scholarly journals Growth and behaviour of blue mussels, a re-emerging polar resident, follow a strong annual rhythm shaped by the extreme high Arctic light regime

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 200889
Author(s):  
Damien Tran ◽  
Hector Andrade ◽  
Guillaume Durier ◽  
Pierre Ciret ◽  
Peter Leopold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Shell Growth ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Chlamys Islandica ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Biodiversity Changes

Polar regions are currently warming at a rate above the global average. One issue of concern is the consequences on biodiversity in relation to the Northward latitudinal shift in distribution of temperate species. In the present study, lasting almost two years, we examined two phenological traits, i.e. the shell growth and behavioural rhythm of a recently re-established species in the high Arctic, the blue mussel Mytilus sp. We compared this with a native species, the Islandic scallop Chlamys islandica . We show marked differences in the examined traits between the two species. In Mytilus sp., a clear annual pattern of shell growth strongly correlated to the valve behaviour rhythmicity, whereas C. islandica exhibited a shell growth pattern with a total absence of annual rhythmicity of behaviour. The shell growth was highly correlated to the photoperiod for the mussels but weaker for the scallops. The water temperature cycle was a very weak parameter to anticipate the phenology traits of both species. This study shows that the new resident in the high Arctic, Mytilus sp., is a highly adaptive species, and therefore a promising bioindicator to study the consequences of biodiversity changes due to global warming.

The climatology of two succulent plant families: Cactaceae and Crassulaceae

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (15) ◽  
pp. 1750-1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Teeri ◽  
L. G. Stowe ◽  
D. A. Murawski
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Succulent Plant ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Seasonal Correlation

The relative abundance of native species in both the Cactaceae and Crassulaceae in different regions of North America is highly negatively correlated with the coefficient of humidity, an estimate of soil moisture content. The species of both families are relatively more abundant in dry habitats as estimated by this coefficient and other moisture variables. The two families exhibit different patterns of seasonal correlation with the monthly values of the coefficient of humidity. The Cactaceae are most strongly correlated with winter values and the Crassulaceae with summer values. The preferred habitats of the Cactaceae are characterized by high rates of evaporation, while the preferred habitats of the Crassulaceae are characterized by low amounts of precipitation. The species of the Cactaceae are much more highly correlated (multiple R = 0.977) with the combination of moisture and temperature variables that best predict their relative geographic abundance than are those of the Crassulaceae (multiple R = 0.888) with the combination of variables yielding the best prediction of their abundance. It is suggested that the expression of the crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) phenotype may be of less overall importance to the members of the Crassulaceae of North America than it is to the members of the Cactaceae.

Culturally Sensitive Assessment of Anxious-Depressive Distress in Vietnam: Avoiding Category Truncation

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devon E. Hinton ◽  
Amie Alley Pollack ◽  
Bahr Weiss ◽  
Lam T. Trung
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
General Survey ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Standing Up ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Highly Correlated

The present study investigated what complaints are prominent in psychologically distressed Vietnamese in Vietnam beyond standard symptoms assessed by Western diagnostic instruments for anxiety and depression. To form the initial Vietnamese Symptom and Cultural Syndrome Addendum (VN SSA), we reviewed the literature, consulted experts, and conducted focus groups. The preliminary VN SSA was then used in a general survey (N = 1004) of five provinces in Vietnam. We found that the VN SSA items were highly and significantly correlated with a measure of anxious-depressive psychopathology (a composite measure of the General Anxiety Disorder-7; Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale; and Patient Health Questionnaire-9). The VN SSA item most highly correlated to anxious-depressive psychopathology was “thinking a lot” ( r = .54), reported by 15.8% of the sample. Many other symptoms in the addendum also were prominent, such as orthostatic dizziness (i.e., dizziness upon standing up; r = .41), reported by 22.9% of the sample. By way of comparison, somatic complaints more typically assessed to profile Western anxious-depressive distress, such as palpitations, were less prominent, as evidenced by being less strongly correlated to Western psychiatric symptoms and being less frequent (e.g., palpitations: r = .31, 7.1% of the sample). Study results suggest that to avoid category truncation when profiling anxious-depressive distress among Vietnamese that items other than those in standard psychopathology measures should also be assessed.

