scholarly journals To be or not to be convergent in salicin-based defence in chrysomeline leaf beetle larvae: evidence from Phratora vitellinae salicyl alcohol oxidase

2011 ◽  
Vol 278 (1722) ◽  
pp. 3225-3232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Kirsch ◽  
Heiko Vogel ◽  
Alexander Muck ◽  
Andreas Vilcinskas ◽  
Jacques M. Pasteels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Chemical Defence ◽  
Alcohol Oxidase ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Glandular Secretion ◽  
Phratora Vitellinae ◽  
History Of ◽  
Identical Gene

Glandular chemical defence relying on the action of salicylaldehyde is characteristic for Chrysomela leaf beetle larvae. The salicylaldehyde precursor salicin, sequestered from salicaceous host plants, is deglucosylated and the aglycon further oxidized by a salicyl alcohol oxidase (SAO) to the respective aldehyde. SAOs, key enzymes in salicin-based glandular chemical defence, were previously identified and shown to be of a single evolutionary origin in Chrysomela species. We here identified and characterized SAO of Phratora vitellinae , the only species outside the genus Chrysomela that produce salicylaldehyde as a defensive compound. Although Chrysomela and Phratora are not closest relatives, their SAOs share glucose–methanol–choline oxidoreductase (GMC) affiliation, a specific GMC i subfamily ancestor, glandular tissue-specific expression and almost identical gene architectures. Together, this strongly supports a single origin of SAOs of both Chrysomela and Phratora . Closely related species of Chrysomela and P. vitellinae use iridoids as defensive compounds, which are like salicylaldehyde synthesized by the consecutive action of glucosidase and oxidase. However, we elucidated SAO-like sequences but no SAO proteins in the glandular secretion of iridoid producers. These findings support a different evolutionary history of SAO, related genes and other oxidases involved in chemical defence in the glandular system of salicylaldehyde and iridoid-producing leaf beetle larvae.

scholarly journals Phylogenomics Reveals Clear Cases of Misclassification and Genus-Wide Phylogenetic Markers for Acinetobacter

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2531-2541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Mateo-Estrada ◽  
Lucía Graña-Miraglia ◽  
Gamaliel López-Leal ◽  
Santiago Castillo-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus ◽  
Recent Attempt ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii Complex ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
Clear Cases

Abstract The Gram-negative Acinetobacter genus has several species of clear medical relevance. Many fully sequenced genomes belonging to the genus have been published in recent years; however, there has not been a recent attempt to infer the evolutionary history of Acinetobacter with that vast amount of information. Here, through a phylogenomic approach, we established the most up-to-date view of the evolutionary relationships within this genus and highlighted several cases of poor classification, especially for the very closely related species within the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus–Acinetobacter baumannii complex (Acb complex). Furthermore, we determined appropriate phylogenetic markers for this genus and showed that concatenation of the top 13 gives a very decent reflection of the evolutionary relationships for the genus Acinetobacter. The intersection between our top markers and previously defined universal markers is very small. In general, our study shows that, although there seems to be hardly any universal markers, bespoke phylogenomic approaches can be used to infer the phylogeny of different bacterial genera. We expect that ad hoc phylogenomic approaches will be the standard in the years to come and will provide enough information to resolve intricate evolutionary relationships like those observed in the Acb complex.

scholarly journals Eversion and withdrawal of an intromittent organ before sexual maturation prepares male beetles for copulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 161029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Matsumura ◽  
Takuya Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Active State ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Spermathecal Duct ◽  
History Of ◽  
Coiled State

Some species of criocerine beetles have a hyper-elongated part of the intromittent organ called a flagellum. In resting position, the flagellum is stored in a specialized internal sac in the intromittent organ. This specialized state of the flagellum and internal sac is indispensable during copulation for flagellar insertion into the female spermathecal duct for sperm transfer. However, the morphogenesis of the flagellum does not generate the active state of the flagellum; rather, the flagellum is generated in an inactive and completely coiled state. After eclosion, males of Lema coronata evert and withdraw the internal sac multiple times before sexual maturation, without mounting a female. This behaviour serves to uncoil the flagellum and guide it into the active state with the aid of surface structures on the internal sac. A closely related species, Lema dilecta , also has a long flagellum and undergoes the same behaviour to place the flagellum in the active position. However, some other species of criocerine beetles with much shorter flagella can attain the active state without exhibiting this behaviour. Based on a previously proposed phylogenetic tree, we discuss the evolutionary history of the hyper-elongation of the flagellum and associated behaviour.

