scholarly journals High relatedness selects against hypermutability in bacterial metapopulations

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1615) ◽  
pp. 1341-1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freya Harrison ◽  
Angus Buckling
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Kin Selection ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Dense Population ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Pathogen Virulence ◽  
Potential Disadvantage ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences

Mutation rate and cooperation have important ecological and evolutionary consequences and, moreover, can affect pathogen virulence. While hypermutability accelerates adaptation to novel environments, hypermutable lineages (‘mutators’) are selected against in well-adapted populations. Using the model organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa , we previously demonstrated a further potential disadvantage to hypermutability, namely, that it can accelerate the breakdown of cooperation. We now investigate how this property of mutators can affect their persistence in metapopulations. Mutator and wild-type bacteria were competed for 250 generations in globally competing metapopulations, imposing conditions of high or low intra-deme relatedness. High relatedness favours cooperating groups, so we predicted that mutators should achieve lower equilibrium frequencies under high relatedness than under low relatedness. This was observed in our study. Consistent with our hypothesis, there was a positive correlation between mean mutator and cheat frequencies. We conclude that when dense population growth requires cooperation, and when cooperation is favoured (high relatedness), demes containing high frequencies of mutators are likely to be selected against because they also contain high frequencies of non-cooperating cheats. We have also identified conditions where mutator lineages are likely to dominate metapopulations; namely, when low relatedness reduces kin selection for cooperation. These results may help to explain clinical distributions of mutator bacteria.

scholarly journals Plasmid carriage can limit bacteria–phage coevolution

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 20150361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellie Harrison ◽  
Julie Truman ◽  
Rosanna Wright ◽  
Andrew J. Spiers ◽  
Steve Paterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Phage Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Accessory Gene ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Qualitative Resistance ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences ◽  
Plasmid Carriage

Coevolution with bacteriophages is a major selective force shaping bacterial populations and communities. A variety of both environmental and genetic factors has been shown to influence the mode and tempo of bacteria–phage coevolution. Here, we test the effects that carriage of a large conjugative plasmid, pQBR103, had on antagonistic coevolution between the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens and its phage, SBW25 ϕ 2. Plasmid carriage limited bacteria–phage coevolution; bacteria evolved lower phage-resistance and phages evolved lower infectivity in plasmid-carrying compared with plasmid-free populations. These differences were not explained by effects of plasmid carriage on the costs of phage resistance mutations. Surprisingly, in the presence of phages, plasmid carriage resulted in the evolution of high frequencies of mucoid bacterial colonies. Mucoidy can provide weak partial resistance against SBW25 ϕ 2, which may have limited selection for qualitative resistance mutations in our experiments. Taken together, our results suggest that plasmids can have evolutionary consequences for bacteria that go beyond the direct phenotypic effects of their accessory gene cargo.

The pathogenicity of rough strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for Galleria mellonella

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 2084-2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. B. Kropinski ◽  
J. S. Chadwick
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Colonial Morphology ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Wax Moth

Rough mutants of two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been isolated by selection for resistance to virulent lipopolysaccharide- specific phages. The rough mutants fell into two classes on the basis of colonial morphology and agglutination by acriflavine and NaCl. The pigment and exoenzyme-synthesizing properties of these derivatives were identical with those of the parental cultures. The rough strains were 8- to 62-fold less pathogenic for the larvae of the wax moth (Galleria mellonella) than the smooth wild-type cells.

The extraction and analysis of lipopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO, and three rough mutants

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Kropinski ◽  
L. C. Chan ◽  
F. H. Milazzo
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Chromatographic Resolution ◽  
Selection For

Three spontaneously arising rough mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been isolated by selection for resistance to virulent lipopolysaccharide (LPS) specific bacteriophages. In addition, the first phages specific for rough mutants of P. aeruginosa were isolated. Using these phage and autoagglutination patterns in 4% NaCl and acriflavine, these mutants could be clearly distinguished from the wild-type strain and each other. Chemical analysis of the LPS together with chromatographic resolution of the polysaccharide moieties showed alterations in both O-specific side chains and core regions.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals a RhlA-Dependent Modulation of Flagellar Genes in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa PAO1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Castro ◽  
Graciela Maria Dias ◽  
Tiago Salles ◽  
Núbia Cabral ◽  
Danielly Mariano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Dna Microarrays ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Swarming Motility ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
Flagellar Genes

