scholarly journals Estimating the drivers of urban economic complexity and their connection to economic performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 210670
Author(s):  
Andres Gomez-Lievano ◽  
Oscar Patterson-Lomba
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Probability Function ◽  
Know How ◽  
Economic Complexity ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Urban Scaling ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Activity

Estimating the capabilities, or inputs of production, that drive and constrain the economic development of urban areas has remained a challenging goal. We posit that capabilities are instantiated in the complexity and sophistication of urban activities, the know-how of individual workers, and the city-wide collective know-how. We derive a model that indicates how the value of these three quantities can be inferred from the probability that an individual in a city is employed in a given urban activity. We illustrate how to estimate empirically these variables using data on employment across industries and metropolitan statistical areas in the USA. We then show how the functional form of the probability function derived from our theory is statistically superior when compared with competing alternative models, and that it explains well-known results in the urban scaling and economic complexity literature. Finally, we show how the quantities are associated with metrics of economic performance, suggesting our theory can provide testable implications for why some cities are more prosperous than others.

scholarly journals COMPORTAMENTO DA COLUNA TOTAL DE DIÓXIDO DE ENXOFRE NA CAMADA LIMITE DA REGIÃO DA CIDADE DE SANTIAGO NO CHILE UTILIZANDO O SENSOR OMI

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Mateus Dias Nunes ◽  
Éricka Voss Chagas Mariano ◽  
Glauber Lopes Mariano
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The City ◽  
Total Column

Air pollution is a major environmental problem of today's world. The sulfur dioxide gas (SO2), a pollutant studied both in remote areas as in urban areas, and can be emitted into the atmosphere through natural sources and also by human activities, and its study of great relevance for monitoring problems caused to health of the population, agriculture and economic problems mainly to the population centers of large and medium size. The objective of this study was to determine the variability of the total column of sulfur dioxide into the region of the city of Santiago in Chile using data from the sensor OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) which operates within the range of UV / VIS for the period 2005-2012. Using the daily maximum values of total SO2 column, it was determined the annual and seasonal variability of the total column of sulfur dioxide into the region of Santiago in Chile. The Moving Average for 30 days (MM30) was not a particular seasonality for the period 2005-2012. It was observed increasing values of trend line in the dispersion of the data of the Santiago region.

scholarly journals Social Activity in Gothenburg’s Intermediate City: Mapping Third Places through Social Media Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 985-1017
Author(s):  
Marco Adelfio ◽  
Leticia Serrano-Estrada ◽  
Pablo Martí-Ciriquián ◽  
Jaan-Henrik Kain ◽  
Jenny Stenberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Third Places ◽  
Social Media Data ◽  
The City ◽  
Media Data ◽  
Urban Activity ◽  
Activity Areas

Abstract This research focuses on the intermediate city, composed of urban areas located right outside the city center typically maintaining an in-between urban/suburban character. It aims to explore the degree to which this segment of the city exhibits urban activity and social life through the identification of activity areas in the so-called Third Places. Four intermediate city neighborhoods in Gothenburg, Sweden are adopted as case areas and are analyzed using a twofold approach. First, socio-economic statistics provide a quantitative understanding of the case areas and, second, geolocated Social Media Data (SMD) from Foursquare, Google Places and Twitter makes it possible to identify the intermediate city’s urban activity areas and socially preferred urban spaces. The findings suggest that a) the four analyzed intermediate city areas of Gothenburg all have a degree of social activity, especially where economic activities are clustered together; b) Third Places in more affluent areas tend to be linked to commodified consumption of urban space while neighborhoods with lower income levels and higher ethnic diversity seem to emphasize open public space as Third Places; and c) nowadays the typology of Third Places has evolved from the types identified in previous decades to include additional types of places, such as those you pass on the way to something else (e.g. gas and bus stations). The study has verified the value of SMD for studies of urban social life but also identified a number of topics for further research. Additional sources of SMD should be identified to secure a just representation of Third Places across diverse social groups. Furthermore, new methods for effective cross validation of SMD with other types of data are crucial, including e.g. statistics, on-site observations and surveys/interviews, not least to identify Third Places that are not frequently present (or are misrepresented) in SMD.

