scholarly journals Extract from a letter from M. Kämtz addressed to Colonel Sabine (Translation)

1854 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 300-303
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Force ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
Terrestrial Magnetism

I have just completed the memoir on terrestrial magnetism which I mentioned to you in former letters. It would follow from the materials which I have employed, that the horizontal force requires constants which differ from those for the vertical force, and the differences, although for the most part not considerable are sometimes too large, as it appears to me, to be overlooked: it is for observers to decide in this matter.

scholarly journals XXIII. On the nature of the sun’s magnetic action upon the earth

1863 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 503-516
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
Terrestrial Magnetism ◽  
Magnetic Effects ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Magnetic Action

1. In attempting to frame a theory which shall account for the relations which have been shown to exist between the variations of terrestrial magnetism and the position of the sun with respect to the place of observation on the earth’s surface, the following question presents itself for consideration at an early stage of the inquiry, “Are the magnetic effects produced on the earth such as could be explained by the simple supposition that the sun is a great magnet, or not ?” The solution of this question will, to a certain extent, limit the range of probable sources from which to seek the true cause of mag­netic variations, and is therefore worthy of attention. 2. In the first place, let us endeavour to find the law of the diurnal variations of the Declination, Horizontal Force, and Vertical Force at a given place on the earth’s surface, on the supposition that these variations arise from the varying relations, as to position, of the sun acting as a magnet upon the earth.

scholarly journals XIII. On the diurnal inequalities of terrestrial magnetism, as deduced from observa­tions made at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, from 1841 to 1857

1863 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 309-316
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Magnetic Storms ◽  
The State ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
Terrestrial Magnetism ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Receive

It has been usual for the Royal Society to receive among their communications and to publish in their ‘Transactions’ the epitomized results of long series of voluminous observations and laborious calculations, of which the fundamental details have been printed in works specially devoted to those subjects. The paper which I have the honour now to submit to the Society consists principally of results of this class. It exhibits in curves the Diurnal Inequalities of Terrestrial Magnetism, as obtained by the use of instruments essentially the same through the whole period of the seventeen years; during the last ten years of which the magnetic indications have been automa­tically recorded by photographic self-registration, on a system which has been continued to the present time (1863) and is still to be continued. I offer these results to the Royal Society in the hope that they will prove no unimportant contribution to a record of the state of Terrestrial Magnetism at Greenwich, through a period which is likely to be esteemed a very important one in the general history of the science. The magnets of the three magnetometers (Declination, Horizontal Force, Vertical Force), from which these indications are obtained, are 2-foot magnets, such as were introduced by Gauss about the time of commencing this series of observations; two of them were prepared at Gottingen. If I had now to establish a magnetical apparatus, I should probably adopt magnets of smaller dimensions. Yet there are advantages in the use of large magnets, as the power of carrying large mirrors, &c., which I would not lightly forego. And, judging from the completeness and delicacy of the registers of magnetic storms made by all three instruments, I have reason to believe that the general accuracy of the records is almost as great as it will be possible to obtain with any instru­ments. I have therefore not thought it necessary to make any change in the instru­mental system.

Fore-Aft Forces in Tire-Wheel Assemblies Generated by Unbalances and the Influence of Balancing

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Stutts ◽  
W. Soedel ◽  
S. K. Jha
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Elastic Foundation ◽  
Torsional Oscillation ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Torsional Stiffness ◽  
Rolling Motion ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
Wheel Rim ◽  
Open Question

Abstract When measuring bearing forces of the tire-wheel assembly during drum tests, it was found that beyond certain speeds, the horizontal force variations or so-called fore-aft forces were larger than the force variations in the vertical direction. The explanation of this phenomenon is still somewhat an open question. One of the hypothetical models argues in favor of torsional oscillations caused by a changing rolling radius. But it appears that there is a simpler answer. In this paper, a mathematical model of a tire consisting of a rigid tread ring connected to a freely rotating wheel or hub through an elastic foundation which has radial and torsional stiffness was developed. This model shows that an unbalanced mass on the tread ring will cause an oscillatory rolling motion of the tread ring on the drum which is superimposed on the nominal rolling. This will indeed result in larger fore-aft than vertical force variations beyond certain speeds, which are a function of run-out. The rolling motion is in a certain sense a torsional oscillation, but postulation of a changing rolling radius is not necessary for its creation. The model also shows the limitation on balancing the tire-wheel assembly at the wheel rim if the unbalance occurs at the tread band.

