scholarly journals Species richness matters for the quality of ecosystem services: a test using seed dispersal by frugivorous birds

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1740) ◽  
pp. 3106-3113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel García ◽  
Daniel Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Frugivorous Birds ◽  
Functional Complementarity ◽  
Dispersal Quality ◽  
Ecological Science ◽  
Current Paradigm ◽  
Anthropogenic Forest ◽  
A Current ◽  
Seed Dispersal Quality

The positive link between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning is a current paradigm in ecological science. However, little is known of how different attributes of species assemblages condition the quality of many services in real ecosystems affected by human impact. We explore the links between the attributes of a frugivore assemblage and the quantitative and qualitative components of its derived ecosystem service, seed dispersal, along a landscape-scale gradient of anthropogenic forest loss. Both the number and the richness of seeds being dispersed were positively related to frugivore abundance and richness. Seed dispersal quality, determined by the fine-scale spatial patterns of seed deposition, mostly depended on frugivore richness. In fact, richness was the only attribute of the frugivore assemblage affecting the probability of seed dispersal into deforested areas of the landscape. The positive relationships between frugivore richness per se (i.e. independent of frugivore abundance and composition) and all components of seed dispersal suggest the existence of functional complementarity and/or facilitation between frugivores. These links also point to the whole assemblage of frugivores as a conservation target, if we aim to preserve a complete seed dispersal service and, hence, the potential for vegetation regeneration and recovery, in human-impacted landscapes.

The effect of gut processing on the quality of mistletoe seed dispersal

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizanne Roxburgh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Frugivorous Birds ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Reproduction ◽  
Number Of Visits ◽  
Fruiting Plant ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Disperser Effectiveness

Disperser effectiveness is the contribution that a disperser makes to the future reproduction of a plant (Schupp 1993), and it has two components: quality and quantity of dispersal. Quantity of dispersal is a function of the number of visits that a disperser makes to a fruiting plant and the number of seeds that are dispersed during each visit. Quality of dispersal is a function of the treatment that a seed receives from its disperser and the site that the seed is finally deposited in. The quality of seed dispersal of the mistletoe Phragmanthera dschallensis (Engl.) M.G. Gilbert (Loranthaceae) by frugivorous birds was examined in this study.

Audit Reviewers' Judgments in Multiple Client Audit Environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudip Bhattacharjee ◽  
Mario J. Maletta ◽  
Kimberly K. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Audit Quality ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Comparative Information ◽  
A Current

ABSTRACT This study replicates Bhattacharjee, Maletta, and Moreno (2007), who find that audit preparers are susceptible to contrast effects in a multi-client environment. We demonstrate that auditors in the role of reviewers are also susceptible to contrast effects from a prior client. Audit reviewers' assessments of internal audit quality of a current client were significantly affected by the quality of the internal audit group of a client they previously reviewed. Specifically, when auditors first reviewed a client with a weak internal audit group they assessed the subsequent moderate internal audit group as being of higher quality than when they first reviewed a prior client with a strong internal audit group or did not review a prior client. Reviewers' documentation of evidence was also influenced by comparative information from the prior client. These results corroborate the key findings of Bhattacharjee et al. (2007) and confirm audit reviewers' susceptibility to contrast effects.

Change to the Demands Made of the Teaching Profession and the Ambiguity of New Concepts

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Jana Kohnová
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Career Progression ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Educational Programmes ◽  
A Current

This paper is concerned with concepts such as quality of education, evaluation of the standard of the work of the teacher and comparison of educational results. It points to the importance of standards and the difficulties involved in their implementation. It also discusses the concept of competence and its relevance to framework educational programmes and the further education of teachers. The paper also focuses on a number of trends in education that are less widely discussed: instability — permanent change, reduction of education, emphasis on topicality and practical applicability, underestimation of the system, etc. The final part of the paper presents a current project from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport of the Czech Republic — a proposal for career progression.

