scholarly journals Internal brooding favours pre-metamorphic chimerism in a non-colonial cnidarian, the sea anemone Urticina felina

2011 ◽  
Vol 278 (1724) ◽  
pp. 3517-3522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Mercier ◽  
Zhao Sun ◽  
Jean-François Hamel
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Oocyte Size ◽  
Asexual Propagation ◽  
Modular Organisms ◽  
First Time ◽  
Colonial Ascidians

The concept of intraorganismal genetic heterogeneity resulting from allogeneic fusion (i.e. chimerism) has almost exclusively been explored in modular organisms that have the capacity to reproduce asexually, such as colonial ascidians and corals. Apart from medical conditions in mammals, the natural development of chimeras across ontogenetic stages has not been investigated in any unitary organism incapable of asexual propagation. Furthermore, chimerism was mainly studied among gregarious settlers to show that clustering of genetically similar individuals upon settlement promotes the occurrence of multi-chimeras exhibiting greater fitness. The possible occurrence of chimeric embryos and larvae prior to settlement has not received any attention. Here we document for the first time the presence of natural chimeras in brooded embryos and larvae of a unitary cnidarian, the sea anemone Urticina felina . Rates of visible bi- and multi-chimerism of up to 3.13 per cent were measured in the broods of 16 females. Apart from these sectorial chimeras, monitored fusion events also yielded homogeneous chimeric entities (mega-larvae) suggesting that the actual rates of natural chimerism in U. felina are greater than predicted by visual assessment. In support of this assumption, the broods of certain individuals comprised a dominant proportion (to 90%) of inexplicably large embryos and larvae (relative to oocyte size). Findings of fusion and chimerism in a unitary organism add a novel dimension to the framework within which the mechanisms and evolutionary significance of genetic heterogeneity in animal taxa can be explored.

scholarly journals Rare genetic heterogeneity within single tumor discovered for the first time in colorectal liver metastases after liver resection

Oncotarget ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (31) ◽  
pp. 21921-21929
Author(s):  
Mylène Sebagh ◽  
Nelly Bosselut ◽  
Alexandre Dos Santos ◽  
Marc-Antoine Allard ◽  
Aldrick Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Resection ◽  
Liver Metastases ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Colorectal Liver Metastases ◽  
First Time ◽  
Single Tumor

scholarly journals Finding the neural correlates of collaboration using a three-person fMRI hyperscanning paradigm

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Xie ◽  
Amber Howell ◽  
Meredith Schreier ◽  
Kristen E. Sheau ◽  
Mai K. Manchanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Drawing Task ◽  
The Social ◽  
Oxygenation Level ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time

AbstractHumans have an extraordinary ability to interact and cooperate with others, which plays a pivotal role in societies at large. Despite its potential social and evolutionary significance, research on finding the neural correlates of collaboration has been limited partly due to restrictions on simultaneous neuroimaging of more than one participant (a.k.a. hyperscanning). A series of works now exists that used dyadic fMRI hyperscanning to examine the interaction between two participants. However, to our knowledge, no study to date has aimed at revealing the neural correlates of social interactions using a 3-person (or triadic) fMRI hyperscanning paradigm. Here, for the first time, we simultaneously measured the blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signal of triads (m=12 triads; n=36 participants), while they engaged in a joint drawing task based on the social game of Pictionary®. General linear model (GLM) analysis revealed increased activation in the brain regions previously linked with the theory of mind (ToM) during the collaborative phase compared to the independent phase of the task. Furthermore, using intersubject brain synchronization (IBS) analysis, we revealed increased synchrony of the right temporo-parietal junction (R TPJ) during the collaborative phase. The increased synchrony in the R TPJ was observed to be positively associated with the overall team performance on the task. In sum, our novel paradigm revealed a vital role of the R TPJ among other ToM regions during a triadic collaborative drawing task.