scholarly journals Inferring object properties from human interaction and transferring them to new motions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zheng ◽  
Weikai Wu ◽  
Hanting Pan ◽  
Niloy Mitra ◽  
Daniel Cohen-Or ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Interaction ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Recognition Method ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Object Property ◽  
Correlated Motions ◽  
Object Properties ◽  
New Synthesis ◽  
Related Object ◽  
Highly Correlated

AbstractHumans regularly interact with their surrounding objects. Such interactions often result in strongly correlated motions between humans and the interacting objects. We thus ask: “Is it possible to infer object properties from skeletal motion alone, even without seeing the interacting object itself?” In this paper, we present a fine-grained action recognition method that learns to infer such latent object properties from human interaction motion alone. This inference allows us to disentangle the motion from the object property and transfer object properties to a given motion. We collected a large number of videos and 3D skeletal motions of performing actors using an inertial motion capture device. We analyzed similar actions and learned subtle differences between them to reveal latent properties of the interacting objects. In particular, we learned to identify the interacting object, by estimating its weight, or its spillability. Our results clearly demonstrate that motions and interacting objects are highly correlated and that related object latent properties can be inferred from 3D skeleton sequences alone, leading to new synthesis possibilities for motions involving human interaction. Our dataset is available at http://vcc.szu.edu.cn/research/2020/IT.html.

Meat qualities in the sheep with special reference to Scottish breeds and crosses. I

1939 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Pálsson
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Precise Measure ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

1. By establishing the relationship between linear carcass measurements and the quantitative composition of the carcass in terms of bone, muscle and fat, we have provided a scientific basis for the use of many measurements hitherto only presumed to provide an index to carcass quality.2. External carcass measurements are correlated with weight of the skeleton. The most useful for this purpose are length of tibia + tarsus and length of the fore-cannon.3. As indices of muscle, external measures are only of indirect value. Thus, both F – T and G/F × 100 are strongly correlated with weight of muscle as a percentage of skeletal weight.4. Similarly, F provides an index of fat, being negatively correlated with fat as a percentage of bone.5. For muscle and fat internal measures permit a more precise estimate to be made. A + B is the best index of the former while C + J + Y provide the most accurate estimate of the weight of fat.6. Still better indices for muscle and fat are provided by suitable combinations of external and internal measurements. Thus L/10 + A + B is very highly correlated with the weight of muscle, and L/10 × (C + J + Y) is the best index of fat in the hoggets. For bone, a most efficient single index is shown to be the weight of the fore-cannon bone.7. The weight of the skeleton can be estimated with a high degree of accuracy from the weight of the bones in either one leg or loin. Both these joints combined, however, provide a still better estimate.8. The muscle in one leg or loin + leg provides an excellent index of the weight of muscle in the whole carcass.9. The fat in one leg, loin, or both these joints combined provides a good index of the weight of the total fat in the carcass. Both joints combined give the most precise measure.10. The value of certain measurements which are not necessarily associated with the quantity of the major tissues of the carcass, but which nevertheless have important qualitative significance, is emphasized.

scholarly journals Using neutral and outlier loci to uncover the genetic structure of 'Mytilus galloprovincialis' populations from the eastern Adriatic coast using population genetic and seascape genetic approaches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Joanna Szondy Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Outlier Locus ◽  
Outlier Loci ◽  
Adriatic Coast ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellite ◽  
Highly Correlated

