scholarly journals A restatement of the natural science evidence concerning catchment-based ‘natural’ flood management in the UK

2017 ◽  
Vol 473 (2199) ◽  
pp. 20160706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon J. Dadson ◽  
Jim W. Hall ◽  
Anna Murgatroyd ◽  
Mike Acreman ◽  
Paul Bates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Evidence Summary ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Science Evidence

Flooding is a very costly natural hazard in the UK and is expected to increase further under future climate change scenarios. Flood defences are commonly deployed to protect communities and property from flooding, but in recent years flood management policy has looked towards solutions that seek to mitigate flood risk at flood-prone sites through targeted interventions throughout the catchment, sometimes using techniques which involve working with natural processes. This paper describes a project to provide a succinct summary of the natural science evidence base concerning the effectiveness of catchment-based ‘natural’ flood management in the UK. The evidence summary is designed to be read by an informed but not technically specialist audience. Each evidence statement is placed into one of four categories describing the nature of the underlying information. The evidence summary forms the appendix to this paper and an annotated bibliography is provided in the electronic supplementary material.

scholarly journals A restatement of the natural science evidence base concerning neonicotinoid insecticides and insect pollinators

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1786) ◽  
pp. 20140558 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Charles J. Godfray ◽  
Tjeerd Blacquière ◽  
Linda M. Field ◽  
Rosemary S. Hails ◽  
Gillian Petrokofsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Electronic Supplementary Material ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticides ◽  
Evidence Summary ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Science Evidence

There is evidence that in Europe and North America many species of pollinators are in decline, both in abundance and distribution. Although there is a long list of potential causes of this decline, there is concern that neonicotinoid insecticides, in particular through their use as seed treatments are, at least in part, responsible. This paper describes a project that set out to summarize the natural science evidence base relevant to neonicotinoid insecticides and insect pollinators in as policy-neutral terms as possible. A series of evidence statements are listed and categorized according to the nature of the underlying information. The evidence summary forms the appendix to this paper and an annotated bibliography is provided in the electronic supplementary material.

scholarly journals A restatement of the natural science evidence base relevant to the control of bovine tuberculosis in Great Britain †

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1768) ◽  
pp. 20131634 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Charles J. Godfray ◽  
Christl A. Donnelly ◽  
Rowland R. Kao ◽  
David W. Macdonald ◽  
Robbie A. McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Meles Meles ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Evidence Summary ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Science Evidence ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Wildlife Reservoir

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a very important disease of cattle in Great Britain, where it has been increasing in incidence and geographical distribution. In addition to cattle, it infects other species of domestic and wild animals, in particular the European badger ( Meles meles ). Policy to control bTB is vigorously debated and contentious because of its implications for the livestock industry and because some policy options involve culling badgers, the most important wildlife reservoir. This paper describes a project to provide a succinct summary of the natural science evidence base relevant to the control of bTB, couched in terms that are as policy-neutral as possible. Each evidence statement is placed into one of four categories describing the nature of the underlying information. The evidence summary forms the appendix to this paper and an annotated bibliography is provided in the electronic supplementary material.

Emerging climate changes and the risks to the operation of building assets in the UK

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Alzahrani ◽  
Halim Boussabaine ◽  
Ali Nasser Alzaed
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Climate Change Risks ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report results from a survey on emerging climate changes and the risks to the operation of building assets in the UK. The property sector is facing major challenges as a result of projected climate change scenarios. Predictions concerning future climate change and the subsequent impact on building operations are still subject to a high degree of uncertainty. However, it is important that building stockholders consider a range of possible future risks that may influence the operation of their assets. Design/methodology/approach – The literature review and questionnaire are used to elicit and assess the likelihood of occurrence of climate change risks impacting building operations. The survey was carried out among building stockowners and professionals in the UK. Statistical methods were used to rank and compare the findings. Findings – The majority of the respondents strongly agreed that the list of risks that were elicited from the literature will have an impact on their building assets within a 0-5 years’ time horizon. It was found that the professionals were most concerned about higher energy prices and an increase in operation costs in general; they were least concerned about an electricity blackout. Research limitations/implications – This paper is limited to the UK, and regional variations are not explored. Nevertheless, the buildings’ operation risk study provides a starting point for further investigations into the emerging risks from climate change, and their impact on the operation of building stock. Future work could investigate direct mapping between climate risks and the financial value of properties. Originality/value – Findings of this paper can help professionals and building stockowners improve their understanding of climate change risks and the impact on their assets. This paper could also help these individuals to formulate appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals The evolution of climate change guidance for fluvial flood risk management in England

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas S Reynard ◽  
Alison L Kay ◽  
Molly Anderson ◽  
Bill Donovan ◽  
Caroline Duckworth
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Flood Risk Management ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Floods are one of the biggest natural hazards to society, and there is increasing concern about the potential impacts of climate change on flood occurrence and magnitude. Furthermore, flood risk is likely to increase in the future not just through increased flood occurrence, but also through socio-economic changes, such as increasing population. The extent to which adaptation measures can offset this increased risk will depend on the level of future climate change, but there exists an urgent need for information on the potential impacts of climate change on floods, so that these can be accounted for by flood management authorities and local planners aiming to reduce flood risk. Agencies across the UK have been pro-active in providing such guidance for many years and in refining it as the science of climate change and hydrological impacts has developed. The history of this guidance for fluvial flood risk in England is presented and discussed here, including the recent adoption of a regional risk-based approach. Such an approach could be developed and applied to flood risk management in other countries, and to other sectors affected by climate change.

scholarly journals A restatement of the natural science evidence base concerning the health effects of low-level ionizing radiation

