The unification of neural activity

1968 ◽  
Vol 171 (1024) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Simple Hypothesis ◽  
Neural Organization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain

In studying the brain, two levels of investigation emerge naturally. One of these concerns itself with properties of nerve cells, their numbers, patterns of firing, interconnexions, and so forth. The other considers the whole nervous system in what one may call ‘macroscopic’ terms. Thus it discusses ‘stimulus’, ‘response’, ‘decision’, etc. At this latter level, the nervous system operates with considerable unity. The individual nerve cells must therefore be linked in a well-integrated manner and the general nature of this integration has been recognized, especially by neurophysiologists such as Sherrington, to present a problem of central importance for our understanding of the brain. In previously published work, I have put forward a theory of how this unification of neural activity might be achieved and of a possible molecular biological basis of the necessary neural organization. In this talk I restrict myself to the first of these and thus give an account of what might be called the basic logic of the unification. I also indicate briefly how a simple hypothesis about the basis of memory would fit into such a theory.

The Brain

2017 ◽  
pp. 35-67
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Neuronal Structure ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

The goal of this chapter is to provide a quick overview about the brain in order to understand the individual, explaining the combination of the nerve cells to achieve human mental capacities, perception, movement, speech and emotion. From the knowledge of the neuronal structure available on this chapter, we are able to understand the neuronal function and the structure of the nervous system, how the connections are made, the impact on emotions and, consequently, its importance in Neuromarketing.

The musculature and nervous system of the plerocercoid larva of Dibothriorhynchus grossum (Rud.)

Parasitology ◽  
1941 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolen Rees
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lateral Nerve ◽  
Posterior Median ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Ventral Muscle ◽  
Nerve Cords ◽  
Extrinsic Muscles

1. The structure of the proboscides of the larva of Dibothriorhynchus grossum (Rud.) is described. Each proboscis is provided with four sets of extrinsic muscles, and there is an anterior dorso-ventral muscle mass connected to all four proboscides.2. The musculature of the body and scolex is described.3. The nervous system consists of a brain, two lateral nerve cords, two outer and inner anterior nerves on each side, twenty-five pairs of bothridial nerves to each bothridium, four longitudinal bothridial nerves connecting these latter before their entry into the bothridia, four proboscis nerves arising from the brain, and a series of lateral nerves supplying the lateral regions of the body.4. The so-called ganglia contain no nerve cells, these are present only in the posterior median commissure which is therefore the nerve centre.

scholarly journals A three-step model of stress management for health leaders

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hartney
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Stress Management ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Step Model ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
Managing Stress ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

The current healthcare system is often as highly stressful environment for patients, their families, and for the employees of the system. Health leaders also experience stress, which can have profound repercussions if not well managed. This article describes the impact of stress on the brain and nervous system functioning of health leaders, then, drawing on evidence from the literature, presents a three-step model for managing stress at the individual, team/organizational, and system levels.

Examining the nervous system of an older patient

2017 ◽  
pp. 865-870
Author(s):  
Henry J. Woodford ◽  
James George
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Neurological Assessment ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Power Testing ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Age Related Changes

Ageing is associated with changes in the nervous system, especially the accumulation of neurodegenerative and white matter lesions within the brain. Abnormalities are commonly found when examining older people and some of these are associated with functional impairment and a higher risk of death. In order to reliably interpret examination findings it is important to assess cognition, hearing, vision, and speech first. Clarity of instruction is key. Interpretation of findings must take into account common age-related changes. For example, genuine increased tone should be distinguished from paratonia. Power testing should look for asymmetry within the individual, rather than compare to the strength of the examiner. Parkinsonism should be looked for and gait should be observed. Neurological assessment can incorporate a range of cortical abilities and tests of autonomic function, but the extent of these assessments is likely to be determined by the clinical situation and time available.

Examining the nervous system of an older patient

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry J. Woodford ◽  
James George
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Neurological Assessment ◽  
Older Patient ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Power Testing ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain

Ageing is associated with changes in the nervous system, especially the accumulation of neurodegenerative and white matter lesions within the brain. Abnormalities are commonly found when examining older people and some of these are associated with functional impairment and a higher risk of death. In order to reliably interpret examination findings it is important to assess cognition, hearing, vision, and speech first. Clarity of instruction is key. Interpretation of findings must take into account common age-related changes. For example, genuine increased tone should be distinguished from paratonia. Power testing should look for asymmetry within the individual, rather than compare to the strength of the examiner. Parkinsonism should be looked for and gait should be observed. Neurological assessment can incorporate a range of cortical abilities and tests of autonomic function, but the extent of these assessments is likely to be determined by the clinical situation and time available.

