scholarly journals Experimental evaluation of spectral efficiency from a circular array antenna producing a Laguerre–Gauss mode

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 201711
Author(s):  
Ben Allen ◽  
Timothy D. Drysdale ◽  
Chris Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Antenna Array ◽  
Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Modulation Scheme ◽  
Phase Shift Keying ◽  
Additional Degree ◽  
Shift Keying ◽  
Mode Purity ◽  
Circular Antenna Array

We present the four-dimensional volumetric electromagnetic field measurements ( x , y , z and frequency) of the complex radiated field produced by an 8-element circular antenna array. The array is designed to produce a Laguerre–Gauss (LG) mode l = +1 over the frequency range of 9–10 GHz. We evaluate our findings in terms of far-field LG mode purity and spectral efficiency in terms of the quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation scheme that can be supported. The application of LG modes in radio systems is as a means of multiplexing several data streams onto the same frequency, polarization and time slot, thus making a highly spectrally efficient transmission system or enhancing radar systems by means of exploiting mode behaviour as an additional degree of freedom. Our results show that for the circular antenna array, we find that mode purity is sufficient to support binary phase shift keying or quadrature phase shift keying modulation over a 0.3 GHz bandwidth, which corresponds to a spectral efficiency of 1.5 b s −1 Hz −1 per mode. Closer to the antennas' design frequency, 256QAM modulation may be supported over a 0.05 GHz band, and which corresponds to a spectral efficiency of 11 b s −1 Hz −1 per mode. We anticipate the practical insights provided in this paper contribute to the successful design of such systems.

scholarly journals Analytical Models for the Computation of Error Probability of Multi-Level Phase Shift Keying Modulation Scheme

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Isaac A. E. ◽  
Dike H.U.
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Error Probability ◽  
Error Function ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Modulation Scheme ◽  
Noise Power ◽  
Phase Shift Keying ◽  
Shift Keying ◽  
Multi Level

In this paper, analytical models for the computation of error probability (BER) of the Multi-level Phase Shift Keying (MPSK) modulation scheme is presented. Analytical models for computing MPSK bit error probability based on Q function, error function (erf) and complementary error function (erfc) are presented. Also, an analytical model for computing the symbol error rate for MPSK is presented. Furthermore, a generalized analytical expression for BER as a function of modulation order (M) and energy per bit to noise power density ratio (Eb/No) is presented. The BER was computed for various values of M (2 ≤ M ≤ 256) and Eb/No (0 dB ≤ Eb/No ≤ 14 Db). The results showed that at Eb/No =12 dB, a BER of 9.006E-09 is realized for M =2 and M =4 whereas BER of 1.056E-01 is realized for M = 256. Also, for the same M = 2 , the value of BER decreased from 1.2501E-02 at Eb/No = 4 dB to 9.0060E-09at Eb/No =12 dB. Generally, the results showed that for the MPSK modulation scheme, for a given value of Eb/No, the lower modulation order (M) has a lower BER and for a given modulation order, (M) the BER decreases as Eb/No increases.

Application of a Novel Modulation Scheme of PS-RZ-QPSK Signal in High-Speed Optical Transmission System

2013 ◽  
Vol 347-350 ◽  
pp. 1879-1883
Author(s):  
Lei Xu ◽  
Jin Nan Zhang ◽  
Yan Gan Zhang ◽  
Mi Lin
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Transmission ◽  
Modulation Scheme ◽  
Phase Shift Keying ◽  
Transmission Performance ◽  
Dual Polarization ◽  
Traditional Structure ◽  
Shift Keying ◽  
Mach Zehnder Modulator

Modulation principle of dual-polarization quadratu-re phase shift keying signal and polarization-switched QPSK signal are demonstrated and advantages of PS-QPSK are proved in theoretically. A novel modulation scheme of PS-RZ-QPSK signal is proposed in this paper. The scheme reduces transmitter cost by less use of Mach-Zehnder modulator, but also presents similar performance as traditional structure for PS-RZ-QPSK. The simulate result indicates PS-RZ-QPSK can achieve a better transmission performance than DP-RZ-QPSK at the same bit rate (84Gb/s) and baud rate (28GBd), and proves showing the feasibility of novel modulation scheme.

scholarly journals A printed millimetre-wave modulator and antenna array for backscatter communications at gigabit data rates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kimionis ◽  
Apostolos Georgiadis ◽  
Spyridon Nektarios Daskalakis ◽  
Manos M. Tentzeris
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Antenna Array ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Phase Shift Keying ◽  
Modulation Formats ◽  
Millimetre Wave ◽  
Front End ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Shift Keying

AbstractFuture devices for the Internet of Things will require communication systems that can deliver higher data rates at low power. Backscatter radio—in which wireless communication is achieved via reflection rather than radiation—is a low-complexity approach that requires a minimal number of active elements. However, it is typically limited to data rates of hundreds of megabits per second because of the low frequency bands used and the modulation techniques involved. Here we report a millimetre-wave modulator and antenna array for backscatter communications at gigabit data rates. This radiofrequency front-end consists of a microstrip patch antenna array and a single pseudomorphic high-electron-mobility transistor that supports a range of modulation formats including binary phase shift keying, quadrature phase shift keying and quadrature amplitude modulation. The circuit is additively manufactured with inkjet printing using silver nanoparticle inks on a flexible liquid-crystal polymer substrate. A millimetre-wave transceiver is also designed to capture and downconvert the backscattered signals and route them for digital signal processing. With the system, we demonstrate a bit rate of two gigabits per second of backscatter transmission at millimetre-wave frequencies of 24–28 GHz, and with a front-end energy consumption of 0.17 pJ per bit.

scholarly journals Performance Enhancement of DS-CDMA System using Extended BPSK Modulation Scheme

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-180
Author(s):  
Barkha Pandey ◽  
Raghu Harsh Kalia ◽  
Monica Kaushik ◽  
Monika Arora
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Spectrum Efficiency ◽  
Modulation Scheme ◽  
Cdma System ◽  
Phase Shift Keying ◽  
Binary Phase ◽  
Modulation Format ◽  
Shift Keying ◽  
Binary Phase Shift Keying

In a last few decades there has been tremendous growth and a drastic rise in wireless communication technologies. The major issue that the world is facing today with the advent of so many sophisticated wireless communication devices is efficient utilization of the spectrum. Spectrum efficiency comes together with a tradeoff factor of energy consumption. Thus, the need of the hour is an energy and bandwidth efficient technique. DS-CDMA is one of the competitive and most investigated technique in wireless communication which caters the large demand at the same time with limited bandwidth. Existing modulation techniques does not promise to provide better performance in case of higher noise. Therefore, one looks for a better BER stipulated modulation format to improve and enhance the performance of the system. This article revisits conventional Binary phase shift keying method and compares its performance in terms of BER with a special Extended Binary Phase Shift Keying (EBPSK) modulation format for a DS- CDMA system. EBPSK scheme is flexible and simple which is easily integrated in a network and assures improved and enhanced performance.

Spectral efficiency of coded phase-shift keying for fiber-optic communication

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 2438-2445 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kramer ◽  
A. Ashikhmin ◽  
A.J. van Wijngaarden ◽  
Xing Wei
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Phase Shift Keying ◽  
Shift Keying ◽  
Fiber Optic Communication ◽  
Optic Communication
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