scholarly journals Orangutans ( Pongo pygmaeus ) recognize their own past actions

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 181497
Author(s):  
Yuki Hanazuka ◽  
Mika Shimizu ◽  
Hidemasa Takaoka ◽  
Akira Midorikawa
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Pongo Pygmaeus ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Preferential Looking ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
The Relationship

The ability to recognize oneself in a mirror is known as self-recognition, whereas delayed self-recognition is the ability to recognize the relationship between current self and past actions. While 3-year-old human children have self-recognition without the ability for delayed self-recognition, 4-year-old human children demonstrate the capability for both. Chimpanzees, the most closely related species to humans, have displayed the ability for delayed self-recognition. However, little is known about whether this ability is shared among all hominid species. In this study, we examined whether orangutans, the most distantly related species to humans within the hominid group, could recognize their own past actions using the preferential-looking paradigm. Our results demonstrated that orangutans were able to discriminate between a delayed video of themselves presented after a 2-s delay and a recorded video of the day prior. This suggests that orangutans have the ability to relate their own past actions to current actions, although we found no evidence of self-directed behaviour. We believe these findings will contribute to our growing understanding of hominid self-recognition.

BIOSYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS EUXOA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) XIII. FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON HEMOCYTOLOGICAL DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN SPECIES

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (7) ◽  
pp. 771-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractThe length of mature, fusiform plasmatocytes is a suitable character for distinguishing between last instar larvae of the closely related species Euxoa annir (Streck) and E. lutulenta (Smith). This is a consistent character for a number of Euxoa species, but unreliable in E. altera (McD) where it changed in constant fashion during this stage. The relationship between plasmatocyte length and the duration of aestivation was also examined and showed no clear correlation.

Morphological and molecular characterisation of Aporcelaimellus nigeriensis sp. n. (Dorylaimida: Aporcelaimidae), a remarkable dorylaim from Nigeria

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 867-877
Author(s):  
Milad Rashidifard ◽  
Tesleem T. Bello ◽  
Hendrika Fourie ◽  
Danny L. Coyne ◽  
Reyes Peña-Santiago
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Ventral Side ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Neck Length ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
A New Species

Summary A new species of Aporcelaimellus, collected in a watermelon field in Nigeria, is described, including its morphological and molecular (D2-D3 28S-rDNA, 18r-DNA) characterisation. Aporcelaimellus nigeriensis sp. n. is distinguishable by its 2.76-3.55 mm length, very coarse ventral body pores, lip region offset by deep constriction and 24-27 μm broad odontostyle 30-36 μm long at its dorsal and 28-31 μm at its ventral side, neck 648-779 μm long, pharyngeal expansion occupying 54-60% of total neck length, uterus 300-473 μm or 2.1-3.2 body diam. long and tripartite, V = 49-54, tail short and convex conoid (27-41 μm, c = 72-115, c′ = 0.5-0.7), spicules 108-137 μm long, and 9-10 spaced ventromedian supplements with hiatus. LSU analysis revealed a close relationship of A. nigeriensis sp. n. with other Aporcelaimellus species and questioned, once more, the monophyly of Aporcelaimidae. SSU phylogenetic tree was not able to resolve the relationship between the new species and other closely related species.

INSECTS EMERGING FROM BROWN SLIME FLUXES IN SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. James Cole ◽  
Frederick A. Streams
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
New England ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Cosmopolitan Species ◽  
Southern New England ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Drosophila Robusta

AbstractSamples were taken weekly from 11 June to 1 October 1968 from brown slime fluxes occurring on trees (mostly elms) in Rockport, Mass., and in central and eastern areas of Connecticut and held in the laboratory for the emergence of adult insects.The most common emergents were Aulacigaster leucopeza (Meigen) and its parasite, Aphaereta colei Marsh, Mycetobia divergens (Walker), and Dasyhelea oppressa Thomsen. The only drosophilid reared from brown slime flux was Drosophila robusta Sturtevant, a species that was not particularly common.A comparison of the brown flux fauna of Great Britain with that of New England shows that some cosmopolitan species occur in flux in both countries. Species whose distribution is limited to only one of the countries are represented in the other country by closely related species (ecological homologues).The relationship between climatological factors and the fluxing condition of trees is discussed. The factor considered most important in continuing the fluxing state is rainfall during the late summer months.

Molecular phylogenetics of species of Bulbophyllum sect. Trias (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae; Malaxidae) based on nrITS and plastid rbcL and matK

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 226 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Passorn Wonnapinij ◽  
Ajaraporn Sriboonlert
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Nuclear Region ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Vegetative Characters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Phylogenetic relationships among species of Bulbophyllum sect. Trias and related taxa in Bulbophyllum has not been previously studied due to scarcity of appropriate samples. In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship of these taxa and investigate interspecific relationships of these orchids using DNA sequences from two plastid genes, rbcL and matK, and one nuclear region, nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer, nrITS. Our results showed that all Bulbophyllum sect. Trias species were embedded among other groups of Bulbophyllum, supporting the already published transfer of Trias to synonymy of Bulbophyllum. All trees revealed that the Indochinese sect. Trias form a monophyletic group that could be divided into three groups coincident with their vegetative characters. This study further shows that nrITS sequences can be sufficient for inferring phylogenetic relationship among Trias species, although this marker and the combination of this plus the plastid genes are not able to distinguish the differences between some closely related species.

Radiolsotopes as metabolic labels for Glossina (Diptera: Glossinidae). I. Laboratory determination of the relationship between radioisotope metabolism, respiration and temperature

1978 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Metabolic Label ◽  
Laboratory Determination ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe turnover of the radioisotope 137Cs is shown to be of a one-component nature and to be positively correlated with temperature for males of both Glossina morsitans Westw. and G. pallidipes Aust. A direct correlation with oxygen consumption is also demonstrated, and the relation for both species may be described by the same regression line. The feasibility of using 137Cs as a metabolic label for tsetse is therefore confirmed, and it is suggested that the predictive nature of the relationship between radioisotope turnover and metabolism may extend beyond closely related species.

Relationships among morphology, geography, and interfertility in Medicago

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Small ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Morphological Divergence ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Geographical Separation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Numerical Examination

A numerical examination was conducted of the relationships among 99 morphological characters, geographical distribution, and ability to hybridize among the 55 species of the Old World genus Medicago (Leguminosae) currently recognized. Nearest morphological neighbours were found to be much more likely to be crossable than other species combinations. More than half of the species combinations proved to have sympatric geographical ranges. Sympatric species were not found to be significantly more crossable than nonsympatric species. Sympatry was not found to be significantly different in frequency among closely related species than among less closely related species. Using Lefkovitch's measure of biogeographical distance, a positive relationship between morphological divergence and geographical separation was demonstrated. However, the relationship was not strong. This may be due to the very large mean intercentroid distance found between the 54 pairs of nearest morphological neighbours, about 2800 km. This suggests that geographical divergence has developed so extensively between even the most closely related species of Medicago that random species migrations have substantially obscured relationships.

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