Artere urbane: tre diversi esperimenti nelle cittŕ americane

STORIA URBANA ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 69-92
Author(s):  
Joseph F.C. DiMento
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The City

- This essay examines the decision-making process that led to the building of the freeways and highways that cross metropolitan areas in the USA, focusing on the cases of Syracuse, New York; Memphis, Tennessee; and Los Angeles, California. There are many decisions concerning transportation that affect urban areas, but the most import of them have to do with state highways and interstates. This essay focuses on the phases and the events that led to the cities' decisions on the highways that cross urban centers. These decisions were laden with serious consequences on the formation, growth, and decline of various models of urban development. The sources of information consist mainly of interviews and investigations, archival records and statistics. The cases examined lead us to believe that the fate of cities in this area mostly depen- ded on powers beyond their control tied in with transportation. In any case, the decisions in each case are not analogous to those of other cases. The outcomes in each city depended on phenomena that interact with each other and depend on particular moments in history and on changeable factors, such as the chance to obtain federal and state funding, the set up of the environmental laws, and the specific philosophies of governmental administrations on fiscal questions and on how to maintain the city centers vital.

Street Networks and Crime

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby Davies ◽  
Kate J. Bowers
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Criminological Theory ◽  
Network Centrality ◽  
Movement Activity ◽  
Street Networks ◽  
Using Data ◽  
City Of London ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Street networks are the primary structures around which urban areas are arranged. Perhaps more significantly, though, the network acts as a substrate for movement, and defines the paths that can be taken between locations. It therefore determines, among other things, how far places are from each other, and the extent to which different features will be used in the course of movement activity. In this way, street networks play a key role in shaping interactions between people and the environment. Using data from the city of London, UK, this chapter examines the relationship between the occurrence of common assault and network centrality. The question of whether a relationship with network structure is also observed in this case has a number of potential implications from the perspectives of both policing and urban planning, while also representing a further test of criminological theory.

Compact cities and economic productivity in Mexico

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 2080-2097
Author(s):  
Paavo Monkkonen ◽  
Jorge Montejano ◽  
Erick Guerra ◽  
Camilo Caudillo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Agglomeration Economies ◽  
Urban Spatial Structure ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Policy Agendas

This paper examines the contingent nature of agglomeration economies. Existing empirical evidence that compact cities are more productive is mostly from countries and regions with highly productive service sectors, such as the USA or Europe. We hypothesise that this relationship will differ in countries where land-intensive manufacturing activities are more productive than services. In this paper, we test this hypothesis using data from the 100 largest cities in Mexico in 1990, 2000 and 2010. Under a number of specifications, we find that the most common measures of urban compactness are, in fact, negatively associated with economic productivity. This holds even when instrumenting urban spatial structure with the underlying geology of urban areas. The findings suggest a need for greater attention to national economic structure in the study of agglomeration economies, and that policy agendas focused on compact urbanisation take account of the needs of the manufacturing sector.

scholarly journals TRANSPORT ORGANIZATION OF AREAS OF URBAN ACTIVITY IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE SAMARA CITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Anna V. ZHOGOLEVA ◽  
Anastasia N. NIKOLAEVA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Transport Organization ◽  
Planning Framework ◽  
Urban Territories ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Activity

The article examines the features of transport services for urban areas of Samara in relation to the planning framework of the city. The formation of a system of urban centers and areas of urban activity is considered based on the principle of transport security of urban territories and centers. The article examines the quality of the transport and pedestrian framework of the city of Samara, the parameters of streets of citywide and district signifi cance.

scholarly journals TASKS OF URBAN PLANNING TRANSFORMATIONS OF FUNCTIONAL ZONES

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Aram A. Arshakyan ◽  
◽  
Zarui G. Mamyan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Residential Units ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The City

The article touches upon the issues of urban planning transformations, which is due to economic realities and the state of the spaceplanning frame of the city. The territorial growth of cities in the 60s of the last century led to the creation of suburban areas, most of them are monofunctional residential areas with “moderate” urban centers and typical green areas. However, modern society requires the creation of new territories with multilayered public and business zones, residential units, educational institutions, needs to form an understandable and acceptable environment for all social and age groups. Reconstruction of territories is currently carried out mainly according to individual projects developed on the basis of plans for the development of urban areas in general and in strict accordance with zoning plans. How to organize this process for the city painlessly, what functions are needed to be foreseen and how to determine all pros and cons of the planned changes – the issues that city authorities, urban planners and developers face today everywhere, including all over the post-Soviet space and the Republic of Armenia in particular. For reveal the topic of transformation of functional zones, the article gives the examples of the urban planning experience of the USA, Germany and France.

