scholarly journals Short-term phenotypic plasticity in long-chain cuticular hydrocarbons

2011 ◽  
Vol 278 (1721) ◽  
pp. 3123-3128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa L. Thomas ◽  
Leigh W. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbons ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbon ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hydrocarbon Profile ◽  
Multiple Sampling ◽  
Social Challenge ◽  
Chemical Technique ◽  
Long Chain

Cuticular hydrocarbons provide arthropods with the chemical equivalent of the visually extravagant plumage of birds. Their long chain length, together with the number and variety of positions in which methyl branches and double bonds occur, provide cuticular hydrocarbons with an extraordinary level of information content. Here, we demonstrate phenotypic plasticity in an individual's cuticular hydrocarbon profile. Using solid-phase microextraction, a chemical technique that enables multiple sampling of the same individual, we monitor short-term changes in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of individual crickets, Teleogryllus oceanicus , in response to a social challenge. We experimentally manipulate the dominance status of males and find that dominant males, on losing fights with other dominant males, change their hydrocarbon profile to more closely resemble that of a subordinate. This result demonstrates that cuticular hydrocarbons can be far more responsive to changes in social dominance than previously realized.

CUTICULAR HYDROCARBON ANALYSIS OF THE AQUATIC BEETLE AGABUS ANTHRACINUS MANNERHEIM (COLEOPTERA: DYTISCIDAE)

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Alarie ◽  
Hélène Joly ◽  
Danielle Dennie
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbon ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbon Profile ◽  
Hydrocarbon Profile ◽  
Hydrocarbon Analysis ◽  
Aquatic Beetle

AbstractRelatively little information concerning the cuticular hydrocarbon composition of aquatic insects is known. The cuticular hydrocarbons of the aquatic beetle Agabus anthracinus Mannerheim have been identified with the aid of a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer. The cuticular hydrocarbon profile comprises n-alkanes (46.8%), n-alkenes (27.1%), and methylalkanes (25.9%) and is basically similar to that of terrestrial Coleoptera. However, the hydrocarbons of A. anthracinus differ in that (i) the shorter chain n-alkanes are present in higher proportion, (ii) there is a relatively lower abundance of methylalkanes, and (iii) the proportion of n-alkenes is significantly higher.

scholarly journals The effect of short-term storage temperature on the key headspace volatile compounds observed in Canadian faba bean flour

2021 ◽  
pp. 108201322199884
Author(s):  
Rami Akkad ◽  
Ereddad Kharraz ◽  
Jay Han ◽  
James D House ◽  
Jonathan M Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Bean Flour ◽  
Odour Activity Value ◽  
Short Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage

The odour emitted from the high-tannin fab bean flour ( Vicia faba var. minor), was characterized by headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC–MS). The relative odour activity value (ROAV) was used to monitor the changes in key volatile compounds in the flour during short-term storage at different temperature conditions. The key flavour compounds of freshly milled flour included hexanal, octanal, nonanal, decanal, 3-methylbutanal, phenyl acetaldehyde, (E)-2-nonenal, 1-hexanol, phenyl ethyl alcohol, 1-octen-3-ol, β-linalool, acetic acid, octanoic acid, and 3-methylbutyric acid; these are oxidative degradation products of unsaturated fatty acids and amino acids. Despite the low lipid content of faba beans, the abundances of aldehydes arising during room temperature storage greatly contributed to the flavour of the flour due to their very low odour thresholds. Two of the key volatiles responsible for beany flavour in flour (hexanal, nonanal) increased greatly after 2 weeks of storage at room temperature or under refrigerated conditions. These volatile oxidation products may arise as a result of enzymatic activity on unsaturated fatty acids, and was seen to be arrested by freezing the flour.

scholarly journals Cuticular hydrocarbons discriminate cryptic Macrolophus species (Hemiptera: Miridae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 624-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gemeno ◽  
N. Laserna ◽  
M. Riba ◽  
J. Valls ◽  
C. Castañé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbon ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Dark Spot ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Genetic Studies