Puberty - An Ayurvedic care

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Vijayalaxmi B. Benakatti
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Special Care ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Nutritious Food ◽  
First Time

The functionality of Ayurveda reproductive system in women is initiated by onset of menstruation is menarche. The peak time being 12 years to 16 years, these are probable ages. There may be slight variation in individual cases because of age, that can be influenced by specific Ahara and Arogya. It is only in our country refers to the phase specific practices based on religion, community, geographical, area the practices differ. But these practices have root in Ayurveda. A playful girl menstruates for first time though indicative of reproductive system. Thus this period requires a special care, which could be a simple household remedy or specific nutritious food based on resources of local ate. There is Ayurvedic text refers to the ad vocation of regime. This article discusses the relevance’s of such practices. Further suggest simpler regime to enhance the further growth and development of individual. And also focus on the medical conditions occurs during this period. It is also important to give psychological support.

Some aspects of the moss population development on the Svalbard glaciers

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga A. Belkina ◽  
Anna A. Vilnet
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Population Development ◽  
Ablation Zone ◽  
Sanionia Uncinata ◽  
First Time

Glaciers are rather unusual habitat for mosses, but sometimes they can be suitable for some species due to presence of sufficient moisture and cryoconite substrate in the ablation zone. To date, moss populations were found only on a few glaciers in Alaska, Iceland and Svalbard. An origin and development of moss cushions on ice (so called "glacier mice") are still unclear. In this study, some aspects of the moss population development were explored on ice of the Svalbard glaciers – Bertilbreen (Billefjorden) and Austre Grnfjordbreen (Grnfjorden) in 2012 and 2013. On Bertilbreen, populations of Hygrohypnella polaris (Lindb.) Ignatov & Ignatova and Schistidium abrupticostatum (Bryhn) Ignatova & H.H. Blom were found for the first time. Due to putative morphological features, identification of S. abrupticostatum was confirmed by com-paring ITS1-2 nrDNA sequence data to BLAST searches (megablast). The results indicated a genetic heterogeneity of the population. Although visually moss-free, examination of cryoconite sediments revealed development of new individuals of S. abrupticostatum from filamentous structures consisting of caulonema and rhizoids. The developmental stages of young plants were revealed. Therefore, besides fragmen-tation of existing cushions, cryoconite sediments provided a source of new moss cush-ions in glacier populations. Additionally a few plants of Pohlia cf. wahlenbergii (F. Weber & D. Mohr) Andrews and a gametophyte fragment of Philonotis sp. were found in aggregation of cryoconite. Presence of Paludella squarrosa (Hedw.) Brid. reported for Bertilbreen has not been confirmed. On Austre Grnfjordbreen Bryum cryophilum Mrtensson, Sanionia uncinata (Hedw.) Loeske were found invading into some Hygrohypnella polaris cushions. Each moss polster on ice represents a separate mini-ecosystem that includes successive colonization events.

A reappraisal of the Dinantian floras at Oxroad Bay, East Lothian, Scotland. 1. Floristics and the development of whole-plant concepts

1990 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Bateman ◽  
Gar W. Rothwell
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Life Strategies ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Pollen Organ ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

ABSTRACTRe-investigation of species-rich late Tournaisian floras at Oxroad Bay reveals eight plant-bearing exposures that represent four distinct stratigraphic levels. The allochthonous megafossil assemblages vary in degrees of disarticulation, modes of preservation and taxonomic composition. Within-site stratigraphic distributions are presented for 43 anatomically-preserved organ-species; of these, 12 are new to science, 18 have not previously been recorded at the locality, 21 are illustrated from the locality for the first time and 19 are currently considered endemic. Another six have been recorded in error from unprovenanced water-worn blocks. Nineteen adpressed organ-species are also described. Methods and concepts of whole-plant reconstruction are reviewed. At least 11 whole-plant species occur at Oxroad Bay. The lycopsids comprise an enigmatic plant with anAsteroxylon-like stele and two morphologically- and ecologically-distinct species ofOxroadia. A new species ofProtocalamitesdemonstrates the earliest evidence of heterospory and tuberoid stem-bases in the sphenopsid clade.CladoxylonandStauropterisrepresent the pteropsids. At least five lyginopterid pteridosperm species are present. They include both trees (Eristophyton, Bilignea) and shrubs/pseudoherbs (e.g.Tetrastichiaand theTriradioxylon–Calathopteris–Oxroadopteris–‘Tristichia’ plexus), suggesting a range of life strategies. Their diversity has complicated attempts to reconstruct whole-plants, though attachment is demonstrated between several ovules and cupules, and several ovules and pollen-organs are correlated using shared microspores. Elements of particular evolutionary significance include the ‘megacupule’Calathospermumand a structurally similar pollen-organ aggregate, a bisexualPullarithecacupule, and a complete ontogenetic sequence ofHydraspermaovules. Comparable Dinantian floras are reviewed.

