindCube Lidars and metmast measurements is used for comparison of the uncertainty in wind speed measurements using the CD IEC 61400-12-1 Ed.2. The comparison revealed higher but realistic uncertainties. A simple model for Lidar beam averaging correction is demonstrated for understanding deviation in the measurements. It can be further applied for beam averaging uncertainty calculations in flat and complex terrain.

scholarly journals New technology for mineral deposits prediction to identify prospective areas in the Zhezkazgan ore region

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-142
Author(s):  
Boris Zeylik ◽  
Yalkunzhan Arshamov ◽  
Refat Baratov ◽  
Alma Bekbotayeva
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Erdas Imagine ◽  
Radar Satellite

Purpose. Exploration and predicting the prospective areas in the Zhezkazgan ore region to set up detailed prospecting and evaluation works using new integrated technologies of prediction constructions in the mineral deposits geology. Methods. An integrated methodological approach is used, including methods for deciphering the Earth’s remote sensing (ERS) data, the use of geophysical data and methods of analogy and actualism. All constructions are made in accordance with the principles of shock-explosive tectonics (SET). Prediction constructions are started with the selection of remote sensing data for the studied region and interpretation based on the processing of radar satellite images obtained from the Radarsat-1 satellite. The radar satellite images are processed in the Erdas Imagine software package. Findings. New local prospective areas have been identified, within which it is expected to discover the deposits. Their reserves are to replenish the depleted ore base in the Zhezkazgan region. Area of the gravity maximum 1 (the Near), considered to be the most promising, is located in close proximity to the city of Zhezkazgan; area of the gravity maximum 2 (the Middle); area of the gravity maximum 3 (the Distant-Tabylga); area of the gravity maximum 6 (the Central). A prospective area has been also revealed, overlaid by a loose sediment cover and located inside the Terekty ring structure, as well as the area of a thick stratum of pyritized grey sandstones, which is adjacent to the Sh-2 well drilled to the south of the Zhezkazgan field. Originality. The use of a new prediction technology, in contrast to the known ones, is conditioned by the widespread use of the latest remote information from satellite images, which increases the accuracy of identifying the prospective areas of fields. Practical implications. The new technology for predicting mineral deposits makes it possible to significantly reduce the areas exposed to priority prospecting, which provides significant cost savings.

A New Generation of Ground-Based Mobile Platforms for Active and Passive Profiling of the Boundary Layer

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Wagner ◽  
Petra M. Klein ◽  
David D. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Mobile Systems ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Stream Line ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Mobile Platforms ◽  
Atmospheric Phenomena

AbstractMobile systems equipped with remote sensing instruments capable of simultaneous profiling of temperature, moisture, and wind at high temporal resolutions can offer insights into atmospheric phenomena that the operational network cannot. Two recently developed systems, the Space Science and Engineering Center (SSEC) Portable Atmospheric Research Center (SPARC) and the Collaborative Lower Atmosphere Profiling System (CLAMPS), have already experienced great success in characterizing a variety of phenomena. Each system contains an Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer for thermodynamic profiling and a Halo Photonics Stream Line Doppler wind lidar for kinematic profiles. These instruments are augmented with various in situ and remote sensing instruments to provide a comprehensive assessment of the evolution of the lower troposphere at high temporal resolution (5 min or better). While SPARC and CLAMPS can be deployed independently, the common instrument configuration means that joint deployments with well-coordinated data collection and analysis routines are easily facilitated.In the past several years, SPARC and CLAMPS have participated in numerous field campaigns, which range from mesoscale campaigns that require the rapid deployment and teardown of observing systems to multiweek fixed deployments, providing crucial insights into the behavior of many different atmospheric boundary layer processes while training the next generation of atmospheric scientists. As calls for a nationwide ground-based profiling network continue, SPARC and CLAMPS can play an important role as test beds and prototype nodes for such a network.

RealSens™: An Advanced Passive Airborne Natural Gas Leak Detection Technology

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Banica ◽  
Chris K. Sheard ◽  
Boyd T. Tolton
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Infrared Band ◽  
Underground Pipelines ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Gas Leak ◽  
Gas Leaks ◽  
Transmission And Distribution

Detecting natural gas leaks from the worlds nearly 5 million kilometers of underground pipelines is a difficult and costly challenge. Existing technologies are limited to ground deployment and have a number of limitations such as slow response, false leak readings and high costs. Various remote sensing solutions have been proposed in the past and a few are currently being developed. This paper starts by describing the remote sensing concept and then will focus on a new technology developed by Synodon scientists. This airborne instrument is a passive Gas Filter Correlation Radiometer (GFCR) that is tuned to measure ethane in the 3.3 microns near-infrared band. With its target natural gas column sensitivity of 50 μm, the instrument is capable of detecting very small leaks in the range of 5–10 cuft/hr in winds that exceed 6 miles/hr. The paper concludes with a description of the service which Synodon will be offering to the transmission and distribution pipeline operators using the new technology.

