scholarly journals Art and science in the design of physically large and complex systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 468 (2139) ◽  
pp. 891-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Crucial Aspect ◽  
Art And Science ◽  
Physical Size ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
High Level ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Practice Of Science

Designs of physically large and complex (PL&C) systems, nowadays, are achieved through the use of evermore capable digital computer-based techniques. Thus, the process of such designs might be characterized as the practice of science rather than that of an art. The article commences with a consideration of art and science in design. It then addresses the particular nature of the design of such systems and how this is not just an issue of complexity, but also a consequence of large physical size. How computer-aided design is applied early in the designing of such systems, the crucial aspect of the choice of style by the initial designer and the advent of computer-based simulation techniques, applied early in design, are all considered pertinent to the role of art and science in design. A series of high-level fundamental issues are discussed in the belief that they are changing the nature of the design of PL&C systems and ought to be considered by practitioners of such designs. In this way, the power of computer-based techniques, both numerical and graphical, can then enhance the scope of design innovation, given designers' increasing dependency on digitally based practice.

Computer Aided Design of the Thermal Environment

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 512-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Human Response ◽  
Thermal Environments ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Aided Design

The use in design, of knowledge and understanding of human thermal comfort, heat stress and cold stress, is often complex and time consuming. A computer based system (IBM-PC) was developed to allow human factors practitioners to assess and manipulate knowledge, data and simulations of human response to thermal environments, thus allowing computer aided design. A description of the system, its design and development and examples of its use are provided. The role of such systems in design and assessment should be considered by human factors practitioners.

scholarly journals Kinematic Modeling and Simulation of Human Arm Reach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Zafari
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Kinematic Modeling ◽  
Repetitive Tasks ◽  
Human Arm ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Workspace Design ◽  
Significant Attention

Modeling the human arm and calculation of the human arm reach are important for designing workspaces. An appropriate workspace design would reduce musculoskeletal disorders and wrist injuries in repetitive tasks. Among different human arm workspace designs and reach calculations, computer-based methods have recently attracted significant attention. This is because conventional experimental methods do not provide sufficient flexibility for interactive design modifications and integration of different aspects for workspace design. Despite advances in computer-aided design, many computer-based methods still rely on mock-ups and experimental set-ups. In this work, a computer-aided method is investigated for predicting the human arm reach. The kinematic modeling convention of Denavit-Hertenberg is adopted for formulating the reach. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. The methodology enables visualization of the reach volume of the human arm and could be easily adjusted for different human operators.

scholarly journals Kinematic Modeling and Simulation of Human Arm Reach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Zafari
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Kinematic Modeling ◽  
Repetitive Tasks ◽  
Human Arm ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Workspace Design ◽  
Significant Attention

Modeling the human arm and calculation of the human arm reach are important for designing workspaces. An appropriate workspace design would reduce musculoskeletal disorders and wrist injuries in repetitive tasks. Among different human arm workspace designs and reach calculations, computer-based methods have recently attracted significant attention. This is because conventional experimental methods do not provide sufficient flexibility for interactive design modifications and integration of different aspects for workspace design. Despite advances in computer-aided design, many computer-based methods still rely on mock-ups and experimental set-ups. In this work, a computer-aided method is investigated for predicting the human arm reach. The kinematic modeling convention of Denavit-Hertenberg is adopted for formulating the reach. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. The methodology enables visualization of the reach volume of the human arm and could be easily adjusted for different human operators.

Computer-Aided Laboratory Work to “Mechanism and Machine Science” Course

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina V. Kuzlyakina ◽  
Marina V. Nagaeva
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Laboratory Work ◽  
State University ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Structure Editor ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Visual Structure ◽  
Aided Design

