scholarly journals Event-related potentials reveal limited readiness to access phonetic details during word processing in dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 200851
Author(s):  
L. Magyari ◽  
Zs. Huszár ◽  
A. Turzó ◽  
A. Andics
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Processing Abilities ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Cleaning Procedures ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Invasive Measurement

While dogs have remarkable abilities for social cognition and communication, the number of words they learn to recognize typically remains very low. The reason for this limited capacity is still unclear. We hypothesized that despite their human-like auditory abilities for analysing speech sounds, their word processing capacities might be less ready to access phonetic details. To test this, we developed procedures for non-invasive measurement of event-related potentials (ERPs) for language stimuli in awake dogs ( n = 17). Dogs listened to familiar instruction words and phonetically similar and dissimilar nonsense words. We compared two different artefact cleaning procedures on the same data; they led to similar results. An early (200–300 ms; only after one of the cleaning procedures) and a late (650–800 ms; after both cleaning procedures) difference was present in the ERPs for known versus phonetically dissimilar nonsense words. There were no differences between the ERPs for known versus phonetically similar nonsense words. ERPs of dogs who heard the instructions more often also showed larger differences between instructions and dissimilar nonsense words. The study revealed not only dogs' sensitivity to known words, but also their limited capacity to access phonetic details. Future work should confirm the reported ERP correlates of word processing abilities in dogs.

scholarly journals Electroencephalographic Correlates and Predictors of Treatment Outcome in OCD: A Brief Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Zaboski ◽  
Elisa F. Stern ◽  
Patrick D. Skosnik ◽  
Christopher Pittenger
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Treatment Algorithms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Literature Base ◽  
Future Work

Electroencephalography (EEG) measures the brain's electrical activity with high temporal resolution. In comparison to neuroimaging modalities such as MRI or PET, EEG is relatively cheap, non-invasive, portable, and simple to administer, making it an attractive tool for clinical deployment. Despite this, studies utilizing EEG to investigate obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are relatively sparse. This contrasts with a robust literature using other brain imaging methodologies. The present review examines studies that have used EEG to examine predictors and correlates of response in OCD and draws tentative conclusions that may guide much needed future work. Key findings include a limited literature base; few studies have attempted to predict clinical change from EEG signals, and they are confounded by the effects of both pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. The most robust literature, consisting of several studies, has examined event-related potentials, including the P300, which several studies have reported to be abnormal at baseline in OCD and to normalize with treatment; but even here the literature is quite heterogeneous, and more work is needed. With more robust research, we suggest that the relatively low cost and convenience of EEG, especially in comparison to fMRI and PET, make it well-suited to the development of feasible personalized treatment algorithms.

Responses to External Emotions or their Transitions at Central to Peripheral Nervous System Levels: A Methodological Contribution to Mental Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-152
Author(s):  
Bingren Zhang ◽  
Chu Wang ◽  
Chanchan Shen ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Psychiatric Problems ◽  
Different Levels

Background: Responses to external emotional-stimuli or their transitions might help to elucidate the scientific background and assist the clinical management of psychiatric problems, but pure emotional-materials and their utilization at different levels of neurophysiological processing are few. Objective: We aimed to describe the responses at central and peripheral levels in healthy volunteers and psychiatric patients when facing external emotions and their transitions. Methods: Using pictures and sounds with pure emotions of Disgust, Erotica, Fear, Happiness, Neutral, and Sadness or their transitions as stimuli, we have developed a series of non-invasive techniques, i.e., the event-related potentials, functional magnetic resonance imaging, excitatory and inhibitory brainstem reflexes, and polygraph, to assess different levels of neurophysiological responses in different populations. Results: Sample outcomes on various conditions were specific and distinguishable at cortical to peripheral levels in bipolar I and II disorder patients compared to healthy volunteers. Conclusions: Methodologically, designs with these pure emotions and their transitions are applicable, and results per se are specifically interpretable in patients with emotion-related problems.

Effect of Perospirone on p300 Electrophysiological Activity and Social Cognition in Schizophrenia: A Three-dimensional Analysis with (s)loreta

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
T. Sumiyoshi ◽  
Y. Higuchi ◽  
T. Itoh ◽  
M. Matsui ◽  
H. Arai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Partial Agonist ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Electrophysiological Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Related Potentials

The purpose of this study was to determine if perospirone, a second generation antipsychotic drug and partial agonist at serotonin-5-HT1A receptors, enhances electrophysiological activity, such as event-related potentials (ERPs), in frontal brain regions, as well as cognitive function in subjects with schizophrenia. P300 current source images were obtained by means of standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) before and after treatment with perospirone for 6 months. Perospirone significantly increased P300 current source density in the left superior frontal gyrus, and improved positive symptoms and performance on the script tasks, a measure of verbal social cognition. Perospirone also tended to enhance verbal learning memory in patients with schizophrenia. There was a significant correlation between the changes in P300 amplitudes on the left frontal lead and those in social cognition. These results suggest the changes in three-dimensional distribution of cortical activity, as demonstrated by sLORETA, may mediate some of the actions of antipsychotic drugs. the distinct cognition-enhancing profile of perospirone may be related to its actions on 5-HT1A receptors.