Abstract Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and an important model organism for the study of bacterial group behaviors, including cell motility and biofilm formation. Rhamnolipids play a pivotal role on biofilm formation and motility phenotypes in P. aeruginosa, possibly acting as wetting agents and mediating chemotactic stimuli. However, no biochemical mechanism or gene regulatory network has been investigated in regard to rhamnolipids’ modulation of those group behaviors. Results: Using DNA microarrays, we investigated the transcriptomic profiles in the stationary phase of growth of wild-type P. aeruginosa PAO1 and a rhlA-mutant strain, unable to produce rhamnolipids. A total of 134 genes were differentially expressed, comprising different functional categories, indicating a significant physiological difference between the rhamnolipid-producing and non-producing strains. Interestingly, several flagellar genes are repressed in the mutant strain, which directly relates to the non-motile phenotype of the rhlA-minus strain. Swarming motility was restored with the addition of exogenous rhamnolipids obtained from the wild-type strain. Conclusions: Our results show significant evidence that rhamnolipids and/or their precursors, 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy) alkanoic acids, the major biosynthetic products of rhlABC pathway, seem to modulate gene expression in P. aeruginosa. Swarming motility assays support this hypothesis, since the non-motile rhlA-mutant strain had its swarming ability restored by the addition of exogenous rhamnolipids.

129 Genomic Relationship Between PRRSV Wild-type Infection and PRRSV Vaccination for Antibody Response and Reproductive Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
Leticia P Sanglard ◽  
Felipe Hickmann ◽  
Yijian Huang ◽  
Kent A Gray ◽  
Daniel Linhares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Large White ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Indicator Trait ◽  
Type Infection

Abstract Immunoglobulin G antibody response, measured as sample-to-positive (S/P) ratio, to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been proposed as an indicator trait for improved reproductive performance in PRRSV-infected purebred sows and PRRSV-vaccinated crossbred gilts. In this study, we investigated the genetic correlations (rg) of S/P ratio following a PRRSV outbreak and PRRSV-vaccination with performance in non-exposed and PRRSV-exposed sows. PRRSV outbreak phase was defined based on previously described methodologies after the detection of typical clinical signs of PRRSV infection. 541 Landrace sows had S/P ratio measured at ~54 days after the beginning of the PRRSV outbreak (S/Poutbreak), and 906 Landrace x Large White naïve F1 gilts had S/P ratio measured at ~50 days after vaccination with a commercial modified live PRRSV vaccine (S/PVx). 711 and 428 Landrace sows had reproductive performance recorded before and during the PRRSV outbreak, respectively. 811 vaccinated F1 animals had farrowing performance for up to 3 parities. All animals were genotyped for ~28K SNPs. The estimate of rg of S/Poutbreakwith S/PVx was high (rg±SE = 0.72±0.18). Estimates of rg of S/Poutbreak with reproductive performance in F1 sows were low to moderate, ranging from 0.05±0.23 (number stillborn) to 0.30±0.20 (total number born). Estimates of rg of S/PVxwith reproductive performance in non-infected purebred sows were moderate and favorable with number born alive (0.50±0.23), but low (0 to -0.11±0.23) with litter mortality traits. Estimates of rg of S/PVx were moderate and negative (-0.47±0.18) with the number of mummies in PRRSV-infected purebred sows and low with other traits (-0.29±0.18 for total number born to 0.05±0.18 for number stillborn). These results indicate that selection for antibody response following a PRRSV outbreak collected in purebred sows and to PRRSV vaccination collected in commercial crossbred gilts may increase litter size of non-infected and PRRSV-exposed purebred and commercial crossbred sows.

scholarly journals Lactose-Inducible System for Metabolic Engineering of Clostridium ljungdahlii

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 2410-2416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Areen Banerjee ◽  
Ching Leang ◽  
Toshiyuki Ueki ◽  
Kelly P. Nevin ◽  
Derek R. Lovley
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Inducible Expression ◽  
Carbon Flow ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microbial Electrosynthesis ◽  
Clostridium Ljungdahlii