Results of Field Trials of Realsens™, An Airborne Natural Gas Leak Detection Technology

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Banica ◽  
Doug Miller ◽  
Boyd T. Tolton
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Infrared Band ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Gas Leak ◽  
Gas Leaks

Detecting natural gas leaks from the worlds nearly 5 million kilometers of underground pipelines is a difficult and costly challenge. Existing technologies are limited to ground deployment and have a number of limitations such as slow response, false leak readings and high costs. Various remote sensing solutions have been proposed in the past and a few are currently being developed. This paper starts by describing the remote sensing concept and then will focus on a new technology developed by Synodon scientists. This airborne instrument is a passive Gas Filter Correlation Radiometer (GFCR) that is tuned to measure ethane in the 3.3 microns near-infrared band. The paper will then present the results of the first airborne field tests and conclude with a description of the service which Synodon will be offering to the transmission and distribution pipeline operators using the new technology.

scholarly journals Water resource monitoring systems and the role of satellite observations

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. J. M. van Dijk ◽  
L. J. Renzullo
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Model Evaluation ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Resource Monitoring ◽  
Operational Systems

Abstract. Spatial water resource monitoring systems (SWRMS) can provide valuable information in support of water management, but current operational systems are few and provide only a subset of the information required. Necessary innovations include the explicit description of water redistribution and water use from river and groundwater systems, achieving greater spatial detail (particularly in key features such as irrigated areas and wetlands), and improving accuracy as assessed against hydrometric observations, as well as assimilating those observations. The Australian water resources assessment (AWRA) system aims to achieve this by coupling landscape models with models describing surface water and groundwater dynamics and water use. A review of operational and research applications demonstrates that satellite observations can improve accuracy and spatial detail in hydrological model estimation. All operational systems use dynamic forcing, land cover classifications and a priori parameterisation of vegetation dynamics that are partially or wholly derived from remote sensing. Satellite observations are used to varying degrees in model evaluation and data assimilation. The utility of satellite observations through data assimilation can vary as a function of dominant hydrological processes. Opportunities for improvement are identified, including the development of more accurate and higher spatial and temporal resolution precipitation products, and the use of a greater range of remote sensing products in a priori model parameter estimation, model evaluation and data assimilation. Operational challenges include the continuity of research satellite missions and data services, and the need to find computationally-efficient data assimilation techniques. The successful use of observations critically depends on the availability of detailed information on observational error and understanding of the relationship between remotely-sensed and model variables, as affected by conceptual discrepancies and spatial and temporal scaling.

Advances in remote sensing technologies for forest surveys and management

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald G. Leckie
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Forest Damage ◽  
Remote Sensing Technology ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques

Canadian forest management has had a long history of developing and implementing remote sensing technology and is a major user of remote sensing. Despite difficulties in developing and implementing new digital remote sensing techniques, several key developments in Canadian forest management and in remote sensing and computer technology make the development and implementation of new remote sensing techniques at this time feasible and appropriate. Integration of different remote sensing technologies, remote sensing data with other information sources through geographic information systems, and remote sensing interpretations with forest management systems and practices are critical. Current capabilities and new advances in remote sensing technology for forest survey (excluding forest damage assessment) are discussed. Satellite imagery is a cost-effective tool for broad forest type mapping. New satellite systems improve this capability, but their major impact will be in inventories for new clear-cut and burned areas. Advances in linear array imager technology and lidar systems may lead to development of an end to end inventory mapping system. This system would provide an alternative to aerial photography and current mapping methods and could revolutionize the way forests are inventoried. Imaging spectrometry is a new technology with applications in damage assessment, but as yet has limited potential for assisting in other forest surveys. Spaceborne imaging radar systems are being developed for the 1990s. These systems can produce imagery under cloudy conditions. Their major impact on forestry will be to provide an alternative to visible-infrared satellite data for inventory update.

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