scholarly journals A ‘living fossil’ eel (Anguilliformes: Protanguillidae, fam. nov.) from an undersea cave in Palau

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1730) ◽  
pp. 934-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. David Johnson ◽  
Hitoshi Ida ◽  
Jiro Sakaue ◽  
Tetsuya Sado ◽  
Takashi Asahida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Living Fossil ◽  
Divergence Time Estimation ◽  
New Family ◽  
Republic Of Palau

We report the discovery of an enigmatic, small eel-like fish from a 35 m-deep fringing-reef cave in the western Pacific Ocean Republic of Palau that exhibits an unusual suite of morphological characters. Many of these uniquely characterize the Recent members of the 19 families comprising the elopomorph order Anguilliformes, the true eels. Others are found among anguilliforms only in the Cretaceous fossils, and still others are primitive with respect to both Recent and fossil eels. Thus, morphological evidence explicitly places it as the most basal lineage (i.e. the sister group of extant anguilliforms). Phylogenetic analysis and divergence time estimation based on whole mitogenome sequences from various actinopterygians, including representatives of all eel families, demonstrate that this fish represents one of the most basal, independent lineages of the true eels, with a long evolutionary history comparable to that of the entire Anguilliformes (approx. 200 Myr). Such a long, independent evolutionary history dating back to the early Mesozoic and a retention of primitive morphological features (e.g. the presence of a premaxilla, metapterygoid, free symplectic, gill rakers, pseudobranch and distinct caudal fin rays) warrant recognition of this species as a ‘living fossil’ of the true eels, herein described as Protanguilla palau genus et species nov. in the new family Protanguillidae.

scholarly journals Out of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and rapid radiation across Eurasia for Allium section Daghestanica (Amaryllidaceae)

AoB Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Jie Li ◽  
Huan-Xi Yu ◽  
Xian-Lin Guo ◽  
Xing-Jin He
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Adjacent Region ◽  
Rapid Radiation ◽  
Divergence Time Estimation ◽  
Species Diversification ◽  
The Third ◽  
Evolutionary Line ◽  
History Of

Abstract The disjunctive distribution (Europe-Caucasus-Asia) and species diversification across Eurasia for the genus Allium sect. Daghestanica has fascinating attractions for researchers aiming to understanding the development and history of the modern Eurasia flora. However, no any studies have been carried out to address the evolutionary history of this section. Based on the nrITS and cpDNA fragments (trnL-trnF and rpl32-trnL), the evolutionary history of the third evolutionary line (EL3) of the genus Allium was reconstructed and we further elucidate the evolutionary line of sect. Daghestanica under this background. Our molecular phylogeny recovered two highly supported clades in sect. Daghestanica: the Clade I includes Caucasian-European species and Asian A. maowenense, A. xinlongense and A. carolinianum collected in Qinghai; the Clade II comprises Asian yellowish tepal species, A. chrysanthum, A. chrysocephalum, A. herderianum, A. rude and A. xichuanense. The divergence time estimation and biogeography inference indicated that Asian ancestor located in the QTP and the adjacent region could have migrated to Caucasus and Europe distributions around the Late Miocene and resulted in further divergence and speciation; Asian ancestor underwent the rapid radiation in the QTP and the adjacent region most likely due to the heterogeneous ecology of the QTP resulted from the orogeneses around 4–3 Mya. Our study provides a picture to understand the origin and species diversification across Eurasia for sect. Daghestanica.

scholarly journals The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Platysternon megacephalum peguense and Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongdi Luo ◽  
Haijun Li ◽  
An Huang ◽  
Qingyong Ni ◽  
Yongfang Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Divergence Time Estimation ◽  
Molecular Features