ABSTRACTThe development of tools for genetic manipulation ofClostridium ljungdahliihas increased its attractiveness as a chassis for autotrophic production of organic commodities and biofuels from syngas and microbial electrosynthesis and established it as a model organism for the study of the basic physiology of acetogenesis. In an attempt to expand the genetic toolbox forC. ljungdahlii, the possibility of adapting a lactose-inducible system for gene expression, previously reported forClostridium perfringens, was investigated. The plasmid pAH2, originally developed forC. perfringenswith agusAreporter gene, functioned as an effective lactose-inducible system inC. ljungdahlii. Lactose induction ofC. ljungdahliicontaining pB1, in which the gene for the aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase AdhE1 was downstream of the lactose-inducible promoter, increased expression ofadhE130-fold over the wild-type level, increasing ethanol production 1.5-fold, with a corresponding decrease in acetate production. Lactose-inducible expression ofadhE1in a strain in whichadhE1and theadhE1homologadhE2had been deleted from the chromosome restored ethanol production to levels comparable to those in the wild-type strain. Inducing expression ofadhE2similarly failed to restore ethanol production, suggesting thatadhE1is the homolog responsible for ethanol production. Lactose-inducible expression of the four heterologous genes necessary to convert acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) to acetone diverted ca. 60% of carbon flow to acetone production during growth on fructose, and 25% of carbon flow went to acetone when carbon monoxide was the electron donor. These studies demonstrate that the lactose-inducible system described here will be useful for redirecting carbon and electron flow for the biosynthesis of products more valuable than acetate. Furthermore, this tool should aid in optimizing microbial electrosynthesis and for basic studies on the physiology of acetogenesis.

scholarly journals Biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa wild type, flagella and type IV pili mutants

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1511-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikkel Klausen ◽  
Arne Heydorn ◽  
Paula Ragas ◽  
Lotte Lambertsen ◽  
Anders Aaes-Jørgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Type Iv Pili ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Type Iv

scholarly journals ParB deficiency in Pseudomonas aeruginosa destabilizes the partner protein ParA and affects a variety of physiological parameters

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 1080-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Bartosik ◽  
J. Mierzejewska ◽  
C. M. Thomas ◽  
G. Jagura-Burdzy
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Partial Removal ◽  
Partner Protein ◽  
The One ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes

Deletions leading to complete or partial removal of ParB were introduced into the Pseudomonas aeruginosa chromosome. Fluorescence microscopy of fixed cells showed that ParB mutants lacking the C-terminal domain or HTH motif formed multiple, less intense foci scattered irregularly, in contrast to the one to four ParB foci per cell symmetrically distributed in wild-type P. aeruginosa. All parB mutations affected both bacterial growth and swarming and swimming motilities, and increased the production of anucleate cells. Similar effects were observed after inactivation of parA of P. aeruginosa. As complete loss of ParA destabilized its partner ParB it was unclear deficiency of which protein is responsible for the mutant phenotypes. Analysis of four parB mutants showed that complete loss of ParB destabilized ParA whereas three mutants that retained the N-terminal 90 aa of ParB did not. As all four parB mutants demonstrate the same defects it can be concluded that either ParB, or ParA and ParB in combination, plays an important role in nucleoid distribution, growth and motility in P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Increased rate of base substitution in a hamster mutator strain obtained during serial selection for gene amplification.

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 6805-6808 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Caligo ◽  
W Armstrong ◽  
B J Rossiter ◽  
M Meuth
Keyword(s):  
Gene Amplification ◽  
Dihydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Base Substitution ◽  
Gene Rearrangements ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Replication Process ◽  
Mutator Strain ◽  
Mutator Gene ◽  
Selection For

The pattern of mutations produced by a mutator gene (obtained during serial selection for amplification of the dihydrofolate reductase [dhfr] locus) shows a pronounced shift from that found in wild-type cells. The rate of certain types of base substitutions (particularly transitions) is dramatically increased, while gene rearrangements constitute a lower proportion of mutations. These data suggest a lower fidelity of the replication process in the mutator strain.

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