scholarly journals Essential oil optimizes the susceptibility of Callosobruchus maculatus and enhances the nutritional qualities of stored cowpea Vigna unguiculata

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 170692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazarin Akami ◽  
Hamada Chakira ◽  
Awawing A. Andongma ◽  
Kanjana Khaeso ◽  
Olajire A. Gbaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Subsequent Degradation ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Lippia Adoensis

The intensive use of synthetic pesticides in cowpea storage has led to the development of resistance by Callosobruchus maculatus and subsequent degradation of grain quality. In an attempt to circumvent these constraints, the susceptibility of C. maculatus to 2,2-dichlorovinyldimethyl phosphate (DDVP) and Lippia adoensis essential oil (EO) was investigated and variations in the proportions of nutritional values of treated grains 150 days after storage were assessed. The survival rate was recorded after five generations. The resistance index and biochemical parameters of grains were determined. The results from this study revealed that the survival rate and resistance index significantly increased proportionally with damage in DDVP treatments ( r  = 0.889; p  = 0.018) while in EO treatments, those values remained low without significant variations ( p  = 0.0764) throughout the generations. DDVP stored grains yielded higher crude protein values, but lower carbohydrates, tannins, phenolics and minerals compared to EO. Eighteen amino acids were detected in EO treated grains and 14 in DDVP which was devoid of albumin and prolamin. Lippia adoensis EO could therefore represent a safe alternative bio-pesticide to cope with insect resistance and enhance the nutritional qualities of stored cowpea seeds.

Insecticidal effects of Thuja occidentalis (Cupressaceae) essential oil on Callosobruchus maculatus [Coleoptera: Bruchidae]

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sékou Moussa Kéïta ◽  
Charles Vincent ◽  
Jean-Pierre Schmidt ◽  
John Thor Arnason
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Control Application ◽  
And Control ◽  
Lethal Doses

Analysis of Thuja occidentalis L. essential oil used for insect fumigation by phase gas chromatography revealed the presence of 22 compounds including α-thujone (49.64%), fenchone (14.06%), and β-thujone (8.98%). Fumigation of adult bruchids with the oil alone resulted in lethal doses (LD50) of 1.1, 0.7, 0.5 and 0.2 μL/insect after 3, 6, 9 and 12 h, respectively. When insects were treated with aromatized powder, significant differences were also found between treatments and control. Application of 100 mg of powder aromatized at 3 μL essential oil g–1 on bruchid pairs lead to 95% mortality of females and 100% of males with 0% of mortality in the control after 6 h exposure. Five days after their deposit, egg hatching was 1.2% (treated with kaolin powder aromatized with T. occidentalis essential oil), 41% (with kaolin alone) and 44% of eggs (control without kaolin). In the same experiment, adult emergence of 80% (in treatments with kaolin alone), 100% in control (without kaolin) and 0% (with kaolin aromatized with T. occidentalis essential oil) were recorded 30 d after treatment. Germination of cowpea seeds was not significantly affected by the treatments. Five days after sowing, germination was 88, 97 and 97%, respectively, when cowpea grains were treated and exposed, treated and unexposed, untreated and unexposed, respectively, while those untreated and exposed had 15% germination. Key words: Thuja occidentalis, Callosobruchus maculatus, essential oil, kaolin, fumigation, ethnobotany.

The efficacy of essential oil of Alpinia calcarata (Rosc.) and its major constituent, 1,8-cineole, as protectants of cowpea against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 821-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishanthi Abeywickrama ◽  
A. A. C. K. Adhikari ◽  
Priyani Paranagama ◽  
Chammi S. Palehepitiya Gamage
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Cowpea Seeds

The bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus, (F.) causes major losses during the storage of cowpea seeds [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] in Sri Lanka. Essential oil was extracted from Alpinia calcarata (Rosc.) and 1,8-cineole, identified as the major constituent of the essential oil, was tested for its potential insecticidal activity against C. maculatus. The adults of C. maculatus were susceptible to both fumigant toxicity and contact and fumigant toxicity of 1,8-cineole and A. calcarata oil. In the fumigant toxicity assay, the LC50 (0.685 g L-1) value of 1,8-cineole was similar to that of A. calcarata oil. However, LC50 values of 0.068 g L-1 and 0.141 g L-1 were obtained for the contact and fumigant toxicity of 1,8-cineole and A. calcarata oil, respectively. Oviposition and F1 adult emergence were significantly inhibited by 1,8-cineole and A. calcarata oil at concentrations higher than 0.80 g L-1 in the fumigant toxicity and 0.123 g L-1 in the contact plus fumigant toxicity. Repellent activity of A. calcarata oil was more potent to C. maculatus than 1,8-cineole at doses ranging from 10 to 40 mg. This study reveals that 1,8-cineole is the most toxic component present in A. calcarata oil, and that the repellent activity of A. calcarata oil could be due to 1,8-cineole as well as the other constituents present in the essential oil. Key words: Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), Alpinia calcarata (Rosc.), 1,8-cineole, essential oils, cowpea

scholarly journals Insecticidal Activity of Powder and Essential Oils of Vepris heterophylla (Rutaceae) and Syzygium aromaticum (Mytaceae) Towards Callosobruchus maculatus F. walp (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) on Post-Harvest Vigna unguiculata (Fabaceae) in the Far-North Region of Cameroon

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-112
Author(s):  
Matseu Sakou Gerardine Noël ◽  
Ngatanko Illiassa ◽  
Kouninki Habiba ◽  
Nukenine Nchiwan Elias
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
The Individual