AbstractMacrolophus pygmaeus is commercially employed in the biological control of greenhouse and field vegetable pests. It is morphologically undistinguishable from the cryptic species M. melanotoma, and this interferes with the evaluation of the biological control activity of M. pygmaeus. We analysed the potential of cuticular hydrocarbon composition as a method to discriminate the two Macrolophus species. A third species, M. costalis, which is different from the other two species by having a dark spot at the tip of the scutellum, served as a control. Sex, diet and species, all had significant effects in the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles, but the variability associated to sex or diet was smaller than among species. Discriminant quadratic analysis of cuticular hydrocarbons confirmed the results of previous molecular genetic studies and showed, using cross-validation methods, that M. pygmaeus can be discriminated from M. costalis and M. melanotoma with prediction errors of 6.75% and 0%, respectively. Therefore, cuticular hydrocarbons can be used to separate M. pygmaeus from M. melanotoma reliably.

scholarly journals The Scent of Ant Brood: Caste Differences in Surface Hydrocarbons of Formica exsecta Pupae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unni Pulliainen ◽  
Nick Bos ◽  
Patrizia d’Ettorre ◽  
Liselotte Sundström
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Communication ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbons ◽  
Social Insects ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Chemical Stimuli ◽  
Caste Differences ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractChemical communication is common across all organisms. Insects in particular use predominantly chemical stimuli in assessing their environment and recognizing their social counterparts. One of the chemical stimuli used for recognition in social insects, such as ants, is the suite of long-chain, cuticular hydrocarbons. In addition to providing waterproofing, these surface hydrocarbons serve as a signature mixture, which ants can perceive, and use to distinguish between strangers and colony mates, and to determine caste, sex, and reproductive status of another individual. They can be both environmentally and endogenously acquired. The surface chemistry of adult workers has been studied extensively in ants, yet the pupal stage has rarely been considered. Here we characterized the surface chemistry of pupae of Formica exsecta, and examine differences among sexes, castes (reproductive vs. worker), and types of sample (developing individual vs. cocoon envelope). We found quantitative and qualitative differences among both castes and types of sample, but male and female reproductives did not differ in their surface chemistry. We also found that the pupal surface chemistry was more complex than that of adult workers in this species. These results improve our understanding of the information on which ants base recognition, and highlights the diversity of surface chemistry in social insects across developmental stages.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on the Differences in Hydrocarbons Between Phosphine-Susceptible and -Resistant Strains of Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) Using Direct Immersion Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with GC-MS

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1565
Author(s):  
Ihab Alnajim ◽  
Manjree Agarwal ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Beibei Li ◽  
Xin Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cuticular Hydrocarbons ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Phosphine Resistance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Direct Immersion

Phosphine resistance is a worldwide issue threatening the grain industry. The cuticles of insects are covered with a layer of lipids, which protect insect bodies from the harmful effects of pesticides. The main components of the cuticular lipids are hydrocarbon compounds. In this research, phosphine-resistant and -susceptible strains of two main stored-grain insects, T. castaneum and R. dominica, were tested to determine the possible role of their cuticular hydrocarbons in phosphine resistance. Direct immersion solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to extract and analyze the cuticular hydrocarbons. The results showed significant differences between the resistant and susceptible strains regarding the cuticular hydrocarbons that were investigated. The resistant insects of both species contained higher amounts than the susceptible insects for the majority of the hydrocarbons, sixteen from cuticular extraction and nineteen from the homogenized body extraction for T. castaneum and eighteen from cuticular extraction and twenty-one from the homogenized body extraction for R. dominica. 3-methylnonacosane and 2-methylheptacosane had the highest significant difference between the susceptible and resistant strains of T. castaneum from the cuticle and the homogenized body, respectively. Unknown5 from the cuticle and 3-methylhentriacontane from the homogenized body recorded the highest significant differences in R. dominica. The higher hydrocarbon content is a key factor in eliminating phosphine from entering resistant insect bodies, acting as a barrier between insects and the surrounding phosphine environment.

Liquid-solid phase-change absorption of SO2 with tertiary diamines in long-chain alkane

2019 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 115814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbo Zhao ◽  
Ling Chen ◽  
Qian Zhao ◽  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Zhiyong Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Long Chain
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