scholarly journals On the magnetic phenomena produced by electricity. In a letter from Sir Humphry Davy, Bart. F. R. S. to W. H. Wollaston, M. D. P. R. S

1833 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 136-137
Keyword(s):  
Metal Forming ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Thick Plates ◽  
Steel Bar ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Humphry Davy ◽  
The Right ◽  
Magnetic Needle ◽  
Analogous Effect

In repeating the experiments of Oersted, Sir Humphry found that with a voltaic battery of 100 pair of 4-inch plates, the south pole of a magnetic needle placed under the communicating wire of platinum, (the positive end of the apparatus being on the right) was strongly attracted by the wire, which was shown to be itself magnetic, by its power of attracting steel filings, and of communicating permanent magnetism to steel bars attached to it transversely, while similar bars placed parallel to the wire were only magnetic during its connection with the voltaic apparatus. The actual contact, however, of the steel wire with that of platinum, or other metal forming the voltaic conductor, is not necessary, for magnetism was communicated to a needle placed transversely to it, but at some distance. Sir Humphry Davy next details some experiments, showing that the magnetic power is proportionate to the quantity of electricity passing through a given space, without any relation to the transmitting metal; and that the finer the wires, the stronger their magnetism. He found an analogous effect produced by the discharge of a Leyden phial through a wire; and by passing the discharge of a Leyden battery of 17 square feet through a silver wire, with a steel bar transversely attached to it of two inches in length, the latter became powerfully and permanently magnetic. The same effect was produced at a distance of five inches through air, water, and even through thick plates of glass.

scholarly journals Experiments and observations on the development of magnetical properties in steel and iron by percussion:—Part II

1833 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Simple Process ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
Compound Process ◽  
The Wire ◽  
To Receive

After adverting to the general results of his former inquiries, the author observes that his principal objects on the present occasion were to endeavour, by auxiliary rods of iron, to increase the degree of magnetism; and to ascertain on what circumstances, as to the magnitude of the iron rods, and the quality, size, and temper of the steel wires, the utmost success of the method depends. He formerly used a single iron rod, upon which the steel bars were hammered, both being in a vertical position. He now places the steel wire between two rods of iron, and subjecting it, through the medium of the upper rod, to percussion, derives the advantage of the magnetism of both rods of iron acting at the same time upon both its poles. The rods he used were of the respective lengths of three and one foot, and an inch diameter; and the upper end of the larger rod and the lower one of the smaller rod were made conical, there being an indentation in each to receive the ends of the steel wire. Some magnetism was then elicited by percussion in the larger rod, and the steel wire being properly placed between its upper extremity and the lower one of the small rod, the upper end of the latter was hammered, and magnetism thus communicated to the wire; whilst the lower rod, receiving some influence from the percussion, performed a similar office. The author calls this mode of proceeding, the com­pound process , to distinguish it from the mere hammering of the wire upon the rod, as practised by him formerly, and which he terms the simple process . He then enters into extended details of his several experiments, of which the following are the principal results: first, that the compound process is more effectual in the production of magnetism than the simple one , though the ratio of augmentation does not appear determinate. In one experiment, the maximum effect of the simple process was an attractive force capable of lifting between 186 and 246 grains, while the compound process augmented the lifting power to 326 grains. In another, the simple process gave a lifting power of 246 grains, the compound of 345 grains. Moreover, the efficacy of the compound process is much less manifest upon long than short wires, and is greatly impaired by diminishing the size of the rods.

Effect of Drawing Processes on Wire Breaking in Steel Wire Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 941-944 ◽  
pp. 1667-1670
Author(s):  
Ying Lei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Drawing Speed ◽  
Bending Stresses ◽  
The Wire ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Main Factor

Wire breaking is a major factor in the impact of wire drawing production, and drawing process is an important factor causing the wire breaking, which cannot be ignored. In this paper, the impact of tension, bending stresses, centrifugal stresses, compression ratio of die arrangement and drawing speed in the process of the wire drawing process on wire breaking were calculated theoretically. Then the corresponding measurements to reduce the rate of wire breaking were proposed. The results show that the the tension of drawing process was the main factor, while choosing the right compression ratio and drawing speed according to the actual situation, the rate of wire breaking could be reduced effectively.

scholarly journals Report of magnetic experiments tried on board an iron steam-vessel, by order of the Right Hon. the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 378-380
Keyword(s):  
Malleable Iron ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City ◽  
Magnetic Needle

