scholarly journals Effects of salinity on the simultaneous anammox and denitrification process: performance, sludge morphology and shifts in microbial communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaozhao Wang ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
Ying Ji ◽  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Xinjuan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Salinity Shock ◽  
And Shifts

In this study, the long-term effects of different salinities on the performance, sludge morphology and shifts in microbial communities were studied in a simultaneous anammox and denitrification (SAD) process at a C/N ratio of 0.5. Stable nitrogen removal efficiencies of 86.96 and 84.58% and nitrogen removal rates of 0.95 and 0.93 kg (m 3 d) −1 could be achieved under low (25 mmol l −1 ) and moderate (50 mmol l −1 ) salinity, respectively. However, the performance collapsed when the system was exposed to high salinity (100 mmol l −1 ). The content of extracellular polymeric substances increased as salinity increased, which resulted in larger sizes of granular sludge under low and moderate salinities. Nevertheless, high salinity shock disintegrated granular sludge, thereby decreasing the average granule size. The Illumina-Miseq sequencing results revealed that Candidatus Jettenia was the sole salinity-tolerant AnAOB genus during the entire operation, whereas the main denitrification bacterial genera shifted from Denitrisoma under low salinity to Denitrisoma , Thauera and Ignavibacterium under high salinity. The results of this study provide a comprehensive and practical evaluation of the SAD process for organic nitrogen-rich saline wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of Increased Influent COD on Relieving the Toxicity of CeO2 NPs on Aerobic Granular Sludge

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Zheng ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Weihong Wang ◽  
Hang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects

Due to the increased use of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs), their potential environmental risks have caused concern. However, their effects on the aerobic granular sludge (AGS) process and the later recovery of AGS are still unclear. In this study, we comprehensively determined the changes in pollutant removal and the levels of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in AGS that were exposed to CeO2 NP treatments (0 (the control, R0), 1 (R1), and 5 (R5) mg/L), following an increase in the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD). An increase in the CeO2 NP concentration enhanced their inhibitory effect on the removal of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), and promoted the production of polysaccharides (PS) and proteins (PN) in loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) or tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), as well as the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) components in EPS, but had no long-term effects on the removal of organic matter. When the addition of CeO2 NPs was stopped and the concentration of influent COD increased, the TN and TP removal efficiencies in R1 and R5 slowly increased and recovered. In R1, they were only 4.55 ± 0.55% and 2.71 ± 0.58% lower than in R0, respectively, while the corresponding values for R5 were 5.06 ± 0.46% and 6.20 ± 0.63%. Despite the LB-EPS and TB-EPS concentrations in the R1 and R5 treatments recovering and being similar to the levels in the control when no CeO2 NPs were added, they were still slightly higher than in the R0, which indicating that the negative effects of CeO2 NPs could not be completely eliminated due to the residual CeO2 NP levels in AGS.

PSIX-28 Parity and lactation stage affect the sow milk microbiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 498-499
Author(s):  
Madison T Henniger ◽  
Lea A Rempel ◽  
William T Oliver ◽  
Jeremy R Miles ◽  
Amanda Lindholm-Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Lactation Stage

Abstract The milk microbiome in swine has been recently demonstrated to develop and alter the growing gut microbiome in offspring. Milk is the primary nutritional source for piglets and the established microbial communities from initial diet remain stable over time, thus being critical for long-term effects on the animal. Since little is known about the ontogeny of the milk microbiome, the objective of this study was to determine differences in the sow milk microbiome among multiple parities and days in lactation. A total of 32 sows were grouped by parity, 1–4, with 8 sows per parity. Sows were on the same diet and had ad libitum access to water. At sampling, teats were cleaned and stripped. Milk samples were manually collected on one side from a fore, mid, and hind teat, then combined for one whole milk sample per animal. Milk was sampled on days 2 and 16 to determine differences between days in lactation. Samples were sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq for V1-V3 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and downstream analyses were conducted in the R environment using ‘phyloseq’ and ‘DADA2’ packages. Statistical analyzes utilized a completely randomized design and a mixed model analysis of variance, with fixed effects of parity and days in lactation and examining a parity by day interaction. The genera Corynebacterium were greater (P < 0.05) abundance in parity 4. There was an increase (P < 0.05) in Staphylococcus at day 2 compared to day 16. Core microbial communities, Lactobacillus and Romboutsia increased (P < 0.05) by day 16. Identifying microbial communities present in the milk microbiome in sows can allow producers to understand how these microbes may influence the gut microbiome in growing piglets to augment gain. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

scholarly journals Pollutant-Removing Biofilter Strains Associated with High Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide Removal Rate in a Livestock Wastewater Treatment Facility

