scholarly journals A simple route to a novel acid-sensitive 20( S )- O -linked camptothecin norcantharidin acid ester derivative

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 170842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changkuo Zhao ◽  
Xianheng Wang ◽  
Fuhong Yang ◽  
Lei Gao ◽  
Yuhe Wang
Keyword(s):  
Acid Ester ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Synthetic Method ◽  
Synthetic Compound ◽  
Similar Activity ◽  
Simple Route ◽  
Ester Derivative ◽  
Tumour Cell Lines ◽  
Working Procedure

A facile synthetic method was developed for a novel acid-sensitive camptothecin norcantharidin acid ester derivative I . The total yield can reach 71%. This method provides several advantages, including high yield and simple working procedure for the synthesis of analogues. The new synthetic compound I has been shown to exhibit better solubility and similar activity against tumour cell lines.

4-Hydroxy Pyridinium Triflate@SiO2 Nanoparticles as a Novel Efficient Catalyst for Fries Rearrangement of Aryl Esters with High Selectivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 654-660
Author(s):  
Shermineh Sadat Ghalehbandi ◽  
Dadkhoda Ghazanfari ◽  
Sayed Ali Ahmadi ◽  
Enayatollah Sheikhhosseini
Keyword(s):  
High Selectivity ◽  
Sio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Synthetic Method ◽  
Functionalized Silica ◽  
Efficient Catalyst ◽  
Fries Rearrangement ◽  
Free Condition ◽  
Solvent Free Condition ◽  
Work Up

Introduction: We developed a simple, fast and new method for the Fries rearrangement of aryl esters. Materials and Methods: 4-Hydroxy pyridinium triflate functionalized silica is a very efficient, reusable and economically available catalyst for the Fries rearrangement in solvent-free condition and under microwave irradiation. Results and Discussion: Also, a notable selectivity was observed in the presence of 4-hydroxy pyridinium triflate functionalized silica. Conclusion: Selectivity, shorter reaction time, high yield, and easy work-up are advantages of this synthetic method.

STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF A DIBENZO[a,g]QUINOLIZINE ANALOG OF 18-HYDROXYALLOYOHIMBANE

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 2545-2550
Author(s):  
B. Belleau ◽  
D. Dvornik
Keyword(s):  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Acid Ester ◽  
Stereospecific Synthesis ◽  
Synthetic Method ◽  
Pharmacological Properties

Starting from 4-cyclohexene-cis-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, the stereospecific synthesis of the dibenzo[a,g]quinolizine analog IV of epialloyohimbane is described. The synthetic method of approach is outlined in Chart 1. As the trimethoxybenzoic acid ester, the base IV proved to be devoid of significant pharmacological properties.

scholarly journals Comparative studies of some white wine cultivars in the sub-region of Belgrade and Nis

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Branislava Sivcev ◽  
Dragoslav Cvetkovic ◽  
Nevena Petrovic ◽  
Ivana Popadic
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
White Wine ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Climatic Characteristics

In two wine-growing areas with different climatic characteristics 12 cultivars intended for the production of white wines were studied. The climatic characteristics include: mean annual air temperatures, mean vegetation air temperatures, heliothermal coefficient, hydrothermal coefficient and active temperatures sum from the moment of the growth of shoots to their full maturity for each studied cultivar. Elements of buds fruitfulness (6 features in total), yield, cluster mass, sugar quantity and grape quality were observed in both localities. In the vineyards of Grocka and Kutina high yielding varieties Ugni blanc and Dimyat can be grown with great success. Italian Riezling produced higher yields and better quality of unfermented grape juice in the vineyards of Grocka in comparison with the vineyards of Kutina. Pinot blanc in both localities was characterized by high yield, but the quality of unfermented grape juice was better in the vineyards of Grocka. Variety Rkaciteli produced high yield and good quality of unfermented grape juice in the experimental period in the vineyards of Kutina.

