scholarly journals Induced changes in the pigmentation of the pupœ of the butterfly P ieris napi L., and their inheritance

1928 ◽  
Vol 102 (718) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Light Conditions ◽  
Green Colour ◽  
Ordinary Light ◽  
Bright Green ◽  
Induced Changes

It has, of course, long been known that the pigmentation of the pupae of the two lepidopterous species, Pieris brassicœ L. and P. rapœ L. (Poulton, 1887), is influenced by the colour of the light to which the larvae from which they are developed are exposed just before pupation. In particular, if the larvae are allowed to pupate in orange light, a heavy percentage of the pupae obtained is of a bright green colour. This coloration, however, simply depends upon the fact that the formation of the various pigments, white and black, in the chitin of the pupal integument is more or less inhibited by orange light. As a consequence, the colour perceived in pupæ so affected is that of the hæmolymph within, and hence the chrysalids appear green. Recently, in addition to confirming these earlier observations, Dürken (1923) and Brecher (1923) have bred from butterflies reared from the treated larvæ and pupæ. The larvæ descended from the orange glass cultures, even when pupating under ordinary light conditions, gave rise to a set of pupæ including many more green individuals than the control lots. Clearly, therefore, the acquired pupal green had been inherited. In view of current biological controversies, such an effect was of primary importance. Repetition and confirmation of the work were highly desirable, and the present work was therefore undertaken.

Driving you hairless

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Emsley
Keyword(s):  
Bunsen Burner ◽  
Green Colour ◽  
Thallium Poisoning ◽  
Burner Flame ◽  
Bright Green ◽  
Black Magic ◽  
Agatha Christie ◽  
The Many ◽  
Final Curtain ◽  
Hands And Feet

William Crookes named thallium after the bright green colour it produced when its salts were put into a Bunsen burner flame. He compared the colour to that of a fresh green shoot, so he based its name on the Greek word for this, which is thallos. Thallium’s deadly nature was not at first appreciated and it became part of the treatment for ringworm of the scalp, given in relatively large doses to children because it caused their hair to fall out, the better to treat the disease. Meanwhile others were using it to kill vermin, and always thallium brought tragedy in its wake. Agatha Christie built one of her murder mysteries around thallium poisoning. In 1952 she wrote The Pale Horse, in which the murderer used it to dispose of people’s unwanted relatives and disguised his activities as black magic curses. The plot involves a murdered priest and a pub owned by three modern-day witches. Christie described the symptoms of thallium poisoning very well: lethargy, tingling, numbness of the hands and feet, blackouts, slurred speech, insomnia, and general debility, and she is sometimes blamed for bringing this poison to the attention of would-be poisoners. However, her book was responsible for saving the life of one young girl as we shall see. In any case Christie was not the first mystery writer to employ this deadly agent. In Final Curtain, written in 1947, the novelist Ngaio Marsh had her villain using it. The murder to be investigated was the death of Sir Henry Ancred who had been poisoned with thallium acetate which had been prescribed in the treatment of his granddaughter’s ringworm. Marsh clearly had no knowledge of how thallium worked in that she imagined that those poisoned with it would drop dead in minutes. Would-be murderers seeking to emulate her villain would have been very puzzled when their intended victims appeared to suffer no ill effects, although this disappointment might only have lasted a few days, and then they would have been fascinated at the many symptoms it produced.

Visual Attraction as a Principle in Design of Mosquito Traps

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 118-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. O. Haufe
Keyword(s):  
Light Conditions ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Ordinary Light ◽  
Visual Attraction ◽  
Pattern Comparison ◽  
Night And Day

A principle of visual attraction has been used in the design of mosquito traps for ecological studies. Tests in the field have shown that the design is efficient in capturing large numbers of mosquitoes in locations where ordinary light traps were unsatisfactory. Positive 24-hour attraction is achieved under naturally varying light conditions by using a black and white pattern that is superior in contrast to competing patterns in the environment. The sampling unit, in terms of air space, depends on the distance between contours in the pattern. Comparison with a suction trap under identical conditions show no significant differences in the ratio of empirically divided day to night catches. In very dark environments, a relatively uniform contrast in the pattern may be maintained between night and day with white light confined to the cylinder by collimators. Illumination in the yellow-red end of the spectrum reduces attraction to the pattern.

scholarly journals Zumurrud (emerald): Medicinal Potential of a Gemstone from Jawaharat-i-tis ‘a(navratan), in the Perspective of Unani Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 08 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Mohd Afsahul Kalam ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Capacity ◽  
Medicinal Purpose ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Gold Mines ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Green Colour ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Bright Green ◽  
Complete Formation

Emeralds are transparent and coloured varieties of beryl mineral. It is categorised as a precious and valuable stone. It has a beautiful, intense, and radiant green colour. Emerald is one of the most expensive gemstones due to its bright green colour, durability, and rare availability. A fine and top quality emerald is more valuable than diamonds. Basically, it is found in gold mines and takes a long period of 21 years to reach its complete formation. Emerald has been used for medicinal purpose from ancient time. In Babylon (the oldest gem market), the fine quality emerald crystal gem was dedicated to the goddess Venus. In the case of emerald, it is believed that it represents immortality and faith. In the Unani system of medicine, it is used as a vital organ tonic, cicatrizant, diuretic, lithotriptic, antidote, eye tonic, blood purifier etc. It is used in cases of anuria and some psychic conditions like stress and anxiety. It stimulates the use of greater mental capacity and enhances memory. No pharmacological studies on emerald have been done yet, so this article has been compiled for its medicinal uses in the perspective of Unani medicine to provide a lead for pharmacological studies on this precious gemstone.

