scholarly journals Field assessment of behavioural responses of southern stingrays ( Hypanus americanus ) to acoustic stimuli

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 191544
Author(s):  
Megan F. Mickle ◽  
Rachel H. Pieniazek ◽  
Dennis M. Higgs
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Acoustic Stimuli ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Rest Time ◽  
Field Setting ◽  
Behavioural Audiogram

The ability of elasmobranchs to detect and use sound cues has been heavily debated in previous research and has only recently received revived attention. To properly understand the importance of sound to elasmobranchs, assessing their responses to acoustic stimuli in a field setting is vital. Here, we establish a behavioural audiogram of free-swimming male and female southern stingrays ( Hypanus americanus ) exposed to low-frequency tones. We demonstrate that female stingrays exposed to tones (50–500 Hz) exhibit significant changes in swimming behaviours (increased time spent swimming, decreased rest time, increased surface breaches and increased side swimming with pectoral flapping) at 140 dB re 1 µPa (−2.08 to −2.40 dB re 1 m s −2 ) while males exposed to the same tones did not exhibit a change in these behaviours until 160 dB re 1 µPa (−1.13 to −1.21 dB re 1 m s −2 ). Our results are the first demonstration of field responses to sound in the Batoidea and show a distinct sensitivity to low-frequency acoustic inputs.

Specific behavioural responses triggered by identified mechanosensory receptor cells in the apical field of the giant rotifer Asplanchna sieboldi.

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
K D Joanidopoulos ◽  
W Marwan
Keyword(s):  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Sensory Receptor ◽  
Receptor Specificity ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Mechanical Interference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Stimulation Of

The giant rotifer Asplanchna sieboldi swims by the propulsive effect of thousands of cilia arrayed in clusters around the apical field, which has several mechanosensory structures (sensilla) located at defined positions. Males and females differ in both their patterns of behaviour and their sensory receptor equipment. Unstimulated males swim straight with occasional spontaneous changes in direction until they hit an obstacle with their apical field. Depending on the direction and the strength of the mechanical interference, the animals show different behavioural responses. To analyse the effect of excitation of the apical mechanosensitive sensilla on these responses, males were held on microcapillaries, and the sensitivity of individual sensilla was assayed using micromanipulator-mediated mechanical stimulation. Stimulation of each of the four different types of sensillum triggered a specific and well-defined initial behavioural response. Individual animals behaved identically with respect to the receptor specificity of the responses. The behaviour of free-swimming males upon contact with obstacles or females is discussed on the basis of these results.

Comparison of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials elicited by click and short duration tone burst stimuli

2010 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kumar ◽  
S Kumar Sinha ◽  
A Kumar Bharti ◽  
A Barman
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Tone Burst ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential ◽  
Acoustic Stimuli ◽  
Myogenic Potential ◽  
Electrical Impulses

AbstractIntroduction:Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials are short latency electrical impulses that are produced in response to higher level acoustic stimuli. They are used clinically to diagnose sacculocollic pathway dysfunction.Aim:This study aimed to compare the vestibular evoked myogenic potential responses elicited by click stimuli and short duration tone burst stimuli, in normal hearing individuals.Method:Seventeen subjects participated. In all subjects, we assessed vestibular evoked myogenic potentials elicited by click and short duration tone burst stimuli.Results and conclusion:The latency of the vestibular evoked myogenic potential responses (i.e. the p13 and n23 peaks) was longer for tone burst stimuli compared with click stimuli. The amplitude of the p13–n23 waveform was greater for tone burst stimuli than click stimuli. Thus, the click stimulus may be preferable for clinical assessment and identification of abnormalities as this stimulus has less variability, while a low frequency tone burst stimulus may be preferable when assessing the presence or absence of vestibular evoked myogenic potential responses.

scholarly journals Slowly emerging glycinergic transmission enhances inhibition in the sound localization pathway of the avian auditory system

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Fischl ◽  
Sonia R. Weimann ◽  
Michael G. Kearse ◽  
R. Michael Burger
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Receptor ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Acoustic Stimuli ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Inhibitory Circuitry ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
Prominent Component ◽  
Inhibitory Transmitter ◽  
Glycinergic Inhibition