scholarly journals There is More Than Meets the Eye: Identification of Dual Molecular Diagnosis in Patients Affected by Hearing Loss

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Anna Morgan ◽  
Flavio Faletra ◽  
Giulia Severi ◽  
Martina La Bianca ◽  
Laura Licchetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Dual Diagnosis ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Clinical Genetic ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Fitting In ◽  
First Time

Hearing loss (HL) is the most common sensory impairment, and it is characterized by a high clinical/genetic heterogeneity. Here we report the identification of dual molecular diagnoses (i.e., mutations at two loci that lead to the expression of two Mendelian conditions) in a series of families affected by non-syndromic and syndromic HL. Eighty-two patients who displayed HL as a major clinical feature have been recruited during the last year. After an accurate clinical evaluation, individuals have been analyzed through whole-exome sequencing (WES). This protocol led to the identification of seven families characterized by the presence of a dual diagnosis. In particular, based on the clinical and genetic findings, patients have been classified into two groups: a) patients with HL and distinct phenotypes not fitting in a known syndrome due to mutations at two loci (e.g., HL in association with Marfan syndrome) and b) patients with two genes involved in HL phenotype (e.g., TMPRSS3 and MYH14). These data highlight for the first time the high prevalence of dual molecular diagnoses in HL patients and suggest that they should be considered especially for those cases that depart from the expected clinical manifestation or those characterized by a significant intra-familiar variability.

scholarly journals Asexual propagation of most promising genotypes of jojoba Simmondsia chinensis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Zeeshan Hafeez ◽  
Syed Arif Hussain Shah ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal Shahid ◽  
Muhammad Azhar Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Simmondsia Chinensis ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Asexual Propagation ◽  
Sprout Length ◽  
High Production ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Success Percentage

Propagation of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) by direct seeding has genetic heterogeneity and about half of the seedlings may be males. Plantation with asexual propagules, though expensive, but it saves time to replant plants of known sex with high production. Vegetative propagation through layering, grafting, cuttings, tissue culture are even successful in jojoba. The current study was initiated to find out appropriate time of grafting and most responsive jojoba genotypefor asexual propagation.The female plants of five promising jojoba genotypes i.e. BRJ-5, BRJ-10, BRJ-22, BRJ-24 and BRJ-46 propagated through grafting, in the months of September and March during the year 2015-16 and 2016-17. The pooled analysis of the data revealed that the grafting practiced in the month of September performed better than in the month of March. The September grafting resulted in longer sprouts (18.49 cm) with more grafting success (74.43%) than that practiced in March. However, sprouts from March grafting took fewerdays to sprout (52.56) than that of September grafting (57.35 days). As far as the genotypeswas concerned, BRJ-22 surpassed theothers in taking minimum days (41.45) to sprout; attaining maximum sprout length (21.49 cm) and giving maximum success percentage (82.35). The study indicated that the optimum time of grafting for jojoba is the month of September and BRJ- 22 is the best suited strain for grafting.

Medical management for the prevention of kidney stones

2021 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2021-140971
Author(s):  
Mark Finger ◽  
Evan Finger ◽  
Alessandro Bellucci ◽  
Deepa A. Malieckal
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Metabolic Investigation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Successful Prevention

The alarming fact is that approximately one out of every 10 of us will have a kidney stone during our lifetime. The increasing prevalence and associated costs of kidney stones have resulted in it being one of the most commonly encountered and impactful medical conditions. Contributing factors include, but are not limited to, diet, climate, genetics, medications, activity and underlying medical conditions. Symptoms generally parallel stone size. Treatment varies from supportive to procedural (invasive and non-invasive). Prevention remains the best way to avoid this condition especially given the high recurrence rate. First time stone formers require counselling regarding dietary adjustments. Certain risk factors ultimately require a more in-depth metabolic investigation, especially if stones are recurrent. Ultimately, management is defined by stone composition. Where appropriate, we review both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic options. Pivotal to successful prevention is patient education and the encouragement of compliance with the appropriate regimen.