Laboratory work is an important element in engineering training, which should correspond to up-to-date tendencies in computer-based technologies in design, production, maintenance and preserving mechanisms. Computer-based laboratory work consists of 16 assignments. Seven assignments are carried out on laboratory stands, the remainder are provided on PC, using programs like “Visual Structure Editor”, “DYNAMO”, “APM Win Machine”. The system Visual Structure Editor (VSE) is designed by specialists of “Machine Mechanics and Computer-Aided Design” department, of the Maritime State University named after adm.G.I.NEVELSKOY, Vladivostok, under the direction of prof. Valentina V. Kuzlyakina. The system APM (Automated Projecting of Mechanism) is designed by the research-and-production centre “APM” under the direction of prof.V.Shelofast, from the city of Korolyov, Moscow area. These systems are multifunctional. They allow project different mechanical systems at the stage of structural and parametrical synthesis, carry out strength calculations and design elements of machines and mechanisms. They are good in operation. Teachers and students easily master the systems. Laboratory works with computer support allow students to pass from a concrete object to modeling on a PC, and to solve complex engineering tasks during the education process.

Digital Technologies in Architecture and Engineering

2018 ◽  
pp. 618-653
Author(s):  
Sara Eloy ◽  
Miguel Sales Dias ◽  
Pedro Faria Lopes ◽  
Elisângela Vilar
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Shape Grammar ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Science Curricula ◽  
Aided Design

This chapter focuses on the development and adoption of new Multimedia, Computer Aided Design, and other ICT technologies for both Architecture and Computer Science curricula and highlights the multidisciplinary work that can be accomplished when these two areas work together. The authors describe in detail the addressed educational skills and the related developed research and highlight the contributions towards the improvements of teaching and learning in those areas. This chapter discusses the role of digital technologies, such as Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Multimedia, 3D Modelling software systems, Design Processes and its evaluation tools, such as Shape Grammar and Space Syntax, within the Architecture curricula.

Computer aided design of organic superbases: the role of intramolecular hydrogen bonding

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1329-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borislav Kovačević ◽  
Zvonimir B. Maksić ◽  
Robert Vianello ◽  
Miljenko Primorac
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Intramolecular Hydrogen ◽  
Aided Design

A Dual Environment for 3D Modeling With User-Defined Free Form Features

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Langerak ◽  
Joris S. M. Vergeest
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Shape Representation ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Dynamic Feature ◽  
Cad Models ◽  
Form Features ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Aided Design

Modeling with free form features has become the standard in Computer-Aided Design (CAD). With the increasing complexity of free form CAD models, features offer a high-level approach to modeling shapes. However, in most commercial modeling packages, only a static set of free form features is available. Researchers have tried to solve this problem by coming up with methods for user-driven free form feature definition, but failed to connect their methods to a means to instantiate these user-driven free form features on a target surface. Reversely, researchers have proposed tools for modeling with free form features, but these methods are time-intensive in that they are as of yet unsuitable for pre-defined features. This paper presents a new method for user-driven feature definition, as well as a method to instantiate these user-defined features on a target surface. We propose the concept of a dual environment, in which the definition of a feature is maintained simultaneously with its instance on a target surface, allowing the user to modify the definition of an already instantiated feature. This dual environment enables dynamic feature modeling, in which the user is able to change the definition of instantiated features on-the-fly. Furthermore, the proposed instantiation method is independent from the type of shape representation of the target surface and thereby increases the applicability of the method. The paper includes an extensive application example and discusses the results and shortcomings of the proposed methods.

scholarly journals Demonstration of Fin-Tunnel Field-Effect Transistor with Elevated Drain

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jang Hyun Kim ◽  
Hyun Woo Kim ◽  
Garam Kim ◽  
Sangwan Kim ◽  
Byung-Gook Park
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Field Effect Transistor ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Effect Transistor ◽  
Tunnel Field Effect Transistor ◽  
Tcad Simulation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Aided Design

In this paper, a novel tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) has been demonstrated. The proposed TFET features a SiGe channel, a fin structure and an elevated drain to improve its electrical performance. As a result, it shows high-level ON-state current (ION) and low-level OFF-state current (IOFF); ambipolar current (IAMB). In detail, its ION is enhanced by 24 times more than that of Si control group and by 6 times more than of SiGe control group. The IAMB can be reduced by up to 900 times compared with the SiGe control group. In addition, technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation is performed to optimize electrical performance. Then, the benchmarking of ON/OFF current is also discussed with other research group’s results.

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