scholarly journals Embodiment of sleep-related words: evidence from event-related potentials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mareike J. Hülsemann ◽  
Björn Rasch
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
The Body ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Multimodal Networks ◽  
Lying Down

AbstractOur thoughts, plans and intentions can influence physiological sleep, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. According to the theoretical framework of “embodied cognition”, the semantic content of cognitive processes is represented by multimodal networks in the brain which also include body-related functions. Such multimodal representation could offer a mechanism which explains mutual influences between cognition and sleep. In the current study we tested whether sleep-related words are represented in multimodal networks by examining the effect of congruent vs. incongruent body positions on word processing during wakefulness.We experimentally manipulated the body position of 66 subjects (50 females, 16 males, 19-40 years old) between standing upright and lying down. Sleep- and activity-related words were presented around the individual speech recognition threshold to increase task difficulty. Our results show that word processing is facilitated in congruent body positions (sleep words: lying down and activity words: standing upright) compared with incongruent body positions, as indicated by a reduced N400 of the event-related potential (ERP) in the congruent condition with the lowest volume. In addition, early sensory components of the ERP (N180 and P280) were enhanced, suggesting that words were also acoustically better understood when the body position was congruent with the semantic meaning of the word. However, the difference in ERPs did not translate to differences on a behavioural level.Our results support the prediction of embodied processing of sleep- and activity-related words. Body position potentially induces a pre-activation of multimodal networks, thereby enhancing the access to the semantic concepts of words related to current the body position. The mutual link between semantic meaning and body-related function could be a key element in explaining influences of cognitive processing on sleep.

Structure and limited capacity in verbal working memory: A study with event-related potentials

2003 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman H.J. Kolk ◽  
Dorothee J. Chwilla ◽  
Marieke van Herten ◽  
Patrick J.W. Oor
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Related Potentials

Clinical Neurophysiology and Neurotransmitters

Cephalalgia ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Maertens de Noordhout ◽  
W Wang ◽  
J Schoenen
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Neurophysiology ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Temporalis Muscle ◽  
Spinal Interneurons ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Electrophysiological Tests ◽  
Intracortical Circuits ◽  
Related Potentials

Clinical neurophysiology allows non-invasive assessment of neurotransmitter function in various regions of the central and peripheral nervous system. In this review, we describe examples of functional evaluation of neurotransmission at the neuromuscular junction, in some spinal interneurons and intracortical circuits as well as evaluation of pharmacological modulation of some electrophysiological tests. These investigations are carried out to help our understanding of the pathophysiology of brain diseases. Finally, we discuss possible relationships between electrophysiological tests (evoked/event-related potentials and exteroceptive suppression of temporalis muscle activity) and neurotransmitter function in headache.

scholarly journals Mood Induction Differently Affects Early Neural Correlates of Evaluative Word Processing in L1 and L2

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Kissler ◽  
Katarzyna Bromberek-Dyzman
Keyword(s):  
Word Processing ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
First Language ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Happy Mood ◽  
Sad Mood ◽  
L1 And L2

We investigate how mood inductions impact the neural processing of emotional adjectives in one’s first language (L1) and a formally acquired second language (L2). Twenty-three student participants took part in an EEG experiment with two separate sessions. Happy or sad mood inductions were followed by series of individually presented positive, negative, or neutral adjectives in L1 (German) or L2 (English) and evaluative decisions had to be performed. Visual event-related potentials elicited during word processing were analyzed during N1 (125–200 ms), Early Posterior Negativities (EPN, 200–300 ms and 300–400 ms), N400 (350–450 ms), and the Late Positive Potential (LPP, 500–700 ms). Mood induction differentially impacted word processing already on the N1, with stronger left lateralization following happy than sad mood induction in L1, but not in L2. Moreover, regardless of language, early valence modulation was found following happy but not sad mood induction. Over occipital areas, happy mood elicited larger amplitudes of the mood-congruent positive words, whereas over temporal areas mood-incongruent negative words had higher amplitudes. In the EPN-windows, effects of mood and valence largely persisted, albeit with no difference between L1 and L2. N400 amplitude was larger for L2 than for L1. On the LPP, mood-incongruent adjectives elicited larger amplitudes than mood-congruent ones. Results reveal a remarkably early valence-general effect of mood induction on cortical processing, in line with previous reports of N1 as a first marker of contextual integration. Interestingly, this effect differed between L1 and L2. Moreover, mood-congruent effects were found in perceptual processing and mood-incongruent ERP amplification in higher-order evaluative stages.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document