The bioinsecticidal effect of powders and essential oils of S. aromaticum (L.) flower buds and V. heterophylla (Engl.) leaves against adult cowpea weevil C. maculatus was studied. Powders were tested by direct contact only while essential oils were tested by direct contact and indirect contact (inhalation and repellency). In 500 mL glass jars, the individual and combined powders were applied to 100 g of cowpea seeds at 0.5 g, 1 g, 1.5 g and 2 g doses for both leaves and flower buds of V. heterophylla and S. aromaticum respectively. The essential oils were also applied individually and after equilibrium combination on 50 g of cowpea at 4 µL/mL, 8 µL/mL, 12 µL/mL, 16 µL/mL. All the infestations were then achieved by adding 20 bruchids of 48 h old. The essential oil obtained was purified and analyzed with Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). 72 h after the individual treatment, 100% mortality was obtained at 2 g dose for V. heterophylla and 0.5 g dose for S. aromaticum compared to the control jars (1%). The combined powders were found to be more effective with 100% of mortality at a dose 1 g after 48 h of exposure. For essential oils, 100% and 90% of mortality were obtained respectively at 8 µL/mL dose for S. aromaticum (160 µL/kg) and 16 µL/mL dose for V. heterophylla (320 µL/kg) 72 h after treatment. In addition, the essential oil of S. aromaticum showed relatively higher repellant properties with an average repellency percentage of PR = 89.37% than that of V. heterophylla (PR = 70.62%). 100% of mortality was induced after inhalation of essential oils of S. aromaticum and V. heterophylla at doses 10 µL and 40 µL respectively after 72 h of exposure time. The results obtained from the GC-MS showed that the major components in the essential oil of S. aromaticum were eugenol (83.40%) although that of V. heterophylla were Spathulenol (23.66%), Beta-Caryophyllene oxide (16.46%) and 6-Isopropenyl-4 (16.30%). The powders and essential oils of the tested plants applied individually or after equilibrium combination showed interesting prospects for controlling Callosobruchus maculatus and effectively preserving cowpea seeds in storage warehouses.

Comparative expression of two detoxification genes by Callosobruchus maculatus in response to dichlorvos and Lippia adoensis essential oil treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 665-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazarin Akami ◽  
Nicolas Y. Njintang ◽  
Olajire Gbaye ◽  
Chang-Ying Niu ◽  
E-N Nukenine
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Lippia Adoensis

scholarly journals Perforation index assessment of cowpea seeds against cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae], infestation using Piper guineense

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayode David Ileke ◽  
Jacobs Mobolade Adesina ◽  
Luke Chinaru Nwosu ◽  
Abimbola Olagunju
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Seed Extracts

Abstract Background Powders and extracts of Piper guineense seeds and leaves were assessed for insecticidal activities against Callosobruchus maculatus in the laboratory at temperature and relative humidity of 29.6 °C and 75.9%, respectively. Bioactive compounds in P. guineense leaves and seeds were also investigated. The powders were tested at rates 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds while extracts were tested at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0%. Results Results of contact toxicity assay of the seed powder caused 100% adult mortality at 96 h post-treatment period whereas leaf powder evoked 90% adult mortality within the same period at concentration of 1.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds. Low adult emergence was observed on cowpea seeds treated with 1 g of seed powder with percentage adult emergence of 10.0% and inhibition rate (IR) of 97.5%. Beetle Perforation Index (BPI) obtained from treated cowpea seeds was significantly different (P < 0.05) from BPI of untreated seeds. Extracts of P. guineense seed were more toxic than seed powder. Piper guineense seed extract caused 87.5% adult mortality of C. maculatus while leaf extract caused 70.0% adult mortality within 24 h of infestation at concentration of 1%. Progeny development of C. maculatus was completely inhibited in cowpea treated with 2% and 3% leaf and seed extracts of P. guineense. β-Pinene was the most abundant active compound in P. guineense seed (55.6%) and leaf (48.4%). β-Phellandrene occurred 38.2% in seeds while Ocimene had the least value of 0.2% in seed and 0.5% in leaf. Conclusion The study showed that P. guineense seed powder and extracts were more effective than leaf powder and extract. Utilization of plant products as alternative to synthetic insecticides in protecting cowpea seeds against C. maculatus should be encouraged for enhanced food safety and security. Piper guineense is used as spice and medicine and interestingly safe for human use.

Efficacy of Senna occidentalis leaves powder on oviposition, hatchability of eggs and emergence of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab)on treated cowpea seeds

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
J. M. Adesina ◽  
L. A. Afolabi ◽  
A. T. Aderibigbe
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Ondo State

The efficacy of Senna occidentalis leaf powder against Callosobruchusmaculatus (F) on cowpea treated seeds was evaluated under ambientcondition (32±0.64°C and 68±3% R.H.) at the laboratory of AgriculturalTechnology of Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo. C. maculatus was obtainedfrom Oja‐Oba market, Owo, Ondo State of Nigeria. The insects were rearedand bred in the laboratory. The cowpea seeds used for the bioassay werekept in the freezer for 15 days to eliminate infestation from the field. Theleaf powder was obtained after milling and four dosages of the powder (0.5,1.0, 1.5 and 2.0g) were separately admixed with 20g of cowpea in separatepetri dishes. Ten pairs of C. maculatus were introduced into each petri‐dish.Number of adult mortality, egg laid, percentage egg hatching, adultemergence and weight loss from each treatment were compared withcontrol treatment. It is concluded that the Senna occidentalis contains toxicproperties valuable for the control of C. maculatus.

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