Fruits foraging patterns and seed dispersal effect of frugivorous birds on Hippophae rhamnoides sinensis

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianwen Lu ◽  
Kun Sun ◽  
Ruijun Ma ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Xue Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Hippophae Rhamnoides ◽  
Frugivorous Birds ◽  
Foraging Patterns ◽  
Hippophaë Rhamnoides

Voice Disorders in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and the Role of CPAP

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Roy ◽  
Ray M. Merrill ◽  
Jenny Pierce ◽  
Krishna M. Sundar
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Voice Disorders ◽  
Acid Reflux ◽  
Voice Disorder ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
A Current

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by frequent interruptions in breathing related to upper airway collapse during sleep and may adversely affect phonatory function. This study aimed to: (1) establish the prevalence, risks, and quality of life burden of voice disorders in OSA and (2) explore the relation between voice disorders and positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy. Study Design: Cross-sectional, descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Analyses were based on 94 individuals with OSA (53 men, 41 women; mean age = 54.7 ± 12.8 years) who completed a telephone interview. Results: Twenty-eight percent of participants reported having a current voice disorder. Of those with a current voice disorder, 83% had experienced symptoms for at least a year, and 58% had symptoms for at least 4 years. The prevalence of a current voice disorder was greater in women than men (44% vs 15%, P = .0020) but did not vary significantly across different age groups, body mass index (BMI), apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) severity, or medical history. After adjusting for sex, consistent use of PAP therapy (with humidification) was associated with (1) lower occurrence of voice disorders in women (Mantel-Haenszel [MH] χ2 P = .0195), (2) reduced snoring severity accompanied by fewer voice disorders in men (MH χ2 P = .0101), and (3) fewer reports of acid reflux as a possible trigger for voice problems (MH χ2 P = .0226). Patients with OSA who also had a current voice disorder experienced lower overall quality of life compared to those without. Conclusions: Chronic, longstanding voice disorders are common in women with OSA and produce significant adverse effects on quality of life. Nightly PAP use (with humidification) was associated with fewer voice symptoms and reduced severity of snoring and acid reflux as possible contributors. Further research is necessary to better understand the origin of these voice disorders in OSA and their potential response to treatment.

scholarly journals Cadastral Surveyor in Land Registration System in Indonesia: A Current Developments

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azis Djabbarudin
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Land Registration ◽  
Physical Data ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
A Current ◽  
Laws And Regulations

The spearhead of collecting physical data in the process of land registration is the measurement activity carried out by the measurement officer or known as the Cadaster Surveyor. Cadastral measurement is the main activity that determines the quality of land data. One of the guarantees of legal certainty in land registration is the assurance of certainty of physical data consisting of data on the location of boundaries and area of land. This research is a descriptive qualitative normative juridical law study which analyzes the study of legal changes related to the role and expansion of the cadastral surveyor's authority in the land registration system. In an effort to realize the accuracy of physical data in the form of the location and size of land parcels to accelerate land registration and land services, it is necessary to expand the authority and a strong legal umbrella. The authority according to the prevailing laws and regulations is very limited. To extend the licensed surveyor's authority as a form of community participation in the land registration system, there are several strategic steps that must be taken, one of which is the change / revision of legislation related to the land registration system, namely the need for new articles or the addition of new paragraphs in certain articles on The Basic Agrarian Law and Government Regulations regarding land registration.

THE WORST IS YET TO COME ..

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-70
Author(s):  
J. F. L.
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Use Of Services ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One ◽  
A Current

Jerome Kassirer, in a current issue of the New England Journal of Medicine, expressed the fear that: market-driven care is likely to alienate physicians, undermine patients' trusts of physicians' motives, cripple academic medical centers, [and] handicap the research establishment ... On the one hand, doctors are expected to provide a wide range of services, recommend the best treatments, and improve patients' quality of life. On the other, to keep expenses to a minimum they must limit the use of services, increase efficiency, shorten the time spent with each patient, and use specialists sparingly!

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