scholarly journals Recent advances in multidimensional ultrafast spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 171425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Phase ◽  
Ultrafast Spectroscopy ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Vibrational States ◽  
Phase Dynamics ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Frequency Domains ◽  
Spectroscopic Probes ◽  
Functional Nanomaterial

Multidimensional ultrafast spectroscopies are one of the premier tools to investigate condensed phase dynamics of biological, chemical and functional nanomaterial systems. As they reach maturity, the variety of frequency domains that can be explored has vastly increased, with experimental techniques capable of correlating excitation and emission frequencies from the terahertz through to the ultraviolet. Some of the most recent innovations also include extreme cross-peak spectroscopies that directly correlate the dynamics of electronic and vibrational states. This review article summarizes the key technological advances that have permitted these recent advances, and the insights gained from new multidimensional spectroscopic probes.

Recent trends in nanozymes design: from materials and structures to environmental applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo A S Ballesteros ◽  
Luiza Mercante ◽  
Augusto Alvarenga ◽  
Murilo Henrique Moreira Facure ◽  
Rodrigo Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Applications ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Recent Trends

A large variety of engineered nanostructures possessing enzyme-like activities have been proposed recently, which unique physical-chemical characteristics enable remarkable technological advances. In this review, we survey recent advances on nanozymes...

scholarly journals Recent developments in voltammetric and amperometric sensors for cysteine detection

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 5411-5425
Author(s):  
Somayeh Tajik ◽  
Zahra Dourandish ◽  
Peyman Mohammadzadeh Jahani ◽  
Iran Sheikhshoaie ◽  
Hadi Beitollahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Amperometric Sensors ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Amperometric Sensing

This review article aims to provide an overview of the recent advances in the voltammetric and amperometric sensing of cysteine (Cys).

scholarly journals Recent approaches in the organocatalytic synthesis of pyrroles

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 13585-13601
Author(s):  
Biplob Borah ◽  
Kartikey Dhar Dwivedi ◽  
L. Raju Chowhan
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Recent Advances

Recent advances for the synthesis of pyrroles by employing organocatalysis are summarized in this review article.

scholarly journals Recent advances in understanding and preventing human papillomavirus-related disease

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Hellner ◽  
Lucy Dorrell
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Therapeutic Vaccines ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Prophylactic Vaccination

High-risk human papillomaviruses (hrHPV) are responsible for anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers, which together account for at least 5% of cancers worldwide. Industrialised nations have benefitted from highly effective screening for the prevention of cervical cancer in recent decades, yet this vital intervention remains inaccessible to millions of women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), who bear the greatest burden of HPV disease. While there is an urgent need to increase investment in basic health infrastructure and rollout of prophylactic vaccination, there are now unprecedented opportunities to exploit recent scientific and technological advances in screening and treatment of pre-invasive hrHPV lesions and to adapt them for delivery at scale in resource-limited settings. In addition, non-surgical approaches to the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and other hrHPV lesions are showing encouraging results in clinical trials of therapeutic vaccines and antiviral agents. Finally, the use of next-generation sequencing to characterise the vaginal microbial environment is beginning to shed light on host factors that may influence the natural history of HPV infections. In this article, we focus on recent advances in these areas and discuss their potential for impact on HPV disease.

scholarly journals Recent advances in understanding HIV evolution

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie M. Andrews ◽  
Sarah Rowland-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Viral Diversity ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Generation Times ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Hiv Evolution

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) evolves rapidly owing to the combined activity of error-prone reverse transcriptase, recombination, and short generation times, leading to extensive viral diversity both within and between hosts. This diversity is a major contributing factor in the failure of the immune system to eradicate the virus and has important implications for the development of suitable drugs and vaccines to combat infection. This review will discuss the recent technological advances that have shed light on HIV evolution and will summarise emerging concepts in this field.

scholarly journals Soil Microbial Biogeography in a Changing World: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

mSystems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Chu ◽  
Gui-Feng Gao ◽  
Yuying Ma ◽  
Kunkun Fan ◽  
Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbial Biogeography ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Global Change Scenarios ◽  
Changing World

ABSTRACT Soil microbial communities are fundamental to maintaining key soil processes associated with litter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and plant productivity and are thus integral to human well-being. Recent technological advances have exponentially increased our knowledge concerning the global ecological distributions of microbial communities across space and time and have provided evidence for their contribution to ecosystem functions. However, major knowledge gaps in soil biogeography remain to be addressed over the coming years as technology and research questions continue to evolve. In this minireview, we state recent advances and future directions in the study of soil microbial biogeography and discuss the need for a clearer concept of microbial species, projections of soil microbial distributions toward future global change scenarios, and the importance of embracing culture and isolation approaches to determine microbial functional profiles. This knowledge will be critical to better predict ecosystem functions in a changing world.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Ultrafast Structural Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germán Sciaini
Keyword(s):  
Structural Dynamics ◽  
Free Electron Laser ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Plasma Sources ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Computer Simulators ◽  
Electron Pulses

A review that summarizes the most recent technological developments in the field of ultrafast structural dynamics with focus on the use of ultrashort X-ray and electron pulses follows. Atomistic views of chemical processes and phase transformations have long been the exclusive domain of computer simulators. The advent of femtosecond (fs) hard X-ray and fs-electron diffraction techniques made it possible to bring such a level of scrutiny to the experimental area. The following review article provides a summary of the main ultrafast techniques that enabled the generation of atomically resolved movies utilizing ultrashort X-ray and electron pulses. Recent advances are discussed with emphasis on synchrotron-based methods, tabletop fs-X-ray plasma sources, ultrabright fs-electron diffractometers, and timing techniques developed to further improve the temporal resolution and fully exploit the use of intense and ultrashort X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) pulses.

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