Localization of low-frequency acoustic stimuli is processed in dedicated neural pathways where coincidence-detecting neurons compare the arrival time of sound stimuli at the two ears, or interaural time disparity (ITD). ITDs occur in the submillisecond range, and vertebrates have evolved specialized excitatory and inhibitory circuitry to compute these differences. Glycinergic inhibition is a computationally significant and prominent component of the mammalian ITD pathway. However, evidence for glycinergic transmission is limited in birds, where GABAergic inhibition has been thought to be the dominant or exclusive inhibitory transmitter. Indeed, previous work showed that GABA antagonists completely eliminate inhibition in avian nuclei specialized for processing temporal features of sound, nucleus magnocellularis (NM) and nucleus laminaris (NL). However, more recent work shows that glycine is coexpressed with GABA in synaptic terminals apposed to neurons in both nuclei (Coleman WL, Fischl MJ, Weimann SR, Burger RM. J Neurophysiol 105: 2405–2420, 2011; Kuo SP, Bradley LA, Trussell LO. J Neurosci 29: 9625–9634, 2009). Here we show complementary evidence of functional glycine receptor (GlyR) expression in NM and NL. Additionally, we show that glycinergic input can be evoked under particular stimulus conditions. Stimulation at high but physiologically relevant rates evokes a slowly emerging glycinergic response in NM and NL that builds over the course of the stimulus. Glycinergic response magnitude was stimulus rate dependent, representing 18% and 7% of the total inhibitory current in NM and NL, respectively, at the end of the 50-pulse, 200-Hz stimulus. Finally, we show that the glycinergic component is functionally relevant, as its elimination reduced inhibition of discharges evoked by current injection into NM neurons.

Artificial hybridization between Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus (Phaeophyceae) from Nova Scotia, Canada

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1133-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang Young Kim ◽  
Stephen J. O'Leary ◽  
David J. Garbary
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Fucus Vesiculosus ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Zygote Development ◽  
Maximum Development

Reciprocal crosses between male and female gametes of Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) LeJolis and Fucus vesiculosus L. were made from plants collected at Tor Bay, Nova Scotia. Crosses within each species were viable and resulted in normal zygote development. Hybrids occurred in low frequency in the cultures (ca. 1–5%) and developed either an initial rhizoid or underwent one or two internal divisions. Hybrid zygotes did not develop further. More developing embryos were observed in crosses when F. vesiculosus provided the eggs, and these zygotes developed longer rhizoids. Maximum development was to three or four cells, which occurred in ca. 10 days. By 5 weeks, all zygotes had disintegrated. Nuclear diameter was the same in both species (6 μm) although almost twice as much nuclear DNA was present in A. nodosum than in F. vesiculosus. Nuclei in hybrids were larger than in the parental species. Key words: Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus, Fucales, hybridization, Phaeophyta.

Effects of extremely low frequency magnetic field on fertility of adult male and female rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 340-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moh'd-Ali Al-Akhras ◽  
Ahmed Elbetieha ◽  
Mohammed-Khair Hasan ◽  
Imaddin Al-Omari ◽  
Homa Darmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Extremely Low Frequency ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Frequency Magnetic Field

SPET Monitoring of Perfusion Changes in Auditory Cortex following Mono- and Multi-Frequency Stimuli

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (04) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetano Paludetti ◽  
Walter di Nardo ◽  
Maria Calcagni ◽  
Daniela di Giuda ◽  
Giovanni Almadori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Reliable Information ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Acoustic Stimuli ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Contralateral Cortex ◽  
The Relationship

Summary Aim: In order to assess the relationship between auditory cortex perfusion and the frequency of acoustic stimuli, twenty normally-hearing subjects underwent cerebral SPET. Methods: In 10 patients a multi-frequency stimulus (250-4000 Hz at 40 dB SL) was delivered, while 10 subjects were stimulated with a 500 Hz pure tone at 40 dB SL. The prestimulation SPET was subtracted from poststimulation study and auditory cortex activation was expressed as percent increments. Results: Contralateral cortex was the most active area with multi-frequency and monofrequency stimuli as well. A clear demonstration of a tonotopic distribution of acoustic stimuli in the auditory cortex was achieved. In addition, the accessory role played by homolateral acoustic areas was confirmed. Conclusion: The results of the present research support the hypothesis that brain SPET may be useful to obtain semiquantitative reliable information on low frequency auditory level in profoundly deaf patients. This may be achieved comparing the extension of the cortical areas activated by high-intensity multifrequency stimuli.

scholarly journals Health-Related Electromagnetic Field Assessment in the Proximity of High Voltage Power Equipment

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Mihaela Frigura-Iliasa ◽  
Felicia Ioana Baloi ◽  
Flaviu Mihai Frigura-Iliasa ◽  
Attila Simo ◽  
Sorin Musuroi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Electrical Field Strength ◽  
Overhead Lines ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Health Related