Notizen: Anorganische Polyederverbindungen, II. Zintls „Polyanionige Salze“: Darstellung der kristallinen Verbindungen [Na4 · 7 en] Sn9, [Na4 · 5 en]Ge9 und [Na3 · 4 en] Sb7. Die Kristallstruktur des [Na4 · 7 en] Sn9 / Inorganic Polyhedral Compounds, II. Inorganic Polyhedral Compoinds, II1 Zintl’s “Polyanionic Salts”: Synthesis of the Crystalline Compounds [Na4 · 7 en]Sn9, [Na4 · 5 en]Ge9 and [Na3 · 4 en]Sb7. The Crystal Structure of [Na4 · 7 en]Sn9

1976 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Diehl ◽  
K. Khodadadeh ◽  
D. Kummer ◽  
J. Strähle
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Trigonal Prism ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Synthetic Method ◽  
Tricapped Trigonal Prism

Upon use of a synthetic method reported earlier by us respective alloys of Na/Sn, Na/Ge and Na/Sb are dissolved in ethylenediamine and the title compounds precipitated from the solutions in high yield. By recrystallisation well shaped, stable crystals are obtained. The crystal structure of [Na4 · 7 en]Sn9 confirms the presence of a Sn94---polyhedron which had been suggested by us on the basis of other investigations. The Sn94--polyhedron may be described as a distorted tricapped trigonal prism. Ethylenediamine is coordinated to Na+-ions exclusively.

Agronomic value and morphophysiological diversity of non-Ladino Italian white clover wild populations compared with variety germplasm

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Annicchiarico
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wild Populations

Non-Ladino Italian white clover wild populations are widespread in hill and mountain areas of the Alps and northern Apennines. The agronomic value of these populations is unknown. This study was based on results of four experiments and had the following objectives: (i) comparing 11 small-leaved or medium-leaved wild populations from these areas with eight medium-leaved or large-leaved varieties of different origin and one wild population from Sardinia, for forage yield in a mown association with cocksfoot, forage yield under sheep grazing, seed yield, forage quality, and 14 vegetative or reproductive traits; (ii) investigating the relationships among traits; (iii) assessing the association of individual trait expression with the environments of origin of the wild populations. Clover competitive ability was greater in large-leaved material, tended to imply higher total yield of the association, and was unrelated to clover yield under grazing. Most wild populations from northern Italy were acyanogenic, several exhibited high yield under grazing and high seed yield, and one medium-leaved wild population outperformed any medium-leaved variety for forage and seed yield traits. Higher altitude of collecting site of these populations was related to lower forage yield and smaller size of some traits. Pasture collecting habitat implied greater adaptation to grazing than woodland, greater competitive ability than wasteland, and several morphophysiological differences relative to populations collected from wasteland or meadow. The Sardinian wild population displayed low seed yield and high cyanogenic potential, whereas the Ladino variety Giga was top-performing for forage yield in association and seed yield. Several vegetative and reproductive traits showed covariation. The generated results can drive the exploitation of non-Ladino genetic resources from northern Italy.

Monomethyl β-Methylglutarate of New Synthetic Methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 960-961 ◽  
pp. 134-137
Author(s):  
Feng Wei He ◽  
Tong Liu ◽  
Ya Qin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Acid Ester ◽  
Glutaric Acid ◽  
Addition Reaction ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
High Yield

Malonate ethyl ester of butene in the presence of sodium hydroxide was synthesized by addition reaction of 2-methyl propane-1,1,3 tricarboxylic acid ester, by hydrolysis decarboxylation heatingβ-methyl glutaric acid. First with excess of methanol into methyl metaplasiaβ-methyl dimethyl glutarate, and then itsβ-methyl glutaric acid methylation, get high yield of monomethyl β-methylglutarate.