The differential pattern of tissue-specific expression of ruminant pancreatic type ribonucleases may help to understand the evolutionary history of their genes

Gene ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 227 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Paola Sasso ◽  
Maria Lombardi ◽  
Elena Confalone ◽  
Antonella Carsana ◽  
Marta Palmieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Tissue Specific Expression ◽  
History Of ◽  
Differential Pattern

THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF DROSOPHILA BUZZATII. III. CYTOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TWO SIBLING SPECIES OF THE BUZZATII CLUSTER

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 503-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ruiz ◽  
A Fontdevila ◽  
M Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
South American ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Drosophila Buzzatii ◽  
Repleta Group ◽  
Chromosomal Data ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT Drosophila buzzatii has been found sympatric in Argentina with a closely-related sibling species, D. serido. The biogeographical, reproductive and chromosomal data allow us to combine these species into an evolutionary unit, the buzzatii cluster. Salivary gland chromosomes also have been used to determine their phylogenetic relationships with other closely related species, showing that the buzzatii cluster species share two inversions—2d  2 and 2s  6—with the species of the martensis cluster. Both clusters arose from South American populations of the ancestor of the mulleri complex, and we propose to include D. buzzatii and D. serido in the mulleri complex of the repleta group.

scholarly journals Haplotype-resolved genome assembly provides insights into evolutionary history of the tea plant Camellia sinensis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingtan Zhang ◽  
Shuai Chen ◽  
Longqing Shi ◽  
Daping Gong ◽  
Shengcheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
History Of ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Tea Cultivar

AbstractTea is an important global beverage crop and is largely clonally propagated. Despite previous studies on the species, its genetic and evolutionary history deserves further research. Here, we present a haplotype-resolved assembly of an Oolong tea cultivar, Tieguanyin. Analysis of allele-specific expression suggests a potential mechanism in response to mutation load during long-term clonal propagation. Population genomic analysis using 190 Camellia accessions uncovered independent evolutionary histories and parallel domestication in two widely cultivated varieties, var. sinensis and var. assamica. It also revealed extensive intra- and interspecific introgressions contributing to genetic diversity in modern cultivars. Strong signatures of selection were associated with biosynthetic and metabolic pathways that contribute to flavor characteristics as well as genes likely involved in the Green Revolution in the tea industry. Our results offer genetic and molecular insights into the evolutionary history of Camellia sinensis and provide genomic resources to further facilitate gene editing to enhance desirable traits in tea crops.

A new species of Cirrophorus (Annelida: Paraonidae) from Mediterranean organically enriched coastal environments, with taxonomic notes on the family

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 871-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Langeneck ◽  
Michele Barbieri ◽  
Ferruccio Maltagliati ◽  
Alberto Castelli
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
A New Species

Cirrophorus nikebianchii sp. nov. is described from brackish-water and organically enriched marine environments of the Mediterranean Sea. The new species is characterized by a very small prostomial antenna and a high number of branchiae pairs. A phylogenetic analysis carried out through the use of three molecular markers (16S rRNA, 18S rRNA and COI) supports the distinction between C. nikebianchii and C. furcatus, a closely related species with which it has been misidentified. Preliminary results obtained show that the genera Cirrophorus and Paradoneis are not reciprocally monophyletic, with uncertain relationships with the remaining genera of Paraonidae. This outcome suggests that the evolutionary history of Paraonidae is less straightforward than previously supposed. Moreover, the uncertainty about the taxonomic status of Paraonides neapolitana, type species of the genus Paraonides, makes the revamping of the taxonomy of Paraonidae more challenging. Awaiting support from studies including more species, and based on morphological and genetic data as well, we suggest to provisionally maintain the current use of Cirrophorus and Paradoneis, and to assign to Paraonella the species traditionally assigned to Paraonides.

scholarly journals Evolutionary history of the Drosophila bipectinata species complex

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARTYOM KOPP ◽  
OLGA BARMINA
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Drosophila Bipectinata ◽  
History Of

Groups of recently diverged species offer invaluable glimpses into the history and genetic basis of speciation and phenotypic evolution. In this report, we combine phylogenetic and population-genetic approaches to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the Drosophila bipectinata species complex. This complex is a group of four closely related, largely sympatric species – D. bipectinata, D. parabipectinata, D. malerkotliana and D. pseudoananassae. Using the sequences of one mitochondrial and six nuclear loci, we show that D. bipectinata and D. parabipectinata are the two most closely related species, and that together with D. malerkotliana they form a monophyletic clade to which D. pseudoananassae is a relatively distant outgroup. Genetic divergence among D. bipectinata, D. parabipectinata and D. malerkotliana is extremely low, and we estimate that these species diverged only 283000–385000 years ago. We also find that mitochondrial DNA shows evidence of recent gene flow across species boundaries. Despite the low genetic divergence, species of the bipectinata complex show an unusually high degree of morphological differentiation. This contrast underscores the importance of understanding the genetic basis of functional differentiation among closely related species.

scholarly journals Comparative genomics and phylogenetic discordance of cultivated tomato and close wild relatives

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan R Strickler ◽  
Aureliano Bombarely ◽  
Jesse D Munkvold ◽  
Naama Menda ◽  
Gregory B Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Incomplete Lineage Sorting ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Lineage Sorting ◽  
Phylogenetic Information ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Discordance ◽  
History Of

