scholarly journals A linear systems approach to protect the night sky: implications for current and future regulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 201501
Author(s):  
Fabio Falchi ◽  
Salvador Bará
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
The World ◽  
Night Sky

The persistent increase of artificial light emissions is causing a progressive brightening of the night sky in most regions of the world. This process is a threat for the long-term sustainability of the scientific and educational activity of ground-based astronomical observatories operating in the optical range. Huge investments in building, scientific and technical workforce, equipment and maintenance can be at risk if the increasing light pollution levels hinder the capability of carrying out the top-level scientific observations for which these key scientific infrastructures were built. Light pollution has other negative consequences, as e.g. biodiversity endangering and the loss of the starry sky for recreational, touristic and preservation of cultural heritage. The traditional light pollution mitigation approach is based on imposing conditions on the photometry of individual sources, but the aggregated effects of all sources in the territory surrounding the observatories are seldom addressed in the regulations. We propose that this approach shall be complemented with a top-down, ambient artificial skyglow immission limits strategy, whereby clear limits are established to the admissible deterioration of the night sky above the observatories. We describe the general form of the indicators that can be employed to this end, and develop linear models relating their values to the artificial emissions across the territory. This approach can be easily applied to other protection needs, like e.g. to protect nocturnal ecosystems, and it is expected to be useful for making informed decisions on public lighting, in the context of wider spatial planning projects.

A case study of noise pollution levels during the restrictions period due to COVID-19.

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (6) ◽  
pp. 206-214
Author(s):  
David Montes-González ◽  
Juan Miguel Barrigón-Morillas ◽  
Ana Cristina Bejarano-Quintas ◽  
Manuel Parejo-Pizarro ◽  
Guillermo Rey-Gozalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) led to the need for drastic control measures around the world to reduce the impact on the health of the population. The confinement of people in their homes resulted in a significant reduction in human activity at every level (economic, social, industrial, etc.), which was reflected in a decrease in environmental pollution levels. Studying the evolution of parameters, such as the level of environmental noise caused by vehicle traffic in urban environments, makes it possible to assess the impact of this type of measure. This paper presents a case study of the acoustic situation in Cáceres (Spain) during the restriction period by means of long-term acoustic measurements at various points of the city.

scholarly journals TWAN: The World at Night

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S260) ◽  
pp. 354-357
Author(s):  
Babak A. Tafreshi
Keyword(s):  
Time Lapse ◽  
Historic Sites ◽  
Night Time ◽  
The World ◽  
Special Project ◽  
Night Sky

AbstractThe World at Night (TWAN) is a global program to produce, collect, and present stunning photographs and time-lapse videos of the world's most beautiful and historic sites against the night-time backdrop of stars, planets, and celestial events. TWAN is a bridge between art, science and humanity to bring the message of peace, concealed in the sky. Organised by “Astronomers Without Borders”, the project consist of world's best night sky photographers in over countries and coordinators, regional event organisers, and consultants. TWAN was also designated as a Special Project of the International Year of Astronomy 2009. While the project's global exhibitions and educational events peaked during IYA2009, TWAN is planned for long term in several phases and will continue to create and exhibit images in the next years.

scholarly journals The new world atlas of artificial night sky brightness

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. e1600377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Falchi ◽  
Pierantonio Cinzano ◽  
Dan Duriscoe ◽  
Christopher C. M. Kyba ◽  
Christopher D. Elvidge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use Planning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
The World ◽  
Visible Effect ◽  
Sky Brightness ◽  
Night Sky ◽  
States Experience ◽  
Land Surfaces

Artificial lights raise night sky luminance, creating the most visible effect of light pollution—artificial skyglow. Despite the increasing interest among scientists in fields such as ecology, astronomy, health care, and land-use planning, light pollution lacks a current quantification of its magnitude on a global scale. To overcome this, we present the world atlas of artificial sky luminance, computed with our light pollution propagation software using new high-resolution satellite data and new precision sky brightness measurements. This atlas shows that more than 80% of the world and more than 99% of the U.S. and European populations live under light-polluted skies. The Milky Way is hidden from more than one-third of humanity, including 60% of Europeans and nearly 80% of North Americans. Moreover, 23% of the world’s land surfaces between 75°N and 60°S, 88% of Europe, and almost half of the United States experience light-polluted nights.

scholarly journals konsep dasar administrasi

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
anisa putri utama
Keyword(s):  
Learning Theory ◽  
Educational Administration ◽  
Science Learning ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
Administrative Staff ◽  
Staff Management ◽  
The World

Abstract— Educational Administration in Teaching Profession is an educational activity to develop capabilities in the field of administration. science, learning theory and skills implemented long-term goals that is that administrative staff, management and develop the knowledge that has been learned and practiced in schools.The purpose of educational administration is none other than all activities that support the achievement of educational goals or in other words administration is used in the world of education is so that educational goals are achieved.

scholarly journals The Potential Impact of COVID-19 on Depression and Suicide Risk in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Stephanie H Gomez ◽  
◽  
Josephine Ridley ◽  
Silvia C Hernandez ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Impact

COVID-19 infections, hospitalizations, and deaths continue to skyrocket across the world, leaving a trail of enduring psychological turmoil. It wreaks havoc on the physical, emotional, and cognitive health of those directly infected, as well as caretakers, friends, and families. Though the pandemic has at least indirectly impacted most people, older adults appear to be the most vulnerable to COVID-19-related deaths and little is known about the psychological consequences. Unfortunately, many of the precautions taken to minimize infections may have inadvertent negative consequences among older adults. Most recently, researchers have highlighted the need to focus both on preventing the illness and preventing the potential deleterious psychological sequelae of trying to survive a pandemic. In the present paper, past pandemics are examined to hypothesize the likely long-term effects that COVID-19 may have on depression and suicide risk in older adults and to provide guidance on strategies to mitigate the potential negative outcomes.