The history of study, the taxonomic composition and the origin of the sea anemone fauna of the Kara Sea (Actiniaria, Anthozoa, Cnidaria)

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-182
Author(s):  
N.Yu. Ivanova ◽  
S.D. Grebelnyi
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Temperature Depth

Based on the study of new collection material and literature data, the composition of the sea anemone fauna of the Kara Sea is described. It includes 13 species of 7 families. Among them are 10 species that have previously been known for this region: Urticina crassicornis (O.F. Muller, 1776), Aulactinia stella (Verrill, 1864), Hormathia digitata (O.F. Muller, 1776), Allantactis parasitica Danielssen, 1890, Actinostola callosa (Verrill, 1882), A. spetsbergensis (Carlgren, 1893), Anthosactis janmayeni Danielssen, 1890, Halcampa arctica Carlgren, 1893, Edwardsia arctica Carlgren, 1921, Ptychodactis patula Appellof, 1893, and 3 species reported for the Kara Sea for the first time: Cactosoma abyssorum Danielssen, 1890, Haliactis arctica Carlgren, 1921, and Edwardsia vitrea Danielssen, 1890. The ranges of the species are described. A detailed consideration of the species’ geographical distribution, determined by the temperature, depth and salinity, allows the anemones to be subdivided into 3 groups: a) inhabiting the shelf and associated with high salinity; b) eurybathic, associated with the high latitudes, high salinity and a narrow interval of low temperatures; c) the most widespread, withstanding desalination and low temperatures. The geographic ranges of epibenthic polyps of the infraorder Thenaria have now been thoroughly studied, but the distribution of the representatives of the infraorder Athenaria in Arctic is known only from several finds. The distribution of the only Arctic representative of the suborder Ptychodacteae, Ptychodactis patula, is known from a fairly large number of finds, but its habitat requirements are little known. Therefore, our reasoning about the sources of the formation of the Kara Sea fauna is based mainly on the data derived from the thenarians. Our analysis has confirmed the participation of the species of Atlantic origin, most resistant to low temperatures, in the formation of the Kara Sea fauna, but no convincing evidence has been found for the participation of Pacific elements in the settlement of this region.

Abstract 3013: Myocardium at Risk of Infarction during Acute Ischemia is Accurately Measured after Revascularization by MRI in Humans

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Carlsson ◽  
Erik Hedstrom ◽  
Einar Heiberg ◽  
Hakan Arheden
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Acute Ischemia ◽  
Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Myocardium At Risk ◽  
St Elevation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First Time

PURPOSE: The size of an infarct caused by coronary occlusion mainly depends on the duration of ischemia and the size of the ischemic myocardium, called myocardium at risk (MaR). T2-STIR imaging (visualizing oedema) has been shown to depict MaR in dogs. However, this has not been validated in humans. Therefore the purpose of this study was to validate the measurement of MaR by MRI against SPECT. METHODS: 7 patients (69±8 years, all male) with ST-elevation infarction treated by PCI were included. Technetium-labelled tetrofosmin was injected during ongoing ischemia before opening of the occluded vessel. SPECT was performed after concluded PCI and cardiac MRI after 3±3 days. MaR was measured as absent perfusion on SPECT and oedema on MRI, and expressed in percent of the left ventricular myocardium. The observer of the MRI data was blinded to the SPECT results. The localisation of transmural ischemia by the two methods was compared by visual assessment. RESULTS: The difference between SPECT and MRI for measurement of MaR was 0±9 % (mean±SD). The localization of transmural ischemia agreed between the two methods (Fig. 1 ) and expressed on vessel basis, MRI and SPECT showed 100 % concordant results. CONCLUSIONS: This study has showed for the first time in humans that T2-STIR accurately can determine myocardium at risk. This can be used in clinical research when studying new therapies for reducing infarct size. Fig 1 : Short axis slices of left ventricle showing inferior defect on SPECT (arrows, left panel) corresponding to the oedema signal on T2-STIR MRI (arrows, middle panel). For comparison, delayed enhancement in right panel shows subendocardial infarction (arrows).

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