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7358
Author(s):  
Dong-Hyun Kim ◽  
Hyun-Sik Yun ◽  
Young-Saeng Kim ◽  
Jong-Guk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Illumina Miseq Sequencing ◽  
Miseq Sequencing ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Livestock Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Facility

This study analyzed the microbial community metagenomically to determine the cause of the functionality of a livestock wastewater treatment facility that can effectively remove pollutants, such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used in analyzing the composition and structure of the microbial community, and the 16S rRNA gene was used. Through Illumina MiSeq sequencing, information such as diversity indicators as well as the composition and structure of microbial communities present in the livestock wastewater treatment facility were obtained, and differences between microbial communities present in the investigated samples were compared. The number of reads, operational taxonomic units, and species richness were lower in influent sample (NLF), where the wastewater enters, than in effluent sample (NL), in which treated wastewater is found. This difference was greater in June 2019 than in January 2020, and the removal rates of ammonia (86.93%) and hydrogen sulfide (99.72%) were also higher in June 2019. In both areas, the community composition was similar in January 2020, whereas the influent sample (NLF) and effluent sample (NL) areas in June 2019 were dominated by Proteobacteria (76.23%) and Firmicutes (67.13%), respectively. Oleiphilaceae (40.89%) and Thioalkalibacteraceae (12.91%), which are related to ammonia and hydrogen sulfide removal, respectively, were identified in influent sample (NLF) in June 2019. They were more abundant in June 2019 than in January 2020. Therefore, the functionality of the livestock wastewater treatment facility was affected by characteristics, including the composition of the microbial community. Compared to Illumina MiSeq sequencing, fewer species were isolated and identified in both areas using culture-based methods, suggesting Illumina MiSeq sequencing as a powerful tool to determine the relevance of microbial communities for pollutant removal.

scholarly journals Extremely Halophilic Biohydrogen Producing Microbial Communities from High-Salinity Soil and Salt Evaporation Pond

Fuels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-252
Author(s):  
Dyah Asri Handayani Taroepratjeka ◽  
Tsuyoshi Imai ◽  
Prapaipid Chairattanamanokorn ◽  
Alissara Reungsang
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Lignocellulosic Waste ◽  
Evaporation Pond ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Determining Factor

Extreme halophiles offer the advantage to save on the costs of sterilization and water for biohydrogen production from lignocellulosic waste after the pretreatment process with their ability to withstand extreme salt concentrations. This study identifies the dominant hydrogen-producing genera and species among the acclimatized, extremely halotolerant microbial communities taken from two salt-damaged soil locations in Khon Kaen and one location from the salt evaporation pond in Samut Sakhon, Thailand. The microbial communities’ V3–V4 regions of 16srRNA were analyzed using high-throughput amplicon sequencing. A total of 345 operational taxonomic units were obtained and the high-throughput sequencing confirmed that Firmicutes was the dominant phyla of the three communities. Halanaerobium fermentans and Halanaerobacter lacunarum were the dominant hydrogen-producing species of the communities. Spatial proximity was not found to be a determining factor for similarities between these extremely halophilic microbial communities. Through the study of the microbial communities, strategies can be developed to increase biohydrogen molar yield.

scholarly journals Correction: Membrane fouling characteristics of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) under salinity shock: extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) and the optimization of operating parameters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Luo ◽  
Hui Zhong ◽  
Ye Yuan ◽  
Wenwang Zhou ◽  
Changming Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Salinity Shock ◽  
Fouling Characteristics

Correction for ‘Membrane fouling characteristics of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) under salinity shock: extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) and the optimization of operating parameters’ by Changming Zhong et al., Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol., 2021, DOI: .

Carbon-Isotope, Diatom, and Pollen Evidence for Late Holocene Salinity Change in a Brackish Marsh in the San Francisco Estuary

2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Byrne ◽  
B. Lynn Ingram ◽  
Scott Starratt ◽  
Frances Malamud-Roam ◽  
Joshua N. Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Brackish Marsh ◽  
San Francisco Estuary ◽  
Freshwater Inflow ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Freshwater Flow ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Carbon Isotopic

AbstractAnalysis of diatoms, pollen, and the carbon-isotopic composition of a sediment core from a brackish marsh in the northern part of the San Francisco Estuary has provided a paleosalinity record that covers the past 3000 yr. Changes in marsh composition and diatom frequencies are assumed to represent variations in freshwater inflow to the estuary. Three periods of relatively high salinity (low freshwater inflow) are indicated, 3000 to 2500 cal yr B.P., 1700 to 730 cal yr B.P., and ca. A.D. 1930 to the present. The most recent period of high salinity is primarily due to upstream storage and water diversion within the Sacramento–San Joaquin watershed, although drought may also have been a factor. The two earlier high-salinity periods are likely the result of reduced precipitation. Low salinity (high freshwater flow) is indicated for the period 750 cal yr B.P. to A.D. 1930.

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