scholarly journals Structure of [60]fullerene with a mobile lithium cation inside

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 180337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinobu Aoyagi ◽  
Kazuhira Miwa ◽  
Hiroshi Ueno ◽  
Hiroshi Okada ◽  
Yutaka Matsuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Lithium Cation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Charge Densities ◽  
Orientation Disorder ◽  
Cubic Structure ◽  
Orientation Ordering

The structure of crystalline [60]fullerene with a lithium cation inside (Li + @C 60 ) was determined by synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction measurements to understand the electrostatic and thermal properties of the encapsulated Li + cation. Although the C 60 cages show severe orientation disorder in [Li + @C 60 ](TFPB − )·C 4 H 10 O and [Li + @C 60 ](TFSI − )·CH 2 Cl 2 , the Li + cations are rather ordered at specific positions by electrostatic interactions with coordinated anions outside the C 60 cage. The Li + @C 60 molecules in [Li + @C 60 ](ClO 4 − ) with a rock-salt-type cubic structure are fully disordered with almost uniform spherical shell charge densities even at 100 K by octahedral coordination of ClO 4 − tetrahedra and show no orientation ordering, unlike [Li + @C 60 ](PF 6 − ) and pristine C 60 . Single-bonded (Li + @C 60 − ) 2 dimers in [Li + @C 60 − ](NiOEP)⋅CH 2 Cl 2 are thermally stable even at 400 K and form Li + –C bonds which are shorter than Li + –C bonds in [Li + @C 60 ](PF 6 − ) and suppress the rotational motion of the Li + cations.

scholarly journals X-ray imaging of silicon die within fully packaged semiconductor devices

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Brian K. Tanner ◽  
Patrick J. McNally ◽  
Andreas N. Danilewsky
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Monochromatic Radiation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Divergent Beam ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Setting Process ◽  
Diffraction Imaging ◽  
Lattice Planes

X-ray diffraction imaging (XRDI) (topography) measurements of silicon die warpage within fully packaged commercial quad-flat no-lead devices are described. Using synchrotron radiation, it has been shown that the tilt of the lattice planes in the Analog Devices AD9253 die initially falls, but after 100 °C, it rises again. The twist across the die wafer falls linearly with an increase in temperature. At 200 °C, the tilt varies approximately linearly with position, that is, displacement varies quadratically along the die. The warpage is approximately reversible on cooling, suggesting that it has a simple paraboloidal form prior to encapsulation; the complex tilt and twisting result from the polymer setting process. Feasibility studies are reported, which demonstrate that a divergent beam and quasi-monochromatic radiation from a sealed X-ray tube can be used to perform warpage measurements by XRDI in the laboratory. Existing tools have limitations because of the geometry of the X-ray optics, resulting in applicability only to simple warpage structures. The necessary modifications required for use in situations of complex warpage, for example, in multiple die interconnected packages are specified.

scholarly journals Inverse Design of Fe-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses Using Machine Learning

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 729
Author(s):  
Junhyub Jeon ◽  
Namhyuk Seo ◽  
Hwi-Jun Kim ◽  
Min-Ha Lee ◽  
Hyun-Kyu Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Metallic Glasses ◽  
Alloy Composition ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Bulk Metallic Glasses ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ann Models ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

Fe-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are a unique class of materials that are attracting attention in a wide variety of applications owing to their physical properties. Several studies have investigated and designed the relationships between alloy composition and thermal properties of BMGs using an artificial neural network (ANN). The limitation of the wide-scale use of these models is that the required composition is yet to be found despite numerous case studies. To address this issue, we trained an ANN to design Fe-based BMGs that predict the thermal properties. Models were trained using only the composition of the alloy as input and were created from a database of more than 150 experimental data of Fe-based BMGs from relevant literature. We adopted these ANN models to design BMGs with thermal properties to satisfy the intended purpose using particle swarm optimization. A melt spinner was employed to fabricate the designed alloys. X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis tests were used to evaluate the specimens.

Visualization of spontaneous electronic polarization in Pb ion of ferroelectric PbTiO3 by synchrotron-radiation x-ray diffraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (25) ◽  
pp. 252905
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Abe ◽  
Sangwook Kim ◽  
Chikako Moriyoshi ◽  
Yuuki Kitanaka ◽  
Yuji Noguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electronic Polarization ◽  
X Ray

Refinement of the crystal structure of sieleckiite and revision of its symmetry

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-922
Author(s):  
Peter Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Diffraction Data ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Aluminium Phosphate ◽  
Unit Cell Parameters ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Phosphate Mineral

AbstractThe crystal structure of the copper aluminium phosphate mineral sieleckiite, Cu3Al4(PO4)2 (OH)12·2H2O, from the Mt Oxide copper mine, Queensland, Australia was solved from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data utilizing synchrotron radiation. Sieleckiite has monoclinic rather than triclinic symmetry as previously reported and is space group C2/m with unit-cell parameters a = 11.711(2), b = 6.9233(14), c = 9.828(2) Å, β = 92.88(3)°, V = 795.8(3) Å3and Z = 2. The crystal structure, which has been refined to R1 = 0.0456 on the basis of 1186 unique reflections with Fo > 4σF, is a framework of corner-, edge- and face- sharing Cu and Al octahedra and PO4 tetrahedra.

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