Report of experiments made on the tides in the Irish Sea; on the similarity of the tidal phenomena of the Irish and English Chan­nels; and on the importance of extending the experiments round the land’s-end and up the English Channel. Embodied in a letter to the hydrographer, by Captain F. W. Beechey, R. N., F. R. S.. Communicated by G. B. Airy, Esq., F. R. S., Astronomer Royal

1851 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 743-746
Keyword(s):  
High Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
English Channel ◽  
The North ◽  
The Irish Sea ◽  
The Times ◽  
North And South ◽  
Different Parts

The author commences by stating, that the set of the tides in the Irish Sea had always been misunderstood, owing to the disposition to associate the turn of the stream with the rise and fall of the water on the shore. This misapprehension, in a channel varying so much in its times of high water, could not fail to produce much mischief; and to this cause may be ascribed, in all probability, a large proportion of the wrecks in Caernarvon Bay. The present inquiry has dispelled these errors, and has furnished science with some new and interesting facts. It has shown that, notwithstanding the variety of times of high water, the turn of the stream throughout the north and south Channels occurs at the same hour, and that this time happens to coincide with the times of high and low water at Moricombe Bay, a place remarkable as being the spot where the streams coming round the opposite extremities of Ireland finally unite. These experiments, taken in connexion with those of the Ordnance made at the suggestion of Professor Airy, show that there are two spots in the Irish Sea, in one of which the stream runs with considerable rapidity, without there being any rise or fall of the water, and in the other the water rises and falls without having any perceptible stream; that the same stream makes high and low water in different parts of the channel at the same time; and that during certain portions of the tide, the stream, opposing the wave, runs up an ascent of one foot in three miles, with a velocity of three miles an hour.

XI.—The Glaciation of Holyhead Mountain

1904 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 504-505
Author(s):  
Edward Greenly
Keyword(s):  
Irish Sea ◽  
General Level ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Scottish Highlands ◽  
The North ◽  
The Irish Sea ◽  
North And South ◽  
Sea Cliffs

The bare and rocky hill known as Holyhead Mountain is of considerable interest in connection with recent geological events, standing as it does some thirty miles out from the highlands of Carnarvonshire into the Irish Sea Basin; and in such remarkable isolation, for it is much the highest of the five hills which rise above the general level of the platform of Anglesey.Its height is only 721 feet, but so strongly featured is it, especially towards the west, that one feels the term ‘mountain’ to be no misnomer, and can hardly believe it to be really lower than many of our smooth wolds and downs of Oolite and Chalk. Being composed, moreover, of white quartzite (or more properly of quartzite-schist), and being so bare of vegetation, it recalls much more vividly certain types of scenery in the Scottish Highlands than anything in those Welsh mountains that one sees from its sides. Towards the east it slopes at a moderate angle, but a little west of the summit it is traversed by a very strong feature, due to a fault, running nearly north and south, along which is a line of great crags, facing west, and prolonged northwards into the still greater sea cliffs towards the North Stack. Beyond this the land still remains high, but is smoother in outline, a somewhat softer series of rocks extending from the fault to the South Stack, where the high moors end off in great cliffs above the sea.

scholarly journals A Note on the Water Movements in the English Channel and Neighbouring Seas, considered on the Basis of Salinity Distribution.

1925 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 670-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Lumby
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Southern Bight ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Normal Water ◽  
The Irish Sea

Comparison of the conceptions which have hitherto been held in regard to the hydrography of the English Channel with those which are offered as a result of the recent activities of the Atlantic Slope Committee, shows that a difference exists which, in the writer's opinion, lies in the interpretation of the material, rather than in the fundamental differences in the material itself. For example, it is stated that the physical character of the water in the English Channel is conditioned, especially in the summer months, by that of the North Sea water rather than by that of the Atlantic water. “En plein été, en août, les eaux chaudes de la mer du Nord affluent dans la Manche.” A similar regimen is suggested for the waters of the Irish Sea, which are said to be derived from the northward. Carruthers shows that the normal water movement in the eastern part of the English Channel is through Dover Straits into the Southern Bight, this movement appearing to be more persistent along the bottom than on the surface. Furthermore, one of the two months in which reversal of this direction appears least likely to occur is August.

Histriobdella homari on nephrops norvegicus from the irish sea and clyde sea area

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Briggs ◽  
R.J.A. Atkinson ◽  
M. McAliskey ◽  
A. Rogerson
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Southwestern Part ◽  
Nephrops Norvegicus ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Irish Sea ◽  
Clyde Sea ◽  
Sea Area

Histriobdella homari is a polychaete annelid belonging to the Order Eunicida and Family Histriobdellidae. Histriobdella homari is normally found in the gill chambers or among the eggs of the lobster Homarus vulgaris from the English Channel (Roscoff) and in the southwestern part of the North Sea (George & Hartmann-Schroder, 1985). Two independent sightings of H. homari living on the pleopods of Nephrops norvegicus from the Irish Sea and Clyde Sea area are reported.