<p>The genetic variation of the Mediterranean blue mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis from the eastern coastline of the Adriatic Sea was investigated using polymorphic microsatellite markers. In total, 843 individuals were sampled from 18 populations representing a variety of coastal environments in Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro and Albania. Neutral loci revealed low levels of genetic structure in this continuously distributed species, while one outlier locus, MGE7, which may be under selection, provided strong evidence of genetic structure. The distribution of one of the alleles of this locus, MGE7²⁴³, was significantly correlated with latitude. A genetic seascape analysis using 9 environmental and 3 geospatial variables revealed a strong association between MGE7²⁴³ and three highly correlated environmental variables, maximum sea surface temperature, minimum salinity and maximum chlorophyll-a. This association was maintained for homozygous genotypes for the MGE7²⁴³ allele, but not for heterozygotes, providing further evidence that the locus MGE7 may be under selection or closely linked to a gene under selection. These findings highlight how previously unrecognised genetic structure can be identified through the use of genetic seascape approaches.</p>

Superphosphate and stocking rate effects on a native pasture oversown with Stylosanthes humilis in central coastal Queensland. 3. The balance of native species in the pasture

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (95) ◽  
pp. 808 ◽  
Author(s):  
NH Shaw ◽  
MB Dale
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Total Exchange Capacity ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Stocking Rates

The percentage frequency of all herbaceous species in a native pasture oversown with S. humilis (T.S.) was measured at the beginning and end of an eight-year grazing experiment. Treatments imposed were three levels of molybdenized superphosphate (nil; 125 kg ha-1 annually; 250 kg ha-1 annually plus an extra 250 kg ha-1 initially) in factorial combination with four stocking rates and two sowing methods for T.S. (ground sowing into spaced cultivated strips or aerial sowing). Stocking rates were gradually increased during the experiment and for the last three years overlapping ranges were used for the three fertilizer levels; the overall range was then from 0.55 to 1.65 beast ha-1. Treatments did not induce any major changes in the proportions of native species in the pasture. Heteropogon contortus remained dominant and its frequency increased in all treatments. Of the total of 113 species recorded, only 18 reached 10 per cent frequency in at least one paddock on one occasion. Several of these showed statistically significant changes in response to treatment, but their relative importance was not greatly changed. Examination of the results by principal co-ordinate and canonical analysis, showed that the first vectors of the two data sets were highly correlated, indicating that the major control on floristic composition was not changed by oversowing with T.S. or by the treatments imposed. Treatment effects dominated in the second and third vectors in the final year. The controlling vector was found to be highly correlated with soil calcium, potassium, total exchange capacity and organic carbon, but the basis for the correlations remains undetermined.

The mobility and transformation of soil nitrogen and the relationships between soil and plant nitrogen and yield at different times following application of various nitrogen fertilizers to sweet corn

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
AA Salardini ◽  
LA Sparrow ◽  
RJ Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Sampling Times

The concentration of NH4-N, NO3-N and their sum (mineral N) were monitored 12 times in 1 or 2 weekly intervals in the soil under a sweet corn crop. The samples were taken on the fertilizer band and to depths of 200, 400 and 600 mm. The NO3-N concentration of the sap expressed from the midrib of the leaf opposite and immediately above the primary cob (sap NO3-N) and that of midrib dry matter (midrib NO3-N) were determined weekly. Under the low rainfall and optimized irrigation of this trial the concentration of mineral N in soil to the depth of 400 mm or more was a good predictor of yield response to application of N at 10 of the 12 sampling times. The concentration of either NH4-N or NO3-N in the soil to any depth and the concentration of mineral N in the surface 200 mm correlated with the yield at only a few times of sampling. The concentration of mineral N in the top 200 mm of soil 1 or 2 weeks after top-dressing of N was highly correlated to yield. The concentration of sap NOS-N and midrib NO3-N decreased continuously until harvest. Both these concentrations were significantly correlated with the rates of basal and top-dressed N in most sampling times. These were also strongly correlated to yield 1 or 2 weeks after N top-dressing. Ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and urea gave similar responses in sap NO3-N and midrib NO3-N and in soil nitrogen after 5 weeks when nitrification of fertilizer NH4-N was complete. These observations indicated that soil mineral N, sap NO3-N and midrib NO3-N all offer potential as techniques to predict the yield response of sweet corn to N application. The sap NO3-N test was simpler, quicker, cheaper and more consistent than other tests.

