scholarly journals A model for colour pattern formation in the butterfly wing of Papilio dardanus

2000 ◽  
Vol 267 (1446) ◽  
pp. 851-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Sekimura ◽  
Anotida Madzvamuse ◽  
Andrew J. Wathen ◽  
Philip K. Maini
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Butterfly Wing

scholarly journals Evolution of the wave: aerodynamic and aposematic functions of butterfly wing motion

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1612) ◽  
pp. 913-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B Srygley
Keyword(s):  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Warning Signal ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Butterfly Wing ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Wing Beat Frequency ◽  
Wing Motion ◽  
Heliconius Cydno

Many unpalatable butterfly species use coloration to signal their distastefulness to birds, but motion cues may also be crucial to ward off predatory attacks. In previous research, captive passion-vine butterflies Heliconius mimetic in colour pattern were also mimetic in motion. Here, I investigate whether wing motion changes with the flight demands of different behaviours. If birds select for wing motion as a warning signal, aposematic butterflies should maintain wing motion independently of behavioural context. Members of one mimicry group ( Heliconius cydno and Heliconius sapho ) beat their wings more slowly and their wing strokes were more asymmetric than their sister-species ( Heliconius melpomene and Heliconius erato , respectively), which were members of another mimicry group having a quick and steady wing motion. Within mimicry groups, wing beat frequency declined as its role in generating lift also declined in different behavioural contexts. In contrast, asymmetry of the stroke was not associated with wing beat frequency or behavioural context—strong indication that birds process and store the Fourier motion energy of butterfly wings. Although direct evidence that birds respond to subtle differences in butterfly wing motion is lacking, birds appear to generalize a motion pattern as much as they encounter members of a mimicry group in different behavioural contexts.

scholarly journals New insight into the molecular mechanism of colour differentiation among floral segments in orchids

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bai-Jun Li ◽  
Bao-Qiang Zheng ◽  
Jie-Yu Wang ◽  
Wen-Chieh Tsai ◽  
Hsiang-Chia Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Flower Colour ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Spatiotemporal Expression ◽  
Pigment Distribution ◽  
Colour Patterns ◽  
R2r3 Myb ◽  
Pigment Accumulation

AbstractAn unbalanced pigment distribution among the sepal and petal segments results in various colour patterns of orchid flowers. Here, we explored this type of mechanism of colour pattern formation in flowers of the Cattleya hybrid ‘KOVA’. Our study showed that pigment accumulation displayed obvious spatiotemporal specificity in the flowers and was likely regulated by three R2R3-MYB transcription factors. Before flowering, RcPAP1 was specifically expressed in the epichile to activate the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, which caused substantial cyanin accumulation and resulted in a purple-red colour. After flowering, the expression of RcPAP2 resulted in a low level of cyanin accumulation in the perianths and a pale pink colour, whereas RcPCP1 was expressed only in the hypochile, where it promoted α-carotene and lutein accumulation and resulted in a yellow colour. Additionally, we propose that the spatiotemporal expression of different combinations of AP3- and AGL6-like genes might participate in KOVA flower colour pattern formation.

A comprehensive model for colour pattern formation in butterflies

1990 ◽  
Vol 239 (1294) ◽  
pp. 81-113 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Single Model ◽  
Simple Diffusion ◽  
Taxonomic Relation ◽  
Step Model ◽  
Colour Patterns ◽  
Modelling Effort ◽  
Source Sink

This paper presents an attempt to construct a single model that can account for pattern formation in a very broad diversity of Lepidoptera. A pattern database is developed for 330 genera and 2208 species in the family Nymphalidae. It is argued that because of the close taxonomic relation between these species, and that all have patterns that are readily derived from the homology system known as the nymphalid ground-plan, the whole diversity of patterns in the database should emerge from a single model mechanism, and that most of this diversity should emerge from simple quantitative variations of the parameters of that model. A formal list of desiderata and constraints on any model for colour pattern formation is developed and used as the basis for the present modelling effort. Based on the assumptions of simple diffusion and threshold mech­anisms, a pattern of source-sink distributions is deduced that can gen­erate the diversity of patterns in the database. The adequacy of this source-sink ‘toolbox' is tested by computer simulation; it is shown that a two-gradient model with a simple additive relation between the two gradients suffices to generate nearly the entire diversity of patterns observed. The requisite positions of the sources and sinks of the toolbox, in turn, emerge readily from Meinhardt’s lateral inhibition model for reaction diffusion. Thus a two step model, consisting first of a reaction- diffusion system that sets up a source-sink pattern and is followed by simple diffusion of a morphogen from those sources, appears to be able to generate nearly the entire diversity of colour patterns seen in the Nymphalidae.

scholarly journals Homotypic cell competition regulates proliferation and tiling of zebrafish pigment cells during colour pattern formation

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Walderich ◽  
Ajeet Pratap Singh ◽  
Prateek Mahalwar ◽  
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Pigment Cells ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Cell Competition

scholarly journals A predictive model for color pattern formation in the butterfly wing of {\it Papilio dardanus}

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anotida Madzvamuse ◽  
Philip K. Maini ◽  
Andrew J. Wathen ◽  
Toshio Sekimura
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Butterfly Wing

scholarly journals Zebrafish Stripes as a Model for Vertebrate Colour Pattern Formation

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. R81-R92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajeet Pratap Singh ◽  
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Colour Pattern
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