scholarly journals Gustatory sensilla sensitive to protein kairomones trigger host acceptance by an endoparasitoid

2002 ◽  
Vol 269 (1503) ◽  
pp. 1879-1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bénédet ◽  
T. Leroy ◽  
N. Gauthier ◽  
C. Thibaudeau ◽  
E. Thibout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Acceptance ◽  
Gustatory Sensilla

scholarly journals Assortments of Digestive Enzymes Induced in First Instar Larvae of Busseola fusca Feeding on Different Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117954331984352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérald Juma ◽  
Bruno Le Ru ◽  
Paul-André Calatayud
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Busseola Fusca ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Host Acceptance ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Sub Saharan

The stem borer Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest of maize and sorghum in sub-Saharan Africa. This insect has oligophagous feeding habits, feeding mostly on maize and sorghum with a narrow range of wild Poaceous plant species. We hypothesised that first instar B. fusca larvae, the critical stage for successful establishment on a host plant, can establish and then grow on a particular plant as a result of induction of a complement of digestive enzymes that mediates host acceptance at first instars. A fast semi-quantitative analysis of potentially digestive enzymatic activities present in the first larvae previously fed for 4 days on leaves of host and non-host plants was performed using the API-ZYM kit system able to detect a multiplex of enzyme activities. Regardless of the plant species, the larvae exhibited higher activities of the carbohydrate metabolising enzymes than of aminopeptidases and proteases. In addition, highest activities of carbohydrates degrading enzymes were exhibited by larvae that consumed leaves of the most preferred plant species of B. fusca. Conversely, esterases were only detected in neonate larvae that consumed leaves of the less preferred and non-host plants. No alkaline phosphatase and lipase activities were detected. The significance of these results was discussed in terms of food requirements of first instar larvae when settling on a plant.

scholarly journals Variance: A Possible Coding Mechanism for Gustatory Sensilla on the Labellum of the Fleshfly Sarcophaga Bullata

1990 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
B. K. MITCHELL ◽  
J. J.B. SMITH ◽  
P. J. ALBERT ◽  
A. T. WHITEHEAD
Keyword(s):  
Complex Stimulus ◽  
Three Solutions ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
Sarcophaga Bullata ◽  
Medium Length ◽  
Electrophysiological Responses ◽  
Taste Sensilla ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Behavioural Tests ◽  
Gustatory Sensilla

In behavioural tests, 2-day-old female Sarcophaga bullata consumed more liver or fish powder in solution than 100 mmol l−1 sucrose. We investigated the chemosensory basis of this discrimination by recording electrophysiological responses of 177 medium-length labellar taste sensilla from 10 different flies to two applications of each of these three solutions. Responses from three chemosensory cells were evident in most records. Cell 1 produced a mean response of 37.6 impulses s−1, and similar responses to all three stimuli. It was the most active of the three cells. Cell 2 produced a significantly greater response to fish than to liver or sucrose in one of the two stimulus applications. Cell 3, the least active, responded with twice the firing rate to fish than to liver or sucrose. However, the mean firing rates did not provide information that could account for the observed behavioural discrimination. The only difference in the electrophysiological responses to the three stimuli which correlated with the behavioural discrimination was the variance of the response of cell 1, which was much higher to sucrose than to either fish or liver. We propose that variance itself could provide the necessary information to allow the fly's nervous system to distinguish between a ‘simple’ stimulus such as sucrose and a ‘complex’ stimulus such as fish or liver.

Host specificity in the host-seeking larva of the dipteran parasitoidMallophora ruficaudaand the influence of age on parasitism decisions

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Barrantes ◽  
M.K. Castelo
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Host Acceptance ◽  
Chemical Stimulus ◽  
Chemical Cue ◽  
Behavioural Flexibility ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
Host Seeking

AbstractLarvae of the robber flyMallophora ruficaudaare ectoparasitoids of white grubs and adults are an important apiculture pest in Argentina. Females oviposit on tall grasses and the second instar larva actively searches and locates hosts. There are nine potential hosts in the distribution area of this parasitoid andCyclocephala signaticollis(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is the most parasitized in the field. However,M. ruficaudahas a certain degree of behavioural flexibility towards different host species, and not being a strict specialist. The conditions under which the parasitoid orientates and accepts different hosts’ species are unknown. We studied the host specificity ofM. ruficaudatowards three species ofCyclocephalagenus and we determined whether this specificity depends on larval age. We also evaluated whether larva orientation towardsCyclocephalaspecies changes with chemical cue concentration. We assessed host specificity measuring the orientation and acceptance behaviours towards kairomones extracts and live individuals ofCyclocephalaspecies usingM. ruficaudalarvae of low and high life expectancy (i.e., young and aged second instar larvae). We observed that young larvae orientated only towardsC. signaticollischemical stimulus, whereas aged larvae orientated also towardsC. modesta, and the same was observed with increasing stimuli's concentration. Both young and agedM. ruficaudalarvae orientate towards liveC. signaticollisandC. putridaspecies and rejectedC. modesta. Also, we found that larvae accepted allCyclocephalahosts. In conclusion, our results indicate that specificity in the laboratory, observed through host orientation and host acceptance behaviours, depends not only on the availability of host species, but also on the nature of the host's stimuli combined with parasitoid age.

scholarly journals Diet choice: The two-factor host acceptance system of silkworm larvae

PLoS Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. e3000828
Author(s):  
Kana Tsuneto ◽  
Haruka Endo ◽  
Fumika Shii ◽  
Ken Sasaki ◽  
Shinji Nagata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Acceptance ◽  
Diet Choice ◽  
Silkworm Larvae

Morphology and innervation of mouthpart sensilla in larvae of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 842-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Albert
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Maxillary Palp ◽  
Labial Palp ◽  
Gustatory Sensilla ◽  
Scanning Electron

The structure and innervation as determined by methylene blue techniques of the sensilla of the maxillary palp, galea, mandible, labrum, and labial palp of the spruce budworm larva are described, based on light and scanning electron microscopy. An attempt is made to identify the function of various sensilla by comparing them with those of other insects. The function of the gustatory sensilla on the galea and epipharynx is confirmed electrophysiologically.

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