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1862) ◽  
pp. 20171070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela R. McLean ◽  
Ella K. Adlen ◽  
Elisabeth Cardis ◽  
Alex Elliott ◽  
Dudley T. Goodhead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Legal Limits ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Science Evidence

Exposure to ionizing radiation is ubiquitous, and it is well established that moderate and high doses cause ill-health and can be lethal. The health effects of low doses or low dose-rates of ionizing radiation are not so clear. This paper describes a project which sets out to summarize, as a restatement, the natural science evidence base concerning the human health effects of exposure to low-level ionizing radiation. A novel feature, compared to other reviews, is that a series of statements are listed and categorized according to the nature and strength of the evidence that underpins them. The purpose of this restatement is to provide a concise entrée into this vibrant field, pointing the interested reader deeper into the literature when more detail is needed. It is not our purpose to reach conclusions on whether the legal limits on radiation exposures are too high, too low or just right. Our aim is to provide an introduction so that non-specialist individuals in this area (be they policy-makers, disputers of policy, health professionals or students) have a straightforward place to start. The summary restatement of the evidence and an extensively annotated bibliography are provided as appendices in the electronic supplementary material.

scholarly journals A restatement of recent advances in the natural science evidence base concerning neonicotinoid insecticides and insect pollinators

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1818) ◽  
pp. 20151821 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Charles J. Godfray ◽  
Tjeerd Blacquière ◽  
Linda M. Field ◽  
Rosemary S. Hails ◽  
Simon G. Potts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticides ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Policy Relevance ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Science Evidence

A summary is provided of recent advances in the natural science evidence base concerning the effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on insect pollinators in a format (a ‘restatement') intended to be accessible to informed but not expert policymakers and stakeholders. Important new studies have been published since our recent review of this field (Godfray et al. 2014 Proc. R. Soc. B 281, 20140558. ( doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.0558 )) and the subject continues to be an area of very active research and high policy relevance.

scholarly journals A restatement of the natural science evidence base on the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on wildlife

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1897) ◽  
pp. 20182416 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Charles J. Godfray ◽  
Andrea E. A. Stephens ◽  
Paul D. Jepson ◽  
Susan Jobling ◽  
Andrew C. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
Science Evidence

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are substances that alter the function of the endocrine system and consequently cause adverse effects to humans or wildlife. The release of particular EDCs into the environment has been shown to negatively affect certain wildlife populations and has led to restrictions on the use of some EDCs. Current chemical regulations aim to balance the industrial, agricultural and/or pharmaceutical benefits of using these substances with their demonstrated or potential harm to human health or the environment. A summary is provided of the natural science evidence base informing the regulation of chemicals released into the environment that may have endocrine disrupting effects on wildlife. This summary is in a format (a ‘restatement’) intended to be policy-neutral and accessible to informed, but not expert, policy-makers and stakeholders.

scholarly journals Achieving Urban Flood Resilience in an Uncertain Future

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Fenner ◽  
Emily O’Donnell ◽  
Sangaralingam Ahilan ◽  
David Dawson ◽  
Leon Kapetas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
The Uk

Preliminary results of the UK Urban Flood Resilience research consortium are presented and discussed, with the work being conducted against a background of future uncertainties with respect to changing climate and increasing urbanization. Adopting a whole systems approach, key themes include developing adaptive approaches for flexible engineering design of coupled grey and blue-green flood management assets; exploiting the resource potential of urban stormwater through rainwater harvesting, urban metabolism modelling and interoperability; and investigating the interactions between planners, developers, engineers and communities at multiple scales in managing flood risk. The work is producing new modelling tools and an extensive evidence base to support the case for multifunctional infrastructure that delivers multiple, environmental, societal and economic benefits, while enhancing urban flood resilience by bringing stormwater management and green infrastructure together.

scholarly journals Mainstreaming natural flood management: A proposed research framework derived from a critical evaluation of current knowledge

2021 ◽  
pp. 030913332199729
Author(s):  
Nicola Ellis ◽  
Karen Anderson ◽  
Richard Brazier
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Management Method ◽  
The Uk

Natural flood management (NFM), or working with natural processes, is a growing flood risk management method in the UK, Europe and worldwide. However, unlike the current dominant technical flood management, it lacks an established evidence base of flood risk parameters. This lack of evidence base can limit the uptake of NFM as a flood management method. This paper critically evaluates examples of NFM and wider relevant literature in order to identify NFM knowledge gaps and suggest how to overcome these. The UK is used as a microcosm of different environments for diverse examples. The sections include: land cover, land management, landscape interactions and trade-offs, evaluating the wider benefits of NFM and, finally, scaling from plot to catchment. This concludes in a suggested framework for a new approach to NFM research, which encompasses spatial scales, interactions and trade-offs of NFM and consistency of reporting results. Widening the NFM empirical evidence base should be seen as an opportunity for a new approach to flood research through exploring new habitats and new flood resilience methods.

Best practice for chronic oedema in community settings: what can we learn?

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 610-614
Author(s):  
Garry Cooper-Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Guidance Document ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Tissue Viability ◽  
Delivery Of Care ◽  
Specialist Nurses ◽  
The Uk

There are various opportunities and challenges in the delivery of care to those diagnosed with chronic oedema/lymphoedema. Service provision is not consistent within the UK, and non-specialist nurses and other health professionals may be called on to fill the gaps in this area. The latest best practice guidance on chronic oedema is directed at community services that care for people within their own homes in primary care. This guide was developed in order to increase awareness, knowledge and access to an evidence base. Those involved in its creation cross specialist fields (lymphoedema and tissue viability), resulting in the document covering a number of areas, including an explanation of chronic oedema, its assessment and management and the association between chronic oedema and wet legs. The document complements existing frameworks on the condition and its management and also increases the available tools within chronic oedema management in the community. The present article provides an overview of the guidance document and discusses its salient features.

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