Platysternon megacephalum is the only living representative species of Platysternidae and only three subspecies remain: P. m. megalorcephalum, P. m. shiui, and P. m. peguense. However, previous reports implied that P. m. peguense has distinct morphological and molecular features. The characterization of the mitogenome has been accepted as an efficient means of phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis. Hence, this study first determined the complete mitogenome of P. m. peguense with the aim to identify the structure and variability of the P. m. peguense mitogenome through comparative analysis. Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationship of the three subspecies was tested. Based on different tRNA gene loss and degeneration of these three subspecies, their rearrangement pathways have been inferred. Phylogenetic analysis showed that P. m. peguense is a sister group to (P. m. megalorcephalum and P. m. shiui). Furthermore, the divergence time estimation of these three subspecies coincided with the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. This study shows that the genetic distances between P. m. peguense and the other two subspecies are comparable to interspecific genetic distances, for example within Mauremys. In general, this study provides new and meaningful insights into the evolution of the three Platysternidae subspecies.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Placement and Phylogeography of Large-Flowered Lotus Species (Leguminosae) Formerly Classified in Dorycnium: Evidence of Pre-Pleistocene Differentiation of Western and Eastern Intraspecific Groups

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Tatiana E. Kramina ◽  
Maya V. Lysova ◽  
Tahir H. Samigullin ◽  
Ivan A. Schanzer ◽  
Mehmet U. Özbek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Divergence Time Estimation ◽  
Early Diversification ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eastern Kazakhstan

The Mediterranean region is a center of species and genetic diversity of many plant groups, which served as a source of recolonization of temperate regions of Eurasia in Holocene. We investigate the evolutionary history of species currently classified in Lotus sect. Bonjeanea in the context of the evolution of the genus Lotus as a whole, using phylogenetic, phylogeographic and dating analyses. Of three species of the section, L. rectus and L. hirsutus have wide Mediterranean distribution while L. strictus has a disjunctive range in Bulgaria, Turkey, Armenia, Eastern Kazakhstan, and adjacent parts of Russia and China. We used entire nuclear ribosomal ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region (nrITS) and a plastid dataset (rps16 and trnL-F) to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships within Lotus with an extended representation of Bonjeanea group. We analyzed the phylogeographic patterns within each species based on the plastid dataset. For divergence time estimation, the nrITS dataset was analyzed. Our results confirmed the non-monophyletic nature of the section Bonjeanea. They indicate that Lotus is likely to have diverged about 15.87 (9.99–19.81) million years ago (Ma), which is much older than an earlier estimate of ca. 5.54 Ma. Estimated divergence ages within L. strictus, L. rectus, and L. hisrutus (6.1, 4.94, and 4.16 Ma, respectively) well predate the onset of the current type of Mediterranean climate. Our data suggest that relatively ancient geological events and/or climatic changes apparently played roles in early diversification of Lotus and its major clades, as well as in formation of phylogeographic patterns, in at least some species.

A new endemic family of New Zealand passerine birds: adding heat to a biodiversity hotspot

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Driskell ◽  
Les Christidis ◽  
B. J. Gill ◽  
Walter E. Boles ◽  
F. Keith Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Passerine Birds ◽  
New Family ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anthornis Melanura ◽  
Notiomystis Cincta

The results of phylogenetic analysis of two molecular datasets sampling all three endemic New Zealand ‘honeyeaters’ (Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae, Anthornis melanura and Notiomystis cincta) are reported. The undisputed relatedness of the first two species to other honeyeaters (Meliphagidae), and a close relationship between them, are demonstrated. However, our results confirm that Notiomystis is not a honeyeater, but is instead most closely related to the Callaeidae (New Zealand wattlebirds) represented by Philesturnus carunculatus in our study. An estimated divergence time for Notiomystis and Philesturnus of 33.8 mya (Oligocene) suggests a very long evolutionary history of this clade in New Zealand. As a taxonomic interpretation of these data we place Notiomystis in a new family of its own which takes the name Notiomystidae. We expect this new phylogenetic and taxonomic information to assist policy decisions for the conservation of this rare bird.

Taxonomy, phylogeny, and divergence time estimation for Apiosphaeria guaranitica, a Neotropical parasite on bignoniaceous hosts

Mycologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Cervieri Guterres ◽  
Samuel Galvão-Elias ◽  
Bruno Cézar Pereira de Souza ◽  
Danilo Batista Pinho ◽  
Maria do Desterro Mendes dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Divergence Time ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Divergence Time Estimation
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