Macroporous ZnO Nanofilms and its Electrochemical Hydrogen Storage Ability

2012 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 815-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Na Meng ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
Guo Li Zhang ◽  
Long Qiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Synthetic Method ◽  
Hydrogen Storage Capacity ◽  
Electrochemical Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Storage Ability

Macroporous ZnO nanofilms were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal reaction. The products exhibit noticable hydrogen storage capacity and big BET surface area. The present work shows that the nanostructures of products are important to their electrochemical hydrogen storage performances. On the other hand, the low cost, convenient process, good reproducibility, high yield, and clean reactions of the present synthetic method make it possible to scale it up to industrial production.

scholarly journals Genetic Parameters and Breeding for Yield in Red Raspberry

2012 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Joseph Stephens ◽  
Peter A. Alspach ◽  
Ron A. Beatson ◽  
Chris Winefield ◽  
Emily J. Buck
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Small Fruit

For most small fruit-breeding programs, high yield is a key objective and breeders face a number of challenges breeding for high yield, including interaction of environmental influences and the high cost of yield measurements. Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) yield is determined by a number of yield components (YC), including cane number, cane length, number of fruiting laterals, fruit numbers, and fruit size. The ultimate goal for breeders would be to be able to select for high-yield genotypes using key YC as early in the life of the plant as possible. In this study we set out to determine how individual components of yield are inherited, determine which components contribute the most to total yield, and investigate whether it is possible using key components to make selections for high-yielding genotypes on 1- and 2-year-old plants. We estimated variance components, heritabilities, phenotypic and genotypic correlations, and breeding values for yield and YC from 1008 genotypes based on 85 families derived from 45 parents harvested over three seasons in Washington state. Narrow-sense heritability estimates varied from moderately low [0.2 for number of canes (NCAN)] to moderately high [0.69 for berry weight (BWT)]. In general, all YCs were positively correlated with total yield (TYLD). The highest genetic correlation with TYLD was found for BWT (0.8), followed by cane length (CLEN) (0.54) and number of fruit per lateral (NFRT) (0.5). NCAN had the lowest genetic correlation with TYLD (–0.03). Genotype × year (G×Y) interaction was higher for some YCs than others. Berry weight, lateral length (LLEN), and NFRT were found to be the most stable overall seasons and the interaction was higher between the first and second years than between the second and third years of the study. To determine the most important YC, we calculated the correlations between the product of all combinations of subsets of the YC breeding values and TYLD. Berry weight, CLEN, and cane diameter (CDIA) were found to be the most important for 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively. The two most important YCs were LLEN and BWT and this was consistent overall seasons. We demonstrate that it is possible to select high-yielding genotypes by measuring key components such as LLEN, CLEN, and BWT in the first and second fruiting seasons.

A malonic acid ester derivative of naringin in grapefruit

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 4198-4200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Berhow ◽  
Raymond D. Bennett ◽  
Katherine Kanes ◽  
Stephen M. Poling ◽  
Carl E. Vandercook
Keyword(s):  
Malonic Acid ◽  
Acid Ester ◽  
Ester Derivative

Synthesis and Evaluation of Clozapine and its Related Compounds

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 762-767
Author(s):  
Nagaraju Garipelli ◽  
B Madhava Reddy ◽  
Jithan AV
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Synthetic Method ◽  
Similar Activity ◽  
Neuropharmacological Activity ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Impurity Profiling ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Related Compounds

Clozapine (8-chloro-11- (4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine) is a dibenzodiazepine derivative, used in the treatment of schizophrenia. The present work aimed to develop a new modified method for the synthesis of clozapine and also impurity profiling which is mandatory by the regulatory bodies. Present synthetic method for clozapine has the advantages over the previous processes in respect of safety, cost and efficiency. Impurity profiling indicated that 8-chloro-10, 11-dihydro-11-oxo-5H-dibenzo [b, e] [1, 4] diazepine, clozapine dimer, desmethyl clozapine, and clozapine N-oxide are very minor impurities in the synthesis of Clozapine. These compounds were confirmed by analytical data. The impurities were also synthesized and evaluated for the neuropharmacological activity. The study revealed that three of four impurities have decreased the locomotor activity in mice, which indicates the similar activity compared to clozapine as antidepressant

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