With respect to health issues, this paperpresents the results of an electromagnetic field (EMF) assessment in the proximity of a high voltage power station located in South Transylvania, Romania. The main parameters taken into account are, according to all standards and recommendations, the RMS (Root Mean Square) value of low frequency (0–300 Hz) electrical field strength E (in kV/m) and magnetic flux density B (in µT). Measurements were performed near all critical pieces of equipment (transformers, switches, busbars, overhead lines), according to the EMF European Directive. Some measurements were made as a function of distance from the HV (high-voltage) equipment, others as a time variation. The main objective was to verify that specific limits are met and, if necessary, to identify protective measures. Finally, safe exposure times for personnel operating at these sites were determined. In the future, detailed maps of EMF variations will be made available to the power companies.

scholarly journals Changes of Physiological Tremor Following Maximum Intensity Exercise in Male and Female Young Swimmers

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Gajewski ◽  
Joanna Mazur-Różycka ◽  
Patrycja Łach ◽  
Sebastian Różycki ◽  
Piotr Żmijewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Maximum Intensity ◽  
Physiological Tremor ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Arm Ergometer ◽  
Anaerobic Test

AbstractPurpose. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in postural physiological tremor following maximum intensity effort performed on arm ergometer by young male and female swimmers. Methods. Ten female and nine male young swimmers served as subjects in the study. Forearm tremor was measured accelerometrically in the sitting position before the 30-second Wingate Anaerobic Test on arm ergometer and then 5, 15 and 30 minutes post-test. Results. Low-frequency tremor log-amplitude (L

Male–male vocal interactions in a territorial neotropical quail: which song characteristics predict a territorial male's response?

Behaviour ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 148 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1103-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Playback Experiment ◽  
Conspecific Male ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Song Rate ◽  
Vocal Behaviour ◽  
Vocal Interactions

AbstractMales singing within their territories can change their song characteristics in order to interact with conspecifics; males may respond to territorial intrusions by vocalizing, approaching the intruder and/or displaying. I studied male–male interactions by quantifying vocal and behavioural responses of male spot-bellied bobwhites (Colinus leucopogon) toward playback of conspecific male songs. Male responses toward playback song depended on the quality of the territorial male's song relative to the playback stimulus. In this species males who sang songs with higher peak and low frequency, longer song duration, and lower song rate were less responsive to simulated territorial intrusions. Spot-bellied bobwhite males that sang in response to the playback increased the low frequencies of their songs relative to pre-playback song, a vocal behaviour related to dominance in males of other species. Males that approached the speaker sang longer songs, a characteristic associated with increased aggression or motivation to fight in other bird species. The results of this playback experiment suggest that male spot-bellied bobwhite song characteristics according to playback characteristics predict response to territorial intrusions and may, therefore, play an important role in male–male interactions.

scholarly journals Suitability of acoustics as non-lethal deterrents for macropodids: the influence of origin, delivery and anti-predator behaviour

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ramp ◽  
Clio Gates Foale ◽  
Erin Roger ◽  
David B. Croft
Keyword(s):  
Species Traits ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Acoustic Stimuli ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
The Family ◽  
Distress Calls ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Predator Behaviour

Context Auditory devices used to deter wildlife are a potentially humane and effective way of minimising deleterious interactions with humans and their livelihoods and have been used successfully for many species around the world. Acoustic cues can be used to manipulate anti-predator behaviour, encouraging animals to forage elsewhere. Employing acoustics derived from natural sources to make use of innate behavioural responses has been suggested to outperform novel or artificial sounds; however, anti-predator strategies vary among sympatric species and will influence the utility of acoustic stimuli for deterring wildlife. Aims We aimed to test the interaction between the source of origin (natural or novel) and species traits (anti-predator strategy – grouping behaviour) on the efficacy of using acoustic stimuli to elicit alarm responses for two species in the family Macropodidae commonly associated with browsing on forest plantation seedlings; the red-necked pademelon (Thylogale thetis) and the red-necked wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus banksianus). Methods We tested these factors in captivity using playback experiments of acoustic stimuli and monitored the behavioural responses of subjects. Results Red-necked pademelons exhibited strong responses to bioacoustic and novel stimuli but did not greatly differentiate among them. Short-term habituation to predator calls was detected whereas responsiveness to novel sounds increased. Red-necked wallabies most strongly responded to conspecific distress calls, showing no sign of short-term habituation. Conclusions Results from the present and other studies suggest that bioacoustic deterrents, particularly those utilising natural conspecific sounds, aimed at communicating danger, have the potential to play an important role in non-lethal wildlife management, although that responsiveness varies with the form of anti-predator strategies employed. Implications If alarm responses translate into subjects vacating targeted areas, then there is some potential to implement non-lethal acoustic deterrents for macropodids alongside other management measures aimed at preventing impacts on primary production. Problematically, our experiments showed that without accurate acoustic delivery, particularly of sounds with infrasonic components, the development of effective bioacoustic deterrents may remain stymied.

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