scholarly journals Kin-mediated reconciliation substitutes for direct reconciliation in female baboons

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1613) ◽  
pp. 1109-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman M Wittig ◽  
Catherine Crockford ◽  
Eva Wikberg ◽  
Robert M Seyfarth ◽  
Dorothy L Cheney
Keyword(s):  
Group Living ◽  
Papio Hamadryas ◽  
Playback Experiment ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Dominant Female ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Papio Hamadryas Ursinus ◽  
Female Subjects

It has been hypothesized that group-living mammals engage in reconciliation (post-conflict affiliation between former opponents) to reduce the disruptive costs of aggression and restore opponents' tolerance to baseline levels. Recipients of aggression are sometimes reluctant to tolerate the proximity of a recent opponent, however, in apparent fear that aggression will be renewed. In such cases, reconciliatory behaviour by the aggressor's close kin may substitute for direct reconciliation. We describe a playback experiment with free-ranging baboons ( Papio hamadryas ursinus ) that examines whether friendly behaviour by the aggressor's kin can substitute for direct reconciliation by the aggressor herself. In the test condition, female subjects who had recently been threatened heard the friendly grunt of one of their aggressor's relatives, mimicking kin-mediated vocal reconciliation. In the control condition, subjects heard the grunt of a dominant female from a different matriline. Subjects responded significantly more strongly in test than in control trials. Moreover, in the next hour they were significantly more likely to tolerate the proximity of both their aggressor and the relative whose grunt they had heard. In contrast, subjects' behaviour towards both control females and other members of their aggressor's matriline was unaffected. We conclude that kin-mediated vocal reconciliation can substitute for direct reconciliation in baboons.

scholarly journals Behavioural and hormonal responses to predation in female chacma baboons ( Papio hamadryas ursinus )

2005 ◽  
Vol 273 (1587) ◽  
pp. 707-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne L Engh ◽  
Jacinta C Beehner ◽  
Thore J Bergman ◽  
Patricia L Whitten ◽  
Rebekah R Hoffmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Papio Hamadryas ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
Female Relative ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Grooming Behaviour ◽  
Papio Hamadryas Ursinus

In humans, bereavement is associated with an increase in glucocorticoid (GC) levels, though this increase can be mitigated by social support. We examined faecal GC levels and grooming behaviour of free-ranging female baboons to determine whether similar effects were also evident in a non-human species. Females who lost a close relative experienced a significant increase in GC levels in the weeks following their relative's death compared with the weeks before, whereas control females showed no such increase. Despite the fact that females concentrate much of their grooming on close kin, females who lost a close female relative did not experience a decrease in grooming rate and number of grooming partners; instead, both grooming rate and number of grooming partners increased after a relative's death. While the death of a close relative was clearly stressful over the short term, females appeared to compensate for this loss by broadening and strengthening their grooming networks. Perhaps as a result, females' GC levels soon returned to baseline. Even in the presence of familiar troop-mates and other relatives, females experienced a stress response when they lost specific companions, and they apparently sought to alleviate it by broadening and strengthening their social relationships.

Correlates of stress in free-ranging male chacma baboons, Papio hamadryas ursinus

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Bergman ◽  
J.C. Beehner ◽  
D.L. Cheney ◽  
R.M. Seyfarth ◽  
P.L. Whitten
Keyword(s):  
Papio Hamadryas ◽  
Chacma Baboons ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Papio Hamadryas Ursinus

scholarly journals Ontogenetic Scaling of Fore- and Hind Limb Posture in Wild Chacma Baboons (Papio hamadryas ursinus)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e71020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biren A. Patel ◽  
Angela M. Horner ◽  
Nathan E. Thompson ◽  
Louise Barrett ◽  
S. Peter Henzi
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Papio Hamadryas ◽  
Limb Posture ◽  
Chacma Baboons ◽  
Papio Hamadryas Ursinus

Integrating behavior and cardiovascular responses: posture and locomotion. I. Static analysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (6) ◽  
pp. R1458-R1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Smith ◽  
C. A. Astley ◽  
F. A. Spelman ◽  
E. V. Golanov ◽  
V. G. Chalyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Papio Hamadryas ◽  
Code Generator ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Free Ranging

Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, and renal and mesenteric or femoral blood flow were telemetered from 11 Papio hamadryas in an untethered free-ranging situation. The animals' behavior was recorded on videotape, and the cardiovascular (CV) data were recorded on the audio channels of the tape. The behavior was coded, and the codes were linked to the CV data via a time-code generator and computer control. The CV data were digitized into 1-s intervals, and the static relations between CV measures and the postures/locomotions (P/Ls) associated with the behavior were analyzed. The total frequency distributions for heart rate, blood pressure, and renal conductance approximated Gaussian distributions, whereas femoral conductance was positively skewed. The distribution for renal conductance suggested that during normal waking conditions the kidney is not maximally dilated and may increase or decrease its blood flow. All distributions were highly influenced by the Sit category, which occupied 80% of the total time. The CV measures for all P/Ls had wide ranges, and the CV values associated with each P/L overlapped those for the other P/Ls. The heart rate and renal conductance associated with the various P/Ls showed the largest deviations from the grand means and therefore contributed the most to the ability to discriminate one P/L from another. Blood pressure varied little from one P/L to another. The patterns of CV variables served to distinguish particular P/Ls very effectively. The frequency distributions were separated best when they were parceled on the basis of the intensity of behavior associated with a particular P/L. These variations in intensity were the major cause of the overlaps in the frequency distributions associated with P/Ls.

scholarly journals Grooming in Barbary macaques: better to give than to receive?

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Shutt ◽  
Ann MacLarnon ◽  
Michael Heistermann ◽  
Stuart Semple
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Lower Stress ◽  
Macaca Sylvanus ◽  
Barbary Macaques ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Grooming Behaviour

It is well established that grooming underpins sociality in group-living primates, and a number of studies have documented the stress-reducing effects of being groomed. In this study, we quantified grooming behaviour and physiological stress (assessed by faecal glucocorticoid analysis) in free-ranging Barbary macaques, Macaca sylvanus . Our results indicate that it is the giving rather than the receiving of grooming that is associated with lower stress levels. These findings shed important new light on the benefits of this key behaviour in primate social life.

Collective behaviour of wild Asian elephants in risky situations: how do social groups cross roads?

Behaviour ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 154 (12) ◽  
pp. 1215-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Mizuno ◽  
Nachiketha Sharma ◽  
Gen’ichi Idani ◽  
Raman Sukumar
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Asian Elephants ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Group Members ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Road Crossing

Among group-living animals, some members may derive benefit by following the decisions of other members. Free-ranging wild Asian elephants in Mudumalai National Park, southern India, must often cross roads and can be disturbed by vehicles. We assessed if measures of road and traffic characteristics serve as indicators of risk, and compared behaviours of different age classes during road-crossing events. More individuals displayed excitable behaviour on wider roads. A larger number of adults entered the road first, which is considered the most dangerous position, compared with immature elephants. Immature individuals tended to move ahead of others on the road, suggesting that it is more important for immature individuals to follow adults at the beginning of a crossing than to follow along for the entire crossing. These findings may suggest that less experienced group members derive benefit by following the decisions of experienced ones under risky situations.

Habitual cave use and thermoregulation in chacma baboons (Papio hamadryas ursinus)

2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Barrett ◽  
D. Gaynor ◽  
D. Rendall ◽  
D. Mitchell ◽  
S.P. Henzi
Keyword(s):  
Papio Hamadryas ◽  
Chacma Baboons ◽  
Cave Use ◽  
Papio Hamadryas Ursinus

scholarly journals Physiological implications of pair-bond status in greylag geese

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia A. F. Wascher ◽  
Brigitte M. Weiß ◽  
Walter Arnold ◽  
Kurt Kotrschal
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Pair Bond ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Anser Anser ◽  
The Social ◽  
Greylag Geese ◽  
Free Ranging

In group-living vertebrates, reliable social allies play a decisive role in dealing with stressors. For example, support by social allies is known to dampen glucocorticoid responses. It remains unknown, however, how social embedding affects the sympatho-adrenergic axis as indicated by heart rate (HR) in non-human animals. We studied the relationships between HR, pair-bond status and distance from the pair-partner in twenty-five free-ranging greylag geese ( Anser anser ) in a natural social environment. In three individuals, we investigated HR responses following partner loss. Overall, we found a context- and sex-dependent difference in HR between paired and unpaired individuals, paired males having a lower HR during agonistic encounters, and unpaired females having a lower HR during resting. Also, in paired females HR increased with increasing distance from the partner. Our data suggest that HR is modulated by pair-bond status in greylag geese in a context- and sex-dependent manner, which may be representative for social vertebrates in general. Despite the low sample size, the present study indicates that proper social embedding may optimize an individual's physiological investment in the social domain. This reduces individual energy expenditure and may benefit health and reproductive success.

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