Population dispersal in the brittle-star Ophiocomina nigra (Abildgaard) (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Wilson ◽  
N. A. Holme ◽  
R. L. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
English Channel ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Sea Bed ◽  
Cook Strait ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Irish Sea

A number of species of ophiuroid are known to occur in dense clusters on the sea-bed. Aggregations of Ophiothrix fragilis (Abildgaard) have been recorded from the English Channel by Allen (1899), Vevers (1951, 1952), Barnes (1955), Ancellin (1957), Cabioch (1961, 1967, 1968), Holme (1966), Warner (1969, 1971), and by Allain (1974). Beds of the same species have been found in the Irish Sea by Jones (1951) and by Brun (1969), on the west coast of Ireland by Könnecker & Keegan (1973) and Keegan (1974), and on the west coast of Scotland, where it is widespread in sea lochs and elsewhere around the coast (McIntyre, 1956, and personal communication, 1975). Records of Ophiothrix fragilis from the North Sea have been summarized by Ursin (1960). In the Mediterranean, aggregations of Ophiothrix quinquemaculata (D.Ch.) have been described by Guille (1964, 1965) from off the south coast of France, and by Czihak (1959) from the Adriatic. Hurley (1959) gives underwater photographs of Ophiocomina bollonsi Farquhar from the Cook Strait, New Zealand. Further examples of aggregation in ophiuroids and other echinoderms are cited by Reese (1966), Mileykovskiy (1967) and by Warner (1978).

scholarly journals Between East and West: Armorica and the European Bronze and Iron Ages

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Patrick Galliou ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
English Channel ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Dead End ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Irish Sea ◽  
Liquid Wall

As one of the peripheral regions of Europe, the Armorican peninsula is often believed to have been a cultural backwater, one that was hardly ever reached by the major cultural and technological changes taking place in late prehistoric continental cultures. For people living away from the ocean, the latter is often seen as an obscure threat, an awful obstacle, a liquid wall isolating continental masses and cultures from one another. However, the ocean was always used as a passageway, a link between peoples, and, later regions bordering the Atlantic, from the south of the Iberian Peninsula to the North Sea (Cunliffe 2001: 21–63). In this vast sea-space, the Armorican peninsula, situated at the articulation between two maritime zones — the Bay of Biscay to the south, the Irish Sea and the English Channel to the north — was a place where various cultural influences would come into contact and thrive. Far from being a dead end, it was perfectly integrated, during the various phases of its long history, in the major cultural and technological currents running along the western façade of Europe.

The Portencorkrie Complex of Wigtownshire

1943 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 171-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Holgate
Keyword(s):  
Geological Survey ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Ordnance Survey ◽  
Igneous Complex ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Plutonic Rocks ◽  
The Irish Sea ◽  
North And South

The Portencorkrie igneous complex, a trapezoidal area of plutonic rocks intrusive into Silurian sediments, is situated in the Rhinns district of Wigtownshire some sixteen miles south of Stranraer and about four miles north-west of the Mull of Galloway. It appears on the Geological Survey (Scotland) 1-inch Sheet 1, and lies within the Ordnance Survey 6-inch quarter-sheets Wigtownshire 33 S.W. and 37 N.W. To the north and south the igneous margin can be followed with fair accuracy, while to the east the boundary is obscured by drift. Westwards, the rocks pass beneath the Irish Sea.

scholarly journals III. On the tidal currents on the west coast of Scotland

1867 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Tidal Currents ◽  
The Other ◽  
English Channel ◽  
The West ◽  
Slack Water ◽  
Tidal Stream ◽  
The Times ◽  
Different Parts

The tidal currents on that part of the west coast of Scotland which is comprised between the Mull of Cantyre and the Island of Mull run in general with great velocity. Their velocity, direction, and the time of their change, or of slack water, are therefore matters of great importance to navigators. On the other hand, the rise and fall of the tide is so small, and the depth of water in the channels and the harbours so considerable, that the times of high and low water are of comparatively small import­ance. While the laws of the currents are thus of more importance than the laws of the rise and fall of the tide, they are also much more simple. The times of high and low water are very different at different parts of the oast, while the times of slack water are nearly the same throughout the whole region in question. In a great part of this region the current, which sets for six hours in one direction, has no distinct title to be considered either a flood tide or an ebb tide. The consequence is, that to describe the laws of the currents by reference to the time of high and low water, introduces great and unnecessary complexity. The application to the currents of the method first applied by Admiral Beechey to the tidal stream of the English Channel and German Ocean (Phil. Trans. 1851, p. 703) introduces at once order and simplicity, and makes that intelligible which before was only a confused maze.

scholarly journals The principal constituent of the tides in the English and Irish channels

1933 ◽  
Vol 231 (694-706) ◽  
pp. 29-53 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Integration ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Dynamical Equations ◽  
Small Curvature ◽  
The North ◽  
Degree Of Separation ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Irish Sea

1. A chart of co-tidal and co-range lines for the North Sea was prepared at the Tidal Institute in the year 1923, and the methods then used have now been further developed and improved and applied to the English Channel, the Irish Sea, and their approaches. The methods used depend largely upon the known dynamical equations connecting the currents with the gradients of the elevations. If any assumption be made as to the values of the range of tide and the relative phases of the elevation and currents, then we can deduce from this information at one station, not only the directions of the co-tidal and co-range lines at that point, but also the degree of separation of the lines for any given unit of phase or range. This criterion, applied to speculative charts hitherto published, suffices at once either to verify or to condemn the charts. Again, without any assumptions at all, from the gradients at a number of stations on a line of small curvature, starting at a point at which the elevation is known, the elevations at all points along the line can be computed by simple methods of numerical integration.

The medieval cultures of the Irish sea and the North Sea: Manannan and his neighbors [Book Review]

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 142-144
Author(s):  
John Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Irish Sea

Review(s) of: The medieval cultures of the Irish sea and the North Sea: Manannan and his neighbors, by MacQuarrie, Charles W., and Nagy, Joseph Falaky Nagy (eds), (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019) hardcover, 212 pages, 1 map, 4 figures, RRP euro99; ISBN 9789462989399.

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