Interpretation of irradiation-induced changes in electron diffractograms and images of extinction contours at low temperatures

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 268-269
Author(s):  
E. Knapek ◽  
H. Formanek ◽  
G. Lefranc ◽  
I. Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Organic Crystals ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Lens System ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Thin Carbon ◽  
Electron Diffractograms ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Induced Changes

A few years ago results on cryoprotection of L-valine were reported, where the values of the critical fluence De i.e, the electron exposure which decreases the intensity of the diffraction reflections by a factor e, amounted to the order of 2000 + 1000 e/nm2. In the meantime a discrepancy arose, since several groups published De values between 100 e/nm2 and 1200 e/nm2 /1 - 4/. This disagreement and particularly the wide spread of the results induced us to investigate more thoroughly the behaviour of organic crystals at very low temperatures during electron irradiation.For this purpose large L-valine crystals with homogenuous thickness were deposited on holey carbon films, thin carbon films or Au-coated holey carbon films. These specimens were cooled down to nearly liquid helium temperature in an electron microscope with a superconducting lens system and irradiated with 200 keU-electrons. The progress of radiation damage under different preparation conditions has been observed with series of electron diffraction patterns and direct images of extinction contours.

Drug Induced Changes in Cell Organelles

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Luse
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Riboflavin Deficiency ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
New Era ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Cellular Pathology ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact

In the mid-nineteenth century Virchow revolutionized pathology by introduction of the concept of “cellular pathology”. Today, a century later, this term has increasing significance in health and disease. We now are in the beginning of a new era in pathology, one which might well be termed “organelle pathology” or “subcellular pathology”. The impact of lysosomal diseases on clinical medicine exemplifies this role of pathology of organelles in elucidation of disease today.Another aspect of cell organelles of prime importance is their pathologic alteration by drugs, toxins, hormones and malnutrition. The sensitivity of cell organelles to minute alterations in their environment offers an accurate evaluation of the site of action of drugs in the study of both function and toxicity. Examples of mitochondrial lesions include the effect of DDD on the adrenal cortex, riboflavin deficiency on liver cells, elevated blood ammonia on the neuron and some 8-aminoquinolines on myocardium.

Digital x-ray mapping of nanometer-size supported bimetallic catalysts

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 530-531
Author(s):  
L. T. Germinario
Keyword(s):  
Background Radiation ◽  
Metal Cluster ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Induced Changes

Understanding the role of metal cluster composition in determining catalytic selectivity and activity is of major interest in heterogeneous catalysis. The electron microscope is well established as a powerful tool for ultrastructural and compositional characterization of support and catalyst. Because the spatial resolution of x-ray microanalysis is defined by the smallest beam diameter into which the required number of electrons can be focused, the dedicated STEM with FEG is the instrument of choice. The main sources of errors in energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDS) are: (1) beam-induced changes in specimen composition, (2) specimen drift, (3) instrumental factors which produce background radiation, and (4) basic statistical limitations which result in the detection of a finite number of x-ray photons. Digital beam techniques have been described for supported single-element metal clusters with spatial resolutions of about 10 nm. However, the detection of spurious characteristic x-rays away from catalyst particles produced images requiring several image processing steps.

Immunogold localization of calmodulin in root caps of the maize Cultivar Merit

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 674-675
Author(s):  
P.T. Nguyen ◽  
C. Uphoff ◽  
C.L. Stinemetz
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Calcium Transport ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Immunogold Localization ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Electrical Currents ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
Maize Cultivar ◽  
Gravity Response ◽  
Induced Changes

Considerable evidence suggest that the calcium-binding protein calmodulin (CaM) may mediate calcium action and/or transport important in the gravity response of plants. Calmodulin is present in both shoots and roots and is capable of regulating calcium transport in plant vesicles. In roots calmodulin is concentrated in the tip, the gravisensing region of the root; and is reported to be closely associated with amyloplasts, organelles suggested to play a primary role in gravi-perception. Inhibitors of CaM such as chlorpromazine, calmidazolium, and compound 48/80 interfere with the gravitropic response of both snoots and roots. The magnitude of the inhibition corresponded well with the extent to which the drug binds to endogenous CaM. Compound 48/80 and calmidazolium block gravi-induced changes in electrical currents across root tips, a phenomenon thought to be associated with the sensing of the gravity stimulus.In this study, we have investigated the subcellular distribution of CaM in graviresponsive and non-graviresponsive root caps of the maize cultivar Merit.

Identifying groups of airborne particles by ordination

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 856-857
Author(s):  
M. Shlepr ◽  
C. M. Vicroy
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Spatial Representation ◽  
Airborne Particles ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Microelectronics Industry ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Source Materials

The microelectronics industry is heavily tasked with minimizing contaminates at all steps of the manufacturing process. Particles are generated by physical and/or chemical fragmentation from a mothersource. The tools and macrovolumes of chemicals used for processing, the environment surrounding the process, and the circuits themselves are all potential particle sources. A first step in eliminating these contaminants is to identify their source. Elemental analysis of the particles often proves useful toward this goal, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) is a commonly used technique. However, the large variety of source materials and process induced changes in the particles often make it difficult to discern if the particles are from a common source.Ordination is commonly used in ecology to understand community relationships. This technique usespair-wise measures of similarity. Separation of the data set is based on discrimination functions. Theend product is a spatial representation of the data with the distance between points equaling the degree of dissimilarity.

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