This report commences with a description of the iron steam-vessel, the “Garryowen,” belonging to the City of Dublin Steam Packet Company, and built by the Messrs. Laird, of Liverpool. She is constructed of malleable iron, is 281 tons burthen, and draws only 5 1/4 feet water, although the weight of iron in the hull, machinery, &c. is 180 tons. This vessel was placed under the directions of the author, in Tarbert Bay, on the Shannon, on the 19th of October, 1835, for the purpose of investigating its local attractions on the compass. The methods which were adopted with that view are given ; together with tables of the results of the several experiments, and plans of the various parts of the Garryowen. The horizontal deflections of the magnetic needle at different situations in the vessel were observed, for the purpose of ascertaining the most advantageous place for a steering compass, and also for the application of Professor Barlow’s correcting plate : and the dip and intensity in these situations were, at the same time, noted.

Evaluation on the Addition of Inhibitor and Surface Treatment to Corrosion Behavior of the Reinforced Steel Bar Embedded in Mortar Specimen

2017 ◽  
Vol 744 ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
Kyung Man Moon ◽  
Sung Yul Lee ◽  
Jae Hyun Jeong ◽  
Myeong Hoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Test Specimen ◽  
Corrosion Current Density ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Mortar Specimen ◽  
Steel Bar ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
Reinforced Steel ◽  
One Year

In this study, seven types of mortar test specimens were manufactured with parameters, that is, the surface of the reinforced steel bar was treated with hot dip galvanizing (Zn) and the surface of the test specimen was coated with underwater paint, and four types of inhibitors (DAW, MCI, DCI, and Silcon) were added in mortars respectively. And, the seven types of mortar test specimens were immersed in seawater for 4 years. The corrosion properties of the reinforced steel bars embedded in mortar test specimens were investigated using electrochemical methods. The corrosion potentials of the test specimens with painting on the surface of the specimen and Zn coating on the surface of the steel bar exhibited the noblest and lowest values respectively after one year, however, after 4 years, the specimens of underwater painting and of addition of Silcon inhibitor indicated the noblest and lowest values of corrosion potentials respectively. Furthermore, the painting specimen exhibited the smallest values of corrosion probability as welll as of the corrosion current density, while, addition of MCI inhibitor showed the highest values of both corrosion probability and corrosion current density. Moreover, the painting specimen showed the smallest value of neutralization degree among all the specimens, and the largest value of neutralization degree was observed at the specimen of natural condition (no adding of inhibitor, no painting and no Zn coating). As a result, it is considered that the addition of inhibitors, coating with hot dip galvanizing (Zn), and painting on the surface have the effects not only to inhibit the neutralization degree but also to increase the corrosion resistance of the embedded steel bar.

scholarly journals FRACTURE LOAD OF SILVER SOLDERED JOINTS ON STAINLESS STEEL AND COBALT-CHROMIUM ORTHODONTIC WIRES WITH VARIOUS JOINING CONFIGURATIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-35
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Fracture Load ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Orthodontic Wires ◽  
Orthodontic Wire ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Site Planning ◽  
Band Material

The current research compared and analysed the tensile strength of silver soldered stainless steel and cobalt-chromium orthodontic wire joints with band material The effect of joint site planning on various orthodontic joining configurations was investigated. A total of sixty wire specimens were chosen, thirty in the stainless-steel group and thirty in the cobalt – chromium group. Again, each group's sample was divided into three subgroups, namely End – End, Round, and Orthodontic band material. The study findings suggested all three configurations can be used to make silver soldered joints regardless of the wire consistency. When subjecting the wire to joint site planning, however, stainless steel wire should be used with its limitations in mind.

scholarly journals FRACTURE LOAD OF SILVER SOLDERED JOINTS ON STAINLESS STEEL AND COBALT-CHROMIUM ORTHODONTIC WIRES WITH VARIOUS JOINING CONFIGURATIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-35
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Fracture Load ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Orthodontic Wires ◽  
Orthodontic Wire ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Site Planning ◽  
Band Material

The current research compared and analysed the tensile strength of silver soldered stainless steel and cobalt-chromium orthodontic wire joints with band material The effect of joint site planning on various orthodontic joining configurations was investigated. A total of sixty wire specimens were chosen, thirty in the stainless-steel group and thirty in the cobalt – chromium group. Again, each group's sample was divided into three subgroups, namely End – End, Round, and Orthodontic band material. The study findings suggested all three configurations can be used to make silver soldered joints regardless of the wire consistency. When subjecting the wire to joint site planning, however, stainless steel wire should be used with its limitations in mind.

