scholarly journals Modelling cytomegalovirus replication patterns in the human host: factors important for pathogenesis

2006 ◽  
Vol 273 (1596) ◽  
pp. 1961-1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland R Regoes ◽  
E Frances Bowen ◽  
Alethea V Cope ◽  
Dehila Gor ◽  
Aycan F Hassan-Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Factors ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Human Host Factors

scholarly journals Genome-wide RNAi screen identifies human host factors crucial for influenza virus replication

Nature ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 463 (7282) ◽  
pp. 818-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Karlas ◽  
Nikolaus Machuy ◽  
Yujin Shin ◽  
Klaus-Peter Pleissner ◽  
Anita Artarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Rnai Screen ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Influenza Virus Replication ◽  
Human Host Factors

scholarly journals Visual Genome-Wide RNAi Screening to Identify Human Host Factors Required for Trypanosoma cruzi Infection

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. e19733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Auguste Genovesio ◽  
Miriam A. Giardini ◽  
Yong-Jun Kwon ◽  
Fernando de Macedo Dossin ◽  
Seo Yeon Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Rnai Screening ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Human Host Factors ◽  
Cruzi Infection

scholarly journals Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Haemozoin: Wedding Rings for Human Host andPlasmodium falciparumParasite in Complicated Malaria

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Prato ◽  
Giuliana Giribaldi
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Complicated Malaria ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
Human Host Factors ◽  
Proenzyme Activation ◽  
Metalloproteinase 9

It is generally accepted that the combination of bothPlasmodium falciparumparasite and human host factors is involved in the pathogenesis of complicated severe malaria, including cerebral malaria (CM). Among parasite products, the malarial pigment haemozoin (HZ) has been shown to impair the functions of mononuclear and endothelial cells. Different CM models were associated with enhanced levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of proteolytic enzymes able to disrupt subendothelial basement membrane and tight junctions and shed, activate, or inactivate cytokines, chemokines, and other MMPs through cleavage from their precursors. Among MMPs, a good candidate for targeted therapy might be MMP-9, whose mRNA and protein expression enhancement as well as direct proenzyme activation by HZ have been recently investigated in a series of studies by our group and others. In the present paper the role of HZ and MMP-9 in complicated malaria, as well as their interactions, will be discussed.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on Human Host Factors Perpetuating the Transmission of Schistosomiasis in Endemic Community of Wudil, Kano State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-41
Author(s):  
Mahmud Ali Umar ◽  
Umar Aliyu Umar ◽  
Mujitapha Lawal ◽  
Sani Muhammad Yahaya ◽  
Muhammad Salisu Inuwa
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Riverine Water ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Human Host Factors ◽  
Gross Haematuria

Objective: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the human host factors that contribute to the perpetuation of schistosomiasis transmission in endemic communities of Wudil, Kano State, Nigeria. Methods: Information was derived from structured questionnaires supplemented with oral interviews, on perception of the community on the cause of urogenital schistosomiasis, using self-reported macrohaematuria, as the disease proxy, water-use practices, riverside urination and defaecation, and the choice for treatment of schistosome infection. Results: Out of 139 study participants, the perceived causes of gross haematuria by the respondents were Excessive Salt Intake (41.73%); Scorching Sun (20.86%); Unknown (17.27%); Infection (10.07%); Supernatural Force (5.86%) and Water Contact (4.32%). The respondents with self-reported terminal haematuria were 49.64%; riverine water contact 75.54% and riverside contamination 65.41%. Of the 72.46% of the respondents with gross haematuria who attempted for medication only 8.0% visited health facilities, while majority relied on traditional herbalists (39.13%) and roadside medicine stores (20.29%) for treatment. There was a strong association between riverine water contact and terminal haematuria (Odds Ratio: 6.09, 95% CI, 2.825-13.131, P<0.0001; Relative Risk: 2.737, 95% CI, 1.664-4.502, P<0.0001). Conclusion: Exposure to contaminated water as a result of socioeconomic activities, riverside, poor perception on the cause of the disease and lack of adherence to orthodox treatment of positive cases are the key promoters of schistosomiasis transmission in the study area. Excessive salt intake and scorching sun are the major perceived causes of haematuria among the study participants. This underpins the need for health education and other efficacious interventions for community awareness on the disease etiology which is central to effective elimination campaign.