scholarly journals Report of the Kew Committee for the fourteen months ending December 31, 1891

1892 ◽  
Vol 51 (308-314) ◽  
pp. 152-182
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Force ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
Increased Activity

The operations of The Kew Observatory, in the Old Deer Park, Richmond, Surrey, are controlled by the Kew Committee, which is constituted as follows: The magnetographs have worked satisfactorily all through since last report. The curves obtained, representing Declination, Horizontal Force, and Vertical Force, have shown a marked increased activity in terrestrial magnetic changes as compared with the preceding year, although no very large disturbances have been registered.

scholarly journals V. Discussion of Kew magnetic data, especially the diurnal inequalities of horizontal force and vertical force, from ordinary days of the eleven years 1890 to 1900

1916 ◽  
Vol 216 (538-548) ◽  
pp. 187-277 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Regular Part ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Magnetic Data ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
The Absolute

1. In 1901 the development of electrical traction in West London rendered it clear that unless conditions altered in an unexpected direction, no further magnetic records from Kew Observatory would be sufficiently free from artificial disturbances to be an altogether satisfactory medium for the minute study of phenomena such as the regular diurnal variation. The time seemed to have come for taking stock of the records obtained. The measurement of magnetic curves formed no regular part of the work at Kew Observatory until 1890. Prior to that date the Annual Reports contained only a summary of the results of the absolute observations. Since 1890 the programme of work has included the measurement of the magnetic curves for 5 “quiet" days a month.

scholarly journals I. On the diurnal variations of the disturbances of the magnetic declination at Lisbon

1876 ◽  
Vol 24 (164-170) ◽  
pp. 373-375
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Total Force ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
Magnetic Declination ◽  
The Subject

The Observatory of Infante D. Luiz has possessed since 1863 a set of magnetographs giving continuous records similar to those at Kew. In 1870 the results of the declination magnetograph, from the year 1864 to 1867, were published; and in 1874 the results for the same period of the bifilar and balance magnetographs (results embracing the horizontal force, vertical force, total force, and inclination) were published. At present the results of the declination for 1868 to 1871 are in course of publication. The subject of this short paper is the diurnal variations of the disturbances of the declination. The method which has been adopted for reducing the disturbances is that of Sir Edward Sabine. I have taken ± 2 millimetres, or 2'·26, as the limits, beyond which limits all readings are regarded as disturbed.

Static Analysis on the Measurement System of an Electronic Belt Scale

2013 ◽  
Vol 345 ◽  
pp. 525-529
Author(s):  
Hong Gan ◽  
Kun Chen ◽  
Xing Hong Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
Sensor Output ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Supporting Roller ◽  
Weight Sensor ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Source Of Error ◽  
Belt Weigher

The Principal Purpose of the Present Work is to Investigate the Measurement System of a Direct Loading Electronic Belt Scale with a Single Supporting Roller, Revealing the Relationship between Weight Sensor Output and Vertical as well as Horizontal Force Subjected to Carrier Roller by Means of a Finite Element Software ANSYS. the Results Conclusively Indicate that there is a Good Linear Relationship between the Vertical Force and the Sensor Output while the Output is Independent from the Horizontal One with the Full-Bridge Circuit Applied to Measuring Circuit for Transducer. Variation in Horizontal Force Acting on Carrier Roller is Not a Major Source of Error in the Measurement by a Belt Weigher.

Gait analysis by means of plantar friction; ratio of horizontal force to vertical force

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002.1 (0) ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka NAKANISHI ◽  
Hidehiko HIGAKI ◽  
Hiroomi MIYAGAWA
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Horizontal Force

scholarly journals Report on the observatory department for the year ending December 31, 1900

1901 ◽  
Vol 68 (442-450) ◽  
pp. 421-453
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Force ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
Constant Operation ◽  
Made In

The Magnetographs have been in constant operation throughout the year, and the usual determinations of the Scale Values were made in January. The ordinates of the various photographic curves representing Declination, Horizontal Force, and Vertical Force were then found to be as follows :— Declinometer : 1 cm. = 0° 8'·7.

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