scholarly journals Recent Advances on Drawing Technology of Ultra-Fine Steel Tire Cord and Steel Saw Wire

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1590
Author(s):  
Changyong Chen ◽  
Meng Sun ◽  
Bao Wang ◽  
Jianan Zhou ◽  
Zhouhua Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Oxide Scale ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Pearlitic Steel ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Tire Cord ◽  
Wire Rod ◽  
Surface Iron ◽  
The Wire

Steel tire cord and steel saw wire represent typical precision pearlitic steel wire rods of wire products; it is a very important solar energy material with a diameter about 50 μm. This paper mainly discusses the research progress of the wire rod drawing process, and its main contents are as follows: First section—the control of the wire rod surface quality is summarized, including the thickness of the surface decarburization layer, the phase composition and thickness of the surface iron oxide scale, and the removal of surface iron oxide scale. Then, the research progress of the wire rod water bath treatment process during sorbitization is summarized. In addition, the development of brass plating technology for steel wire is summarized, including copper plating technology, coating phase composition, etc. Furthermore, the development of steel wire drawing methods is summarized. Finally, the development of the dies used in steel wire drawings is summarized.

scholarly journals XXV. A letter from Mr. William Mountayne, F. R. S. to the Right Honourable James Earl of Morton, President of the Royal Society, containing some observations on the variation of the magnetic needle, made on board the Montagu Man of War, in the years 1760, 1761, and 1762, by Mr. David Ross, Surgeon

1766 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Right ◽  
Magnetic Needle

My Lord, The following tables I have compared with the variation chart, published in the year 1756, and so find that they agree pretty well in general, making allowance for the time elapsed: it is true, that, in some few places in the Atlantic Ocean, they differ; yet this may probably arise, as is often the case, from an error in the Montagu's supposed longitude, where such observations were made. But the greatest difference (a greater than should arise, I think, according to common course) appears upon the coast of Portugal, Cape Saint Vincent, and about Gibraltar, near and within sight of land, where the observations are ascertained to the spot. Hence, if mine observed about the year 1756, and those of Mr. Ross's, were both near the truth, at the respective times when they were taken, I know not how to account for this considerable encrease, unless those late extraordinary convulsions, in the bowels of the earth, upon those several coasts, may be found, by further experiments, to have there influenced the directions of the magnetic needle.

Fracture Resistance of Wire-Wrapped Cylinders

1973 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Shoemaker ◽  
T. Melville ◽  
J. E. Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Yield Strength ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Crack Extension ◽  
Shear Fracture ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Crack Opening ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Propagating Crack ◽  
The Wire

Steel cylinders wrapped with steel wire have the capability of offering not only an economical high-strength structure, but also a structure with improved fracture resistance compared with that of an unwrapped cylinder of equivalent strength. Accordingly, 2000-psi-pressure hydraulic burst tests were therefore conducted to determine the fracture resistance of 36-in-dia, 60-ksi yield-strength, 1000-psi-pressure wire-wrapped cylinders at different levels of shell notch ductility, which was varied by testing at different temperatures. The cylinders were prestressed with 1/4-in-dia cold-drawn wire, and the shells contained part-through-wall flaws. A similarly flawed unwrapped cylinder was tested for comparison. The working-stress level was 72 percent of the specified minimum yield strength in the shell and 60 percent of the minimum tensile strength in the wire. The results showed that at a pressure double that of the unwrapped shell, no crack extension occurred at a temperature at which the steel exhibited fully ductile shell behavior (+110 deg F). A 2-ft crack extension occurred at a temperature (+10 deg F) at which the steel was still in the transition temperature range from ductile-to-brittle behavior (about 20 percent shear fracture), but a brittle crack (−70 deg F) propagated to the end of the wire-wrapped shell. Except for the brittle propagating crack, wire wrapping appears to provide sufficient constraint of a shell defect or propagating crack to limit bulging and crack-opening displacement. A model based on the compatibility in displacements between the crack opening and the local wire strain is presented for calculating the arrest conditions of the propagating crack in the test at 10 deg F. The same flaw size was critical at the constant failure pressure for all test temperatures, and showed that, as predicted, ductile initiation occurs even at the −70 deg F temperature in both the wrapped and unwrapped-cylinder tests. A circumferential flaw was shown to be less critical than a longitudinal flaw of the same size.

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