scholarly journals A Nonlinear Land Use Regression Approach for Modelling NO2 Concentrations in Urban Areas—Using Data from Low-Cost Sensors and Diffusion Tubes

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 736
Author(s):  
Said Munir ◽  
Martin Mayfield ◽  
Daniel Coca ◽  
Lyudmila S Mihaylova
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Land Use Regression ◽  
Diffusion Tubes ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The City ◽  
And Diffusion

Land Use Regression (LUR) based on multiple linear regression model is one of the techniques used most frequently for modelling the spatial variability of air pollution and assessing exposure in urban areas. In this paper, a nonlinear generalised additive model is proposed for LUR and its performance is compared to a linear model in Sheffield, UK for the year 2019. Pollution models were estimated using NO2 measurements obtained from 188 diffusion tubes and 40 low-cost sensors. Performance of the models was assessed by calculating several statistical metrics including correlation coefficient (R) and root mean square error (RMSE). High resolution (100 m × 100 m) maps demonstrated higher levels of NO2 in the city centre, eastern side of the city and on major roads. The results showed that the nonlinear model outperformed the linear counterpart and that the model estimated using NO2 data from diffusion tubes outperformed the models using data from low-cost sensors or both low-cost sensors and diffusion tubes. The proposed method provides a basis for further application of advanced nonlinear modelling approaches to constructing LUR models in urban areas which enable quantifying small scale variability in pollution levels.

scholarly journals Keberadaan Fasilitas Taman Hijau Kota Purwodadi dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Kenyamanan Pengunjung

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Suharyani Suharyani ◽  
Febri Arsetyo Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
City Community ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The City ◽  
Family Recreation

Open spaces located in urban areas have functioned as spaces for citizen interaction for a variety of useful functions and interests. The existence of existing city parks can be utilized by citizens of the city to the fullest. This has become one of the alternatives that can be utilized by the city community for more comfortable interactions. Judging from the function of researchers interested in conducting research by formulating the problem namely how the completeness of facilities and comfort in Green Garden Purwodadi City and how comfort is felt when using the facilities available. Green Open Space Arrangement (RTH) is still being promoted by the regency government due to the lack of open green space in Grobogan Regency. So far there have only been 12.8% of public green open space, while at least it requires 20% of green open space from urban areas. Therefore, Purwodadi Green Park was chosen as the object of research. Purwodadi Green Park is a new vehicle for free and fun family recreation in downtown Purwodadi, Grobogan Regency. This study aims to find out how the criteria of a comfortable city park to interact for urban communities. Then to find out the level of comfort, can be known by using data collection methods of observation and open questionnaires. The result of study is that Purwodadi Green Park not in accordance with established standards. The incomplete facilities have resulted in visitors inconvenience caused by the lack of trees in the green park, so that during the day visitors feel the heat due to direct exposure to sunlight.

scholarly journals Natural flood protection streamlining the planning of flood detention in natural landscapes for the reduction of urban flooding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kvitsjøen ◽  
B. C. Braskerud ◽  
A. Borge ◽  
V. Nilsen ◽  
U. Zühlke
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The City ◽  
Detention Facilities ◽  
The Eu

Abstract A number of cost-effective and environmentally friendly flood reduction measures can provide detention of runoff from natural landscapes upstream of urban areas, with multiple added benefits. This study presents a methodology for assessing the needs for and feasibility of natural flood detention facilities. The candidate catchments for natural flood detention facilities were identified by GIS analysis and further assessed using data from maps and field inspections. Results for two case catchments show that a suitable topography and nature and biodiversity are key feasibility criteria for natural flood detention facilities. The study concluded that it is possible to streamline the process of selecting the location and type of natural flood detentions facilities. Map analyses, field inspections and interdisciplinary collaboration are all important when planning natural flood detention facilities. As a result of the study, the City of Oslo will construct several natural flood detention facilities upstream of the city to gain practical experience with such facilities. While it is not expected that natural flood detention will solve all flooding problems in urban areas, it is expected that natural flood detention can positively contribute to future resilient stormwater management and the implementation of the EU Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Change.

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