scholarly journals Human host factors required for influenza virus replication

Nature ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 463 (7282) ◽  
pp. 813-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate König ◽  
Silke Stertz ◽  
Yingyao Zhou ◽  
Atsushi Inoue ◽  
H. -Heinrich Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Influenza Virus Replication ◽  
Human Host Factors

scholarly journals Conserved Genomic Terminals of SARS-CoV-2 as Coevolving Functional Elements and Potential Therapeutic Targets

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes P. Chan ◽  
Yongwook Choi ◽  
Nicholas J. Schork
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Target Prediction ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Human Host Factors

ABSTRACT Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected over 40 million people worldwide, with over 1 million deaths as of October 2020 and with multiple efforts in the development and testing of antiviral drugs and vaccines under way. In order to gain insights into SARS-CoV-2 evolution and drug targets, we investigated how and to what extent the SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence differs from those of other well-characterized human and animal coronavirus genomes, as well as how polymorphic SARS-CoV-2 genomes are generally. We ultimately sought to identify features in the SARS-CoV-2 genome that may contribute to its viral replication, host pathogenicity, and vulnerabilities. Our analyses suggest the presence of unique sequence signatures in the 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) of betacoronavirus lineage B, which phylogenetically encompasses SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV as well as multiple groups of bat and animal coronaviruses. In addition, we identified genome-wide patterns of variation across different SARS-CoV-2 strains that likely reflect the effects of selection. Finally, we provide evidence for a possible host-microRNA-mediated interaction between the 3′-UTR and human microRNA hsa-miR-1307-3p based on the results of multiple computational target prediction analyses and an assessment of similar interactions involving the influenza A H1N1 virus. This interaction also suggests a possible survival mechanism, whereby a mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 3′-UTR leads to a weakened host immune response. The potential roles of host microRNAs in SARS-CoV-2 replication and infection and the exploitation of conserved features in the 3′-UTR as therapeutic targets warrant further investigation. IMPORTANCE The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is having a dramatic global effect on public health and the economy. As of October 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in over 189 countries, has infected over 40 million people, and is responsible for more than 1 million deaths. The genome of SARS-CoV-2 is small but complex, and its functions and interactions with human host factors are being studied extensively. The significance of our study is that, using extensive SARS-CoV-2 genome analysis techniques, we identified potential interacting human host microRNA targets that share similarity with those of influenza A virus H1N1. Our study results will allow the development of virus-host interaction models that will enhance our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and motivate the exploitation of both the interacting viral and host factors as therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Functional Genomics Approach for the Identification of Human Host Factors Supporting Dengue Viral Propagation

2014 ◽  
pp. 285-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Barrows ◽  
Sharon F. Jamison ◽  
Shelton S. Bradrick ◽  
Caroline Le Sommer ◽  
So Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Genomics ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Viral Propagation ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Human Host Factors

Why COVID-19 Transmission is More Efficient and Aggressive than Viral Transmission in Previous Coronavirus Epidemics?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Elrashdy ◽  
Elrashdy M. Redwan ◽  
Vladimir N Uversky
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Human Host ◽  
The Past ◽  
Viral Structure ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Host Factors

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The worldwide transmission of COVID-19 from human to human is spreading like wildfire, affecting almost every country in the world. In the past 100 years, the globe did not face microbial pandemic similar in scale to COVID-19. Taken together, both previous outbreaks of other members of the coronavirus family (SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV) did not produce even 1% of the global harm already inflicted by COVID-19. There are also four other CoVs capable of infecting humans (HCoVs), which circulate continuously in the human population, but their phenotypes are generally mild, and these HCoVs received relatively little attention. These dramatic differences between infection with HCoVs, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 raise many questions, such as: Why is COVID-19 transmitted so quickly? Is it due to the some specific features of the viral structure? Are there some specific human (host) factors? Are there some environmental factors? The aim of this review is to collect and concisely summaries the possible and logic answers to these questions.

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