Relationships of Native Desert Plants with Red Brome (Bromus rubens): Toward Identifying Invasion-Reducing Species

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott R. Abella ◽  
Donovan J. Craig ◽  
Lindsay P. Chiquoine ◽  
Kathryn A. Prengaman ◽  
Sarah M. Schmid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mojave Desert ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Desert Ecosystems ◽  
Red Brome ◽  
Bromus Rubens ◽  
Competitive Abilities ◽  
Practical Implications

AbstractThe interactions between native and exotic species occur on a continuum from facilitative to competitive. A growing thrust in invasive species science is differentiating where particular native species occur along this continuum, with practical implications for identifying species that might reduce the invasibility of ecosystems. We used a greenhouse experiment to develop a competitive hierarchy of 27 native species with red brome, an invasive annual grass in the arid lands of the southwestern United States, and a field study to assess in situ responses of brome to native perennial species in the Mojave Desert. Native species most competitive with brome in the competition experiment included the annuals Esteve's pincushion and western fiddleneck and the perennials eastern Mojave buckwheat, sweetbush, and brittlebush, which reduced brome biomass to 49 to 70% of its grown-alone amount. There was no clear difference in competitive abilities with brome between annual and perennial natives, and competiveness was not strongly correlated (r = 0.15) with the biomass of the native species. In the field, sweetbush and brittlebush supported among the least cover of brome, suggesting congruence of the strong early competitive abilities of these species with in situ patterns of brome distribution. At the other extreme, brome attained its highest average cover (19%) below littleleaf ratany, significantly greater than all but 3 of the 16 species evaluated. Cover by brome was only weakly related (r = 0.19) to the area of the perennial canopy, suggesting that factors other than the sizes of perennial plants were linked to differences in brome cover among species. Results suggest that (1) interactions with brome differ substantially among native species, (2) these interactions are not as closely linked to biomass production as in more temperate regions, and (3) there is potential for identifying native species that can reduce invasion of desert ecosystems.

scholarly journals The relative validity and repeatability of an FFQ for estimating intake of zinc and its absorption modifiers in young and older Saudi adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 968-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadeil M Alsufiani ◽  
Fatmah Yamani ◽  
Taha A Kumosani ◽  
Dianne Ford ◽  
John C Mathers
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Relative Validity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the relative validity and repeatability of a sixty-four-item FFQ for estimating dietary intake of Zn and its absorption modifiers in Saudi adults. In addition, we used the FFQ to investigate the effect of age and gender on these intakes.DesignTo assess validity, all participants completed the FFQ (FFQ1) and a 3 d food record. After 1 month, the FFQ was administered for a second time (FFQ2) to assess repeatability.SettingJeddah, Saudi Arabia.SubjectsOne hundred males and females aged 20–30 years and 60–70 years participated.ResultsMean intakes of Zn and protein from FFQ1 were significantly higher than those from the food record while there were no detectable differences between tools for measurement of phytic acid intake. Estimated intakes of Zn, protein and phytate by both approaches were strongly correlated (P<0·001). Bland–Altman analysis showed for protein that the difference in intake as measured by the two methods was similar across the range of intakes while for Zn and phytic acid, the difference increased with increasing mean intake. Zn and protein intakes from FFQ1 and FFQ2 were highly correlated (r>0·68,P<0·001) but were significantly lower at the second measurement (FFQ2). Older adults consumed less Zn and protein compared with young adults. Intakes of all dietary components were lower in females than in males.ConclusionsThe FFQ developed and tested in the current study demonstrated reasonable relative validity and high repeatability and was capable of detecting differences in intakes between age and gender groups.

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