scholarly journals The Role of the Foreign Trade in the Development of Contemporary Supernational Structures in the Age of Globalization 4.0

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-196
Author(s):  
Maria Balashova ◽  
Irina Tsvigun
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The World ◽  
Complex Forms

In the age of globalization 4.0, the problem of insufficient preparation of supranational structures for leveling the negative consequences of the integration of information technologies into all spheres of human activity is becoming more acute, which puts on the agenda the question of the real effectiveness of their activities. There is no alternative to establishing and deepening the information type of society in both the medium and long term. International organizations and companies, as well as integration associations, should take into account the relevant changes taking place in the world economy in the organization of their activities. The purpose of the study is to identify the role of foreign trade in the development of modern supranational structures and to identify among them those which can really cope with the challenges of globalization 4.0. The research methodology was based on the basic principles of synthesis and analysis of data on 35 countries of the world from different continents and with different levels of economic development, which either have maintained stable positions in the level and quality of life of the population over the past decades, or those that have managed to make the transition from a country with a developing economy to a developed one. The authors tried to identify the influence of the foreign trade activities of the member states of supranational structures on the success of their development. The result of the study was the identification of stronger positions of international companies and integration associations that have achieved complex forms of cooperation over international organizations. It is shown that the main way to achieve the appropriate leadership is the activity of their member countries in foreign trade processes in general, and most importantly — in the export of information technologies, in particular. The latter gives the relevant supranational structures unique unlimited benefits, and their participants the opportunity to preserve their so­vereignty and guarantee national security.

scholarly journals Light Pollution Monitoring and Sky Colours

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Kolláth ◽  
Dénes Száz ◽  
Kornél Kolláth ◽  
Kai Pong Tong
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Sky Brightness ◽  
Night Sky ◽  
Artificial Changes ◽  
Night Sky Brightness

The measurement of night sky quality has become an important task in nature conservation. The primary device used for this task can be a calibrated digital camera. In addition, colour information can be derived from sky photography. In this paper, we provide a test on a concept to gather information about the possible sources of night sky brightness based on digital camera images. This method helps to understand changes in night sky quality due to natural and artificial changes in the environment. We demonstrate that a well-defined colour–colour diagram can differentiate between the different natural and artificial sources of night sky radiance. The colour information can be essential when interpreting long-term evolution of light pollution measurements.

scholarly journals Photons without borders: quantifying light pollution transfer between territories

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Bará ◽  
Raul C. Lima
Keyword(s):  
Relative Weight ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
The World ◽  
Lighting Systems

The light pollution levels experienced at any given site generally depend on a wide number of artificial light sources distributed throughout the surrounding territory. Since photons can travel long distances before being scattered by the atmosphere, any effective proposal for reducing local light pollution levels needs an accurate assessment of the relative weight of all intervening light sources, including those located tens or even hundreds of km away. In this paper we describe several ways of quantifying and visualizing these relative weights. Particular emphasis is made on the aggregate contribution of the municipalities, which are -in many regions of the world- the administrative bodies primarily responsible for the planning and maintenance of public outdoor lighting systems

scholarly journals adm pendidikan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
yola pramika
Keyword(s):  
Educational Administration ◽  
Science Learning ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
Administrative Staff ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
The World ◽  
Production Effectiveness

Abstract — Educational Administration in Teaching Profession is an educational activity to develop capabilities in the field of administration. science, learning theory and skills implemented long-term aim that is for administrative staff, management or develop the knowledge that has been learned and practiced at school Soekarto Indrafachrudi (2006: 57-58) namely "administration is defined as the whole process of cooperation between two or more people which is based on rationality to achieve predetermined goals "The goal of educational administration is nothing but that all activities support the achievement of educational goals or in other words administration is used in the world of education so that educational goals are achieved. As said by Sergiovanni and Carver (1975) , there are 4 administrative objectives, namely: production effectiveness, efficiency, adaptability, and job satisfaction. Keywords— (administration, profession, teacher training)

scholarly journals Air Quality and Its Relationship with COVID-19 Mortality in Hotspot Places of India: A Post-lockdown Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Raja Naqvi ◽  
Guneet Mutreja ◽  
Adnan Shakeel ◽  
Masood Ahsan Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
The World ◽  
Ground Monitoring ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Time Point

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic spread over the world like the wind with more than 400,000 documented cases as of March 24th, 2020. In this regard, strict lockdown measures were imposed in India on the same date to stop the virus spread. Thereafter, various lockdown impacts were observed and one of the immediate effects was a reduction in air pollution levels across the world. In this study, we have selected 14 major hotspot places where the COVID-19 cases were >1000 (as of 1st June 2020) that represents more than 70% mortalities of India. We assessed the impact of lockdown on different air quality indicators including ground (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, O3, and AQI) and tropospheric nitric oxide (NO2) concentrations through ground monitoring stations and Sentinel-5 satellite data respectively. We have found highest reduction in NO2 (-48.68%), PM2.5 (-34.84%) and PM10 (-33.89%) air pollutant (unit in µg/m3) levels post-lockdown. Moreover, tropospheric NO2 (mol/m2) concentrations were also improved over Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Thane, and Ahmedabad metro cities. Interestingly, air pollutant indicators have been correlated with different periods (as of 1st and 15th June 2020) of COVID-19 mortalities data to assess the bounding between these variables. Accordingly, we have found a strong positive correlation of mortalities data with ground PM10 (R2=0.145; r =0.38) and AQI (R2=0.17; r =0.412) indicators and this relationship has been improved significantly on second time point. The correlation finding suggests that the long-term bad air quality may aggravate the clinical symptoms of the disease.

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