The Inner Drama of the Body

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Wilson Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Late Work ◽  
Music Drama ◽  
The Brain

Wagnerites and anti-Wagnerites frequently agreed at least in this: that the novelty of Wagner’s art was that it was directed first and foremost at the nerves. And it was not simply audience members who understood Wagner’s music dramas as essentially neural; it was also Wagner himself. Critics have long appreciated the importance of Wagner’s Beethoven essay of 1870, an essay that theorizes Wagner’s late movement toward “inner drama” and toward the dominance of music over text. Largely unappreciated, however, is the central importance of the neurological sciences in this transition; what Wagner aimed at in this essay was not simply the inner drama of the psyche but also—and inextricably—the inner drama of the body: that is, the drama of the brain and the nervous system. It is this profoundly neuropsychological understanding of art that drives Wagner’s late work—above all his final music drama, Parsifal.

scholarly journals OTAK DAN AKAL DALAM AYAT-AYAT NEUROSAINS

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-140
Author(s):  
Fu`ad Arif Noor
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reasonable Use ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Neuroscience, are simply the science devoted to learning Neoron(nerve cells). Nerve cells make up the nervous system, both thecentral nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheralnerves (31 pairs and 12 pairs of spinal nerve head). A nerve cellitself is not the smallest unit away from the nerve cell, the smallestunit of nerve cells (neurons) are the synapses ie the meeting point oftwo nerve cells move and pass the information (neurotransmitters).At the level of molecular biology, the smallest unit is like genes(genetic studies). Generally, the neuroscientist focused on nervecells in the brain. In the Qur'an sense has a glorious position. It wasevident the word "reasonable" in the Qur'an is mentioned insignificant amounts. The word "reasonable" in the Qur'an is called49 times. All in the form mudhari deed '(a verb that indicates thecurrent and future), but one that is shaped madhi verb (a verb thatindicates the past).Although the Qur'an does not mention the "sense" in its form as' acertain part of the human self '(سفنلا ىف لاقتسم ارهوج), which becamethe source of the birth of any acts rationally, but the Qur'anmentions "reasonable" in its meaning as' activities reasonable use'(لقعتلا ةيلمع), the appeal that invites use of reason as the path to truth(لقعتلا), thinking (ركفتلا), watching (رظنلا), to understand and learn(هقفتلا), take the wisdom and lessons from each incident (رابتعلاا) andetc.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE AUTONOMOUS NERVOUS SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-217
Author(s):  
A.P. Stepanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Autonomous Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Lumbar Spinal ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Lateral Nuclei

The autonomic nervous system consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. The central part is represented by supra-segmental and segmental centres. Parasympathetic segmental centres in the brain are accessory nucleus of the oculomotor nerves, superior salivary nucleus of the facial nerve, inferior salivary nucleus of the glossopharyngeal nerve and dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve. In the spinal cord, these are the intermediate lateral nuclei. Sympathetic segmental centres in the brain are absent, and in the spinal cord, intermediate-lateral nuclei are located in the lateral horns in the eighth cervical, all thoracic and 1-2 lumbar spinal segments. The peripheral part of the autonomic nervous system is represented by pre-nodal and post-nodal branches, paravertebral, prevertebral and terminal nodes and plexuses. The intramural part of the autonomic nervous system lies in the larger part of a wide and narrow-loop net and represented with a large number of nerve cells different by their shapes and sizes and clustered as intramural nodes, or individual nerve cells included along the net loops. The autonomic plexuses of the abdominal cavity are topographically divided into celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric, abdominal aortic, mesenteric, superior and inferior hypogastric region.

Analyzing the brain

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-541
Author(s):  
Peter Gouras
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Modeling ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Link Structure ◽  
Neural Organization ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Combining Information

Neural organization describes an approach to analyzing neural function in anatomically defined subsystems in the brain, the hippocampus, cerebellum, sensory systems, thalamus, basal ganglia, and cerebral cortex, combining information on neurocircuitry with mathematical models that link structure with function. It is an up-to-date source on the major schemes and background for neural modeling of the central nervous system and is combined with a Web site that includes tutorials and on-line modeling possibilities.

NOISE IN THE BRAIN: A PHYSICAL NETWORK MODEL

1996 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 551-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
HERMANN HAKEN
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Neural Nets ◽  
Sigmoid Function ◽  
Explicit Model ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Close Analogy ◽  
Nonlinear Properties ◽  
Basic Equations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain

In the brain as in any other open physical systems, noise is inevitable. We present an explicit model of an active physical system that is borrowed from laser physics and allows us to establish the properties of the fluctuating forces that cause noise in the system. It is shown how the cooperation of the individual parts of a system (atoms or neurons) can considerably reduce the noise level. In particular we determine the correlation function between the individual parts. The basic equations can be transformed in such a way that a close analogy with typical equations of neural nets are obtained. In particular, the nonlinear properties of neurons described by the sigmoid function are well captured. Propagation of excitation in axons and dendrites is represented by a linear equation, where we consider both a bandwidth filter and more or less free propagation. In the latter case, a close analogy with an equation for neural activity in the sense of Nunez and established by Jirsa and Haken is pointed out.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document