Background Studies of ancestry are difficult in tomato because it crosses with many wild relatives and species in the tomato clade have diverged very recently. As a result, the phylogeny in relation to its closest relatives remains uncertain. By using coding sequence from Solanum lycopericum, S. galapagense, S. pimpinellifolium, S. corneliomuelleri, and S. tuberosum and genomic sequence from two of cultivated tomato’s closest relatives, S. galapagense and S. pimpinellifolium, as well as an heirloom line, S. lycopersicum ‘Yellow Pear’, we have aimed to resolve the phylogenies of these closely related species as well as identify phylogenetic discordance in the reference cultivated tomato. Results Divergence date estimates suggest divergence of S. lycopersicum, S. galapagense, and S. pimpinellifolium happened less than 0.5 MYA. Phylogenies based on 8,857 coding sequences support grouping of S. lycopersicum and S. galapagense, although two secondary trees are also highly represented. A total of 29 genes in our analysis showed evidence of selection along the S. lycopersicum lineage. Whole genome phylogenies showed that while incongruence is prevalent in genomic comparisons between these accessions, likely as a result of incomplete lineage sorting and introgression, a primary phylogenetic history was strongly supported. Conclusions Based on analysis of these accessions, S. galapagense appears to be closely related to S. lycopersicum, suggesting they had a common ancestor prior to the arrival of an S. galapagense ancestor to the Galápagos Islands, but after divergence of the sequenced S. pimpinellifolium. Genes showing selection along the S. lycopersicum lineage may be important in domestication. Further analysis of intraspecific data in these species will help to establish the evolutionary history of cultivated tomato. The use of an heirloom line is helpful in deducing true phylogenetic information of S. lycopersicum and identifying regions of introgression from wild species.

scholarly journals Comparative genomics and phylogenetic discordance of cultivated tomato and close wild relatives

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan R Strickler ◽  
Aureliano Bombarely ◽  
Jesse D Munkvold ◽  
Naama Menda ◽  
Gregory B Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Incomplete Lineage Sorting ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Lineage Sorting ◽  
Phylogenetic Information ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Discordance ◽  
History Of

Background Studies of ancestry are difficult in tomato because it crosses with many wild relatives and species in the tomato clade have diverged very recently. As a result, the phylogeny in relation to its closest relatives remains uncertain. By using coding sequence from Solanum lycopericum, S. galapagense, S. pimpinellifolium, S. corneliomuelleri, and S. tuberosum and genomic sequence from two of cultivated tomato’s closest relatives, S. galapagense and S. pimpinellifolium, as well as an heirloom line, S. lycopersicum ‘Yellow Pear’, we have aimed to resolve the phylogenies of these closely related species as well as identify phylogenetic discordance in the reference cultivated tomato. Results Divergence date estimates suggest divergence of S. lycopersicum, S. galapagense, and S. pimpinellifolium happened less than 0.5 MYA. Phylogenies based on 8,857 coding sequences support grouping of S. lycopersicum and S. galapagense, although two secondary trees are also highly represented. A total of 29 genes in our analysis showed evidence of selection along the S. lycopersicum lineage. Whole genome phylogenies showed that while incongruence is prevalent in genomic comparisons between these accessions, likely as a result of incomplete lineage sorting and introgression, a primary phylogenetic history was strongly supported. Conclusions Based on analysis of these accessions, S. galapagense appears to be closely related to S. lycopersicum, suggesting they had a common ancestor prior to the arrival of an S. galapagense ancestor to the Galápagos Islands, but after divergence of the sequenced S. pimpinellifolium. Genes showing selection along the S. lycopersicum lineage may be important in domestication. Further analysis of intraspecific data in these species will help to establish the evolutionary history of cultivated tomato. The use of an heirloom line is helpful in deducing true phylogenetic information of S. lycopersicum and identifying regions of introgression from wild species.

scholarly journals Allometry and Interspecific Differences in the Facial Cranium of Two Closely Related Macaque Species

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Ito ◽  
Takeshi Nishimura ◽  
Masanaru Takai
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Critical Feature ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Macaque Monkeys ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
History Of

Interpreting evolutionary history of macaque monkeys from fossil evidence is difficult, because their evolutionary fluctuations in body size might have removed or formed important morphological features differently in each lineage. We employed geometric morphometrics to explore allometric trajectories of craniofacial shape in two closely related species, Macaca fascicularis and M. fuscata. These two species exhibit a single shared allometric trajectory in superoinferior deflection of the anterior face, indicating that the differences in this feature can be explained by size variation. In contrast, two parallel trajectories are demonstrated in craniofacial protrusion, indicating that even if they are comparable in size, M. fuscata has a higher and shorter face than M. fascicularis. The degree of facial protrusion is most likely a critical feature for phyletic evaluation in the fascicularis group. Such analyses in various macaques would help to resolve controversies regarding phyletic interpretations of fossil macaques.

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