scholarly journals Note upon sodium antimonyl tartrate

1908 ◽  
Vol 80 (536) ◽  
pp. 11-12 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Antimony Trioxide ◽  
Sodium Tartrate ◽  
Ordinary Temperature ◽  
Calculated Quantity ◽  
Tartar Emetic

Sodium antimonyl tartrate was described in 1842 by Dumas and Prira, who gave it the constitution C 8 H 8 O 10 NaO,Sb 2 O 3 H 2 O, but did not state how they had prepared it Clarke and Evans obtained a compound of the composition 3Na 2 C 4 H 4 O 6 + 2Sb(OH) 3 + 3H 2 O, in 1883, by saturating tartaric acid with antimony trioxide and neutralising the solution with sodium carbonate. The first compound does not seem to have prepared again since 1842. Sodium antimonyl tartrate was prepared according to the methods usually given for preparing tartar emetic, by boiling a solution of acid sodium tartrate (13 grammes ) with a little more than the calculated quantity (10 grammes) of antimony trioxide until the latter had almost completely passed into solution. On filtering and concentrating the solution to a small volume no crystallisation occurred, but on adding a little alcohol the whole became solid. This was them dissolved in about twice its volume of hot water, and alcohol was added until precipitation commenced, when, on cooling, the sodium antimonyl tartrate crystallised out. This compound at the ordinary temperature dries very slowly and has a moist appearance, but when dried in vacuo over sulphuric acid it becomes anhydrous and loses 2½ molecules of water of crystallisation, resembling sodium tartrarsenite in this respect. The substance is very easily soluble in water and its solution reacts faintly acid to litmus.

Ptomaïnes extracted from Urine in certain Infectious Diseases

1893 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
A. B. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Ethereal Solution ◽  
Tartaric Acid Solution

The author has extracted ptomaïnes from the urine of patients suffering from certain infectious diseases by the following method :— (a) A considerable quantity of urine was made alkaline by the addition of a solution of sodium carbonate, and then agitated with half its volume of ether, (b) The ethereal solution (after standing) was filtered, and agitated with a solution of tartaric acid. The tartaric acid combines with any ptomaïnes present, forming soluble tartrates ; and the solution of tartrates forms the lower layer of the liquid mass, (c) The tartaric acid solution (after being separated from the ether) was also made alkaline by the addition of sodium carbonate, and was once more agitated with half its volume of ether. (d) The ethereal solution (after standing) was separated, and the ether allowed to evaporate spontaneously, (e) The residue (after drying over sulphuric acid) was treated with water, an excess of pure calcium hydroxide added, and the mixture evaporated on a water-bath. The residue so obtained was treated with chloroform and filtered. The filtrate (after evaporation) yielded the ptomaïne in an isolated and a crystalline condition.

The synthesis of Cyclododecane-r-1,c-5,c-9-triamine and r-1,c-5,c-9-Tris(2,3-dimethoxybenzamido)cyclododecane

1975 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 673 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Collins ◽  
C Lewis ◽  
JM Swan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Dimethyl Formamide ◽  
Lithium Aluminium Hydride ◽  
Lithium Aluminium ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Treatment of cyclododecane-r-1,c-5,c-9-triyl tris(p-toluenesulphonate) with sodium azide in dimethyl-formamide at 100� for 6 h gave the corresponding cis,cis-triazide which upon hydrogenation or reduction with lithium aluminium hydride gave cyclododecane-r-1,c-5,c-9-triamine, isolated as the tris-salicylidene derivative. Acid hydrolysis of this, removal of the salicylaldehyde, and treatment of the aqueous solution with sodium carbonate and 2,3-dimethoxybenzoyl chloride gave r-1,c-5,c- 9-tris(2,3-dimethoxybenzamido)cyclododecane. ��� Treatment of (E,E,E)-cyclododeca-1,5,9-triene with an excess of acetonitrile and sulphuric acid at room temperature for three days gave 18% of (E,E)-1-acetamidocyclododeca-4,8-diene; no di- or tri-amides were isolated.

Hot water seed treatment for Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth

1962 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
SG Gray
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Sowing Seed

Seed of Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth. germinates slowly, and irregularly unless treated before sowing to render the testa permeable to water. Treatment with sulphuric acid is effective but inconvenient to use. Experiments with hot water over a range of temperature and time are described. An effective treatment was to immerse the seed in water at 80�Cfor two minutes. After this treatment seed can be dried rapidly and stored before sowing. Seed treated in this way has retained full viability for 15 months.

Influence of Different Pre-sowing Treatments on Germination and Seedling Vigour of Guava (Psedium guajava L.) Seeds

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
Poomaruthai Masilamani ◽  
A. Nagaraja ◽  
M. Yadav ◽  
D. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Index Value ◽  
And Control ◽  
Paper Method

The study aimed at investigating the effect of pre-sowing treatments on the germination and seedling vigour of Guava (Var. Allahabad Safeda) seeds. The pre- sowing treatments were made up cold and hot water soaking, manual scarification with sand paper, electronic scarification, different concentration of sulphuric acid, H2O2, CaOCl2 along with control. The treated and control seeds were placed for germination in top of the paper method. Twenty five days after sowing the result revealed that seeds soaked with CaOCl2 2% for 12 hrs. registered highest germination of 41 per cent followed by seed treated with H2SO4 200ml/kg for 15 minutes (40%). The control seeds gave only 10 per cent germination. Vigour index values shows significant differences among the treatments. The highest vigour index values of 119 were recorded in the seeds treated with H2SO4 200ml/kg for 10 minutes. The lowest vigour index value of 16 was recorded in control treatment. The results showed that treating the seeds with CaOCl2 2% for 12 hrs (or) treated with H2SO4 200ml/kg for 10 (or) 15 minutes was the most effective pre-sowing treatment for the germination and seedling vigour of Guava seeds.

SEED TREATMENT METHODS AND DURATION EFFECTS ON GERMINATION OF WILD SUNFLOWER

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. AKINOLA ◽  
A. LARBI ◽  
G. O. FARINU ◽  
A. A. ODUNSI
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Hot Water Treatment ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Wild Sunflower ◽  
Oven Drying

The effects were evaluated of six methods and six durations of seed treatment on the germination of wild sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) seeds. The treatments were as follows: (1) hot water at 80 °C, (2) hot water at 100 °C, (3) oven-drying at 80 °C, (4) oven-drying at 100 °C, (5) immersion in concentrated sulphuric acid and (6) immersion in 10% hydrogen peroxide. The durations were 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min. Treatment with hot water at 80 or 100 °C for 11–14 min, and oven-drying at 100 °C for 20 min all resulted in more than 65% germination 10 d after treatment. Oven-drying at 80 °C, immersion in concentrated sulphuric acid and in 10% hydrogen peroxide resulted in less than 50% germination. Based on the higher cumulative germination, lower cost, and environmental concerns, hot water treatment at 80 or 100 °C for 11–15 min is recommended.

Purification Route of Pyrite from Coal Mining

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 155-158
Author(s):  
Camila Machado de Oliveira ◽  
Adilson Oliveira ◽  
Jeane Almeida do Rosário ◽  
Agenor de Noni Jr. ◽  
Michael Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
It Use ◽  
Purity Level

Pyrite, mineral largely found in nature, is considered a solid waste when is obtained from the coal mining. However, can be precursor of products like: sulphur, sulphuric acid, hematite, sulphur dioxide, fertilizers and iron sulfates. Several studies also point it property of semiconduction and it use in solar cells. Increase it purity level is important for transforming it in products with more aggregate value. Thus, the present work suggests a purification route for the reduction in soluble salts in water, organics and quartz associated with pyrite from the coal mining beneficiation. The used methods were solubilization in hot water and in organic solvent (dichloromethane). Were applied XRD, FTIR, total sulphur determination, and gas helium picnometry. Comparing the results obtained for the “in nature” pyrite with the purified one, proved the efficiency of the proposed method.

Combined liquid hot water with sodium carbonate-oxygen pretreatment to improve enzymatic saccharification of reed

2020 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 122498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Xia ◽  
Jingwei Gong ◽  
Jie Lu ◽  
Yi Cheng ◽  
Shangru Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Liquid Hot Water

THE INFLUENCE OF TARTARIC ACID ADDITIONS ON THE ANODIZING BEHAVIOUR OF AA2024-T3 ALLOY IN SULPHURIC ACID

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 461-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Marzocchi, ◽  
L. Iglesias-Rubianes, ◽  
G.E. Thompson, ◽  
F. Bellucci,
Keyword(s):  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Sulphuric Acid
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