scholarly journals Effects on weed and invertebrate abundance and diversity of herbicide management in genetically modified herbicide-tolerant winter-sown oilseed rape

2005 ◽  
Vol 272 (1562) ◽  
pp. 463-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A Bohan ◽  
Caroline W.H Boffey ◽  
David R Brooks ◽  
Suzanne J Clark ◽  
Alan M Dewar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Invertebrate Abundance ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Herbicide Management

scholarly journals Invertebrate responses to the management of genetically modified herbicide–tolerant and conventional spring crops. I. Soil-surface-active invertebrates

2003 ◽  
Vol 358 (1439) ◽  
pp. 1847-1862 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
D. R. Brooks ◽  
D. A. Bohan ◽  
G. T. Champion ◽  
A. J. Haughton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Herbicide Management

The effects of herbicide management of genetically modified herbicide–tolerant (GMHT) beet, maize and spring oilseed rape on the abundance and diversity of soil–surface–active invertebrates were assessed. Most effects did not differ between years, environmental zones or initial seedbanks or between sugar and fodder beet. This suggests that the results may be treated as generally applicable to agricultural situations throughout the UK for these crops. The direction of the effects was evenly balanced between increases and decreases in counts in the GMHT compared with the conventional treatment. Most effects involving a greater capture in the GMHT treatments occurred in maize, whereas most effects involving a smaller capture were in beet and spring oilseed rape. Differences between GMHT and conventional crop herbicide management had a significant effect on the capture of most surface–active invertebrate species and higher taxa tested in at least one crop, and these differences reflected the phenology and ecology of the invertebrates. Counts of carabids that feed on weed seeds were smaller in GMHT beet and spring oilseed rape but larger in GMHT maize. In contrast, collembolan detritivore counts were significantly larger under GMHT crop management.

scholarly journals Invertebrate responses to the management of genetically modified herbicide–tolerant and conventional spring crops. II. Within-field epigeal and aerial arthropods

2003 ◽  
Vol 358 (1439) ◽  
pp. 1863-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
A. J. Haughton ◽  
G. T. Champion ◽  
C. Hawes ◽  
M. S. Heard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Foraging Preferences ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant ◽  
Farm Scale ◽  
Herbicide Management

The effects of the management of genetically modified herbicide–tolerant (GMHT) crops on the abundances of aerial and epigeal arthropods were assessed in 66 beet, 68 maize and 67 spring oilseed rape sites as part of the Farm Scale Evaluations of GMHT crops. Most higher taxa were insensitive to differences between GMHT and conventional weed management, but significant effects were found on the abundance of at least one group within each taxon studied. Numbers of butterflies in beet and spring oilseed rape and of Heteroptera and bees in beet were smaller under the relevant GMHT crop management, whereas the abundance of Collembola was consistently greater in all GMHT crops. Generally, these effects were specific to each crop type, reflected the phenology and ecology of the arthropod taxa, were indirect and related to herbicide management. These results apply generally to agriculture across Britain, and could be used in mathematical models to predict the possible long–term effects of the widespread adoption of GMHT technology. The results for bees and butterflies relate to foraging preferences and might or might not translate into effects on population densities, depending on whether adoption leads to forage reductions over large areas. These species, and the detritivore Collembola, may be useful indicator species for future studies of GMHT management.

scholarly journals Invertebrates and vegetation of field margins adjacent to crops subject to contrasting herbicide regimes in the Farm Scale Evaluations of genetically modified herbicide–tolerant crops

2003 ◽  
Vol 358 (1439) ◽  
pp. 1879-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
D. B. Roy ◽  
D. A. Bohan ◽  
A. J. Haughton ◽  
M. O. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Field Margins ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant ◽  
Adjacent Field ◽  
Farm Scale ◽  
The Difference

The effects of management of genetically modified herbicide–tolerant (GMHT) crops on adjacent field margins were assessed for 59 maize, 66 beet and 67 spring oilseed rape sites. Fields were split into halves, one being sown with a GMHT crop and the other with the equivalent conventional non–GMHT crop. Margin vegetation was recorded in three components of the field margins. Most differences were in the tilled area, with fewer smaller effects mirroring them in the verge and boundary. In spring oilseed rape fields, the cover, flowering and seeding of plants were 25%, 44% and 39% lower, respectively, in the GMHT uncropped tilled margins. Similarly, for beet, flowering and seeding were 34% and 39% lower, respectively, in the GMHT margins. For maize, the effect was reversed, with plant cover and flowering 28% and 67% greater, respectively, in the GMHT half. Effects on butterflies mirrored these vegetation effects, with 24% fewer butterflies in margins of GMHT spring oilseed rape. The likely cause is the lower nectar supply in GMHT tilled margins and crop edges. Few large treatment differences were found for bees, gastropods or other invertebrates. Scorching of vegetation by herbicide–spray drift was on average 1.6% on verges beside conventional crops and 3.7% beside GMHT crops, the difference being significant for all three crops.

scholarly journals Feral genetically modified herbicide tolerant oilseed rape from seed import spills: are concerns scientifically justified?

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Devos ◽  
Rosemary S. Hails ◽  
Antoine Messéan ◽  
Joe N. Perry ◽  
Geoffrey R. Squire
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant

scholarly journals Effects of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant cropping systems on weed seedbanks in two years of following crops

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.G Firbank ◽  
P Rothery ◽  
M.J May ◽  
S.J Clark ◽  
R.J Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
First Year ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Farmland Biodiversity ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant ◽  
Farm Scale ◽  
Second Year

The Farm Scale Evaluations (FSEs) showed that genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) cropping systems could influence farmland biodiversity because of their effects on weed biomass and seed production. Recently published results for winter oilseed rape showed that a switch to GMHT crops significantly affected weed seedbanks for at least 2 years after the crops were sown, potentially causing longer-term effects on other taxa. Here, we seek evidence for similar medium-term effects on weed seedbanks following spring-sown GMHT crops, using newly available data from the FSEs. Weed seedbanks following GMHT maize were significantly higher than following conventional varieties for both the first and second years, while by contrast, seedbanks following GMHT spring oilseed rape were significantly lower over this period. Seedbanks following GMHT beet were smaller than following conventional crops in the first year after the crops had been sown, but this difference was much reduced by the second year for reasons that are not clear. These new data provide important empirical evidence for longer-term effects